Nanomaterials can be roughly divided into four categories: nano-powder, nano-fibers, nano-films, and nano-block. Among them, nanopowder has the longest development time and the most mature technology, which is the basis for the production of the other three types of products.
Nanopowder
Nanopowder
Also known as ultra-fine powder or ultra-fine powder, generally refers to the particle size of 100 nanometers or below the powder or particles, is a kind of intermediate between atoms, molecules and macro-objects in the intermediate state of solid particles of materials. Can be used for: high-density magnetic recording materials; wave-absorbing stealth materials; magnetic fluid materials; radiation protection materials; monocrystalline silicon and precision optical device polishing materials; microchip thermal conductive substrate and wiring materials; microelectronic packaging materials; optoelectronic materials; advanced battery electrode materials; solar cell materials; high-efficiency catalysts; high-efficiency fuel additives; sensitive components; high-toughness ceramic materials (ceramics that can't be cracked by dropping them, used in ceramic engines, etc.); human body repair materials; anti-cancer agents, etc.
Nanofiber refers to the diameter of the nanometer scale and the length of the larger wire material. Can be used for: micro-wires, micro-fiber (future quantum computers and photonic computers important components) materials; new laser or light-emitting diode materials.
Nanomembranes
Nanomembranes are divided into particulate and dense membranes. Particle film is a film in which nanoparticles stick together with extremely small gaps in between. Dense films are films with dense layers but with nanometer-sized grains. Can be used for: gas catalytic (such as automobile exhaust treatment) materials; filter materials; high-density magnetic recording materials; photosensitive materials; flat panel display materials; superconducting materials and so on.
Nanoblock: It is the nano-powder high-pressure molding or control of metal liquid crystallization and the nanograin materials. The main uses are: ultra-high strength materials; smart metal materials.
What are the common nanomaterials
In terms of size, the size of fine particles that usually produce significant changes in physicochemical properties is below 0.1 micrometers (Note 1 meter = 100 centimeters, 1 centimeter = 10,000 micrometers, 1 micrometer = 1,000 nanometers, 1 nanometer = 10 angstroms), or below 100 nanometers. Therefore, particles with a particle size of 1 to 100 nanometers are called ultrafine particulate materials, which are also a type of nanomaterial.
Nano-metallic materials were successfully developed in the mid-1980s, followed by nano-semiconductor films, nano-ceramics, nano-porcelain materials and nano-biomedical materials.
Nanoscale structural materials, referred to as nanomaterials (nano material), refers to the size of its structural units between the range of 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers. Since its size is close to the coherence length of electrons, its properties change greatly due to the self-organization brought about by strong coherence. Moreover, its scale is close to the wavelength of light, coupled with the special effect of its large surface, so the properties it exhibits, such as melting point, magnetic, optical, thermal and electrical conductivity, etc., are often different from the properties of the substance in the overall state.
Nanoparticle materials, also known as nanoparticle materials, consist of nanoparticles (nano particle). Nanoparticles, also known as ultrafine particles, generally refers to the size of the particles between 1 ~ 100nm, is in the atomic clusters and macro-objects at the junction of the transition region, from the usual point of view on the microscopic and macroscopic point of view, such a system is neither typical of the microscopic system nor typical of the macroscopic system, a typical mesoscopic system, which has a surface effect, the small size effect and the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. When a macroscopic object is subdivided into ultrafine particles (nanoscale), it will show a lot of strange properties, namely, its optical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties and the bulk of the solid will be significantly different compared to the time.
The broad scope of nanotechnology can include nanomaterials technology and nanofabrication technology, nano measurement technology, nano application technology and other aspects. Among them, nanomaterials technology focuses on the production of nano-functional materials (ultra-fine powder, coating, nano-modified materials, etc.), performance testing technology (chemical composition, microstructure, surface morphology, physical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and optical properties). Nanofabrication technology includes precision processing technology (energy beam processing, etc.) and scanning probe technology.
Nanomaterials have a certain uniqueness, when the material scale is small to a certain extent, it is necessary to change the quantum mechanics to replace the traditional mechanical point of view to describe its behavior, when the size of the powder particles from 10 microns down to 10 nanometers, although the particle size is changed to 1,000 times, but when converted into a volume there will be 10 times the 9 times of the magnitude of the two behaviors, so the behavior of the two will produce a significant difference.
The reason nanoparticles are different from bulk matter is that they have a relatively large surface area, i.e., the surface of the nanoparticle is covered with a ladder-like structure that represents unstable atoms with high surface energy. These atoms are highly susceptible to adsorption and bonding with foreign atoms, and at the same time provide a large surface of active atoms due to the reduced particle size.
In terms of melting point, nanopowder has a high surface energy due to the small number of atoms in each particle, and the surface atoms are in an unstable state, which makes the surface lattice vibrate with a higher amplitude, resulting in the unique thermal properties of ultramicro-particles, that is, causing a decrease in the melting point, and at the same time, the nanopowder will be easier to be sintered at lower temperatures than the traditional powders, which makes it a good sintering promoter material.
Generally, the common magnetic materials are multi-magnetic *** body, when the size of the particle is so small that it can not be distinguished from its magnetic region, that is, the formation of a single magnetic region of the magnetic material. Therefore, when a magnetic material is made into an ultrafine particle or a thin film, it becomes an excellent magnetic material.
Nanoparticles have a particle size (10 to 100 nanometers) that is smaller than the length of a light wave, and therefore interact with incident light in complex ways. Metal in the appropriate evaporation deposition conditions, can be easily absorbed light black metal ultramicro particles, called metal black, which is in strong contrast to the metal in the vacuum coating to form a high reflectivity glossy surface. Nanomaterials can be used in infrared sensor materials because of their large light absorption.
Nanotechnology in the world is still in the embryonic stage, the United States, Japan, Germany and a few other countries, although the foundation is already in place, but still in the research, the emergence of new theories and technologies are still booming. China has been trying to catch up with the level of advanced countries, the research team is also growing.
Classification of nanomaterials
Nanomaterials can be roughly divided into four categories: nanopowder, nanofibers, nanofilms, nanoblocks and so on. Among them, nanopowder has the longest development time and the most mature technology, and is the basis for the production of the other three types of products.
Nanopowder: ......
What are the products of Enron Nano
There are a lot of products,
It is easy to join, but it is hard to do it without a good method,
For the long-term development, the choice is greater than the effort
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Is there any nanotechnology products in the market at present
Examples of nanotechnology:
Carbon nanotubes have an external diameter of only 1.5 mm. p> Carbon nanotubes have an external diameter of only a few to a few tens of nanometers. Equivalent to one ten-thousandth of a hair strand, and only one-sixth the density of steel. And 100 times stronger than steel. There are so-called quantum disks made of nanotechnology that can store 30,000 copies of The Dream of the Red Chamber
Nanotechnology:
A nanometer is a unit of length, originally called a millimicron, which is 10 to the -9th power of a meter (one billionth of a meter). Nanoscience and technology, sometimes referred to simply as nanotechnology, is the study of the properties and applications of materials with structural dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. In terms of specific substances, people tend to use fine as hair to describe slender things, but in fact, human hair is generally 20-50 microns in diameter, which is not fine. Individual bacteria can not be seen with the naked eye, measured with a microscope diameter of 5 microns, is not fine. To summarize, 1 nanometer is roughly equivalent to the diameter of 4 atoms. Nanotechnology includes the following four main aspects:
⒈ nanomaterials: when the material to the nanometer scale, about 1-100 nanometers in this range of space, the performance of the material will undergo a sudden change, the emergence of special properties. This is different from the original composition of atoms, molecules, but also different from the macroscopic material composition of the special properties of the material, that is, nanomaterials. If only the scale reaches nanometer, but no special properties of the material, can not be called nanomaterials. In the past, people only pay attention to atoms, molecules or cosmic space, often ignoring this intermediate field, which actually exists in large quantities in the natural world, but only previously did not recognize the performance of this scale range. The first real recognition of its performance and cited the concept of nanometer is the Japanese scientists, they used the evaporation method in the 1970s to prepare ultramicro ions, and through the study of its performance found that: an electrically conductive, thermally conductive copper, silver conductor into the nanoscale, it will lose the original nature of the performance of the conductivity of electricity is not conductive, nor is it thermally conductive. Magnetic materials are also so, like iron cobalt alloy, make it about 20-30 nanometer size, magnetic domains into single domain, its magnetic properties than the original 1000 times higher. 80's, people formally named this kind of material as nanomaterials.
⒉Nanodynamics, mainly micromechanics and micromotors, or always called micro electro-mechanical systems, used in micro sensors and actuators with transmission machinery, fiber optic communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments. Used in a new process similar to the design and manufacture of integrated electrical appliances. Characterized by very small parts, the depth of etching often requires tens to hundreds of microns, while the width error is very small. This process can also be used to make three-phase motors for ultra-fast centrifuges or gyroscopes, for example. In research there is also the corresponding detection of microdeformations and microfriction at the quasi-atomic scale, etc. Although they are not yet really into the nanoscale, but there is a great potential scientific value and economic value.
Nanobiology and nanopharmacology, such as in the mica surface with nanoparticle degree of colloidal gold fixed dna particles, in the silica surface of the fork-finger electrode to do the test of interactions between biomolecules, phospholipids and fatty acids bilayer planar biofilm, the fine structure of the dna and so on. With nanotechnology, self-assembly methods can also be used to put parts or components inside cells to make up new materials. New drugs, even micron particles of fine powder, there are about half of the insoluble in water; but if the particles for the nanometer scale (i.e., ultra-micro particles), it can be dissolved in water.
Singed nanoelectronics, including nanoelectronic devices based on quantum effects, optical/electrical properties of nanostructures, characterization of nanoelectronic materials, as well as atom manipulation and atom assembly. Current trends in electronics require devices and systems to be smaller, faster, and colder.Smaller means faster response time. Colder means that the power consumption of individual devices should be small. But smaller is not without limits. Nanotechnology is the final frontier for builders, and its impact will be enormous.
In April 1998, the President's Science and Technology Advisor, Dr. Neal Lane, commented that if someone were to ask me what area of science and engineering would have a breakthrough impact on the future, I would say that the Initiative was creating a program called the Grand Challenges in Nanotechnology, which would fund interdisciplinary teams of researchers and educators, including centers and networks for the long term. Some of the potential breakthroughs that could be realized include:
Compressing the entire Library of Congress into a device the size of a sugar cube, which could be accomplished by increasing the storage capacity per unit of surface by a factor of 1,000 to expand the storage capacity of large storage electronics to the level of a few terabytes. Manufacturing materials and products from a small-to-large approach, i.e., making them from an atom, from a molecule. This approach will save raw materials and reduce ......
What companies in China are qualified to make nanoproducts?
Nanotechnology includes the following four main aspects:
1, nanomaterials: when the material to the nanometer scale, about 0.1-100 nanometers in the range of space, the performance of the material will undergo a sudden change, the emergence of special properties. This is different from the original composition of atoms, molecules, but also different from the macroscopic composition of the material of the special properties of the material, that is, nanomaterials. If only the scale of the nanometer, but no special properties of the material, can not be called nanomaterials.
Nanotechnology is different from micron technology. The latter is the use of photolithography and corrosion and other technologies, from the macro-scale top-down manufacturing of materials, concentrated in the production of integrated circuits and other aspects. Nanotechnology, on the contrary, is characterized by a bottom-up approach to the manufacture of nanomaterials based on self-assembly. Of course, the manufacturing of nanomaterials does not rely solely on self-assembly, but also utilizes lithography in order to ensure the efficiency of mass production.
In the past, people have paid attention to atoms, molecules, or cosmic space, often ignoring this intermediate realm, which actually exists in nature in abundance, but only previously unrecognized for its properties in this scale range. The first real recognition of its performance and cited the concept of nanometer is the Japanese scientists, they in the 1970s with the evaporation method to prepare ultra-micro ions, and through the study of its performance found that: an electrically conductive, thermally conductive copper, silver conductor into the nanometer scale, it will lose the original nature of the performance of both non-conductive, nor thermally conductive. Magnetic materials are also so, like iron cobalt alloy, make it about 20-30 nanometer size, the magnetic domain becomes a single domain, its magnetic properties than the original 1000 times higher. the mid-80s, people formally named this kind of material as nanomaterials.
⒉Nanodynamics, mainly micromechanics and micromotors, or collectively known as micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), used in micro sensors and actuators with transmission machinery, fiber-optic communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments. A new process similar to integrated electrical design and manufacturing is used. Characterized by very small parts, the depth of etching often requires tens to hundreds of microns, while the width error is very small. This process can also be used to make three-phase motors for ultra-fast centrifuges or gyroscopes, for example. In research there is also the corresponding detection of microdeformations and microfriction at the quasi-atomic scale, etc. Although they are not yet really into the nanoscale, but there is a great potential scientific value and economic value.
Nanobiology and nanopharmacology, such as in the mica surface with nanoparticle degree of colloidal gold fixed dna particles, in the silica surface of the fork-finger electrode to do the test of interactions between biomolecules, phospholipids and fatty acids bilayer planar biofilm, the fine structure of the dna and so on. With nanotechnology, self-assembly methods can also be used to put parts or components inside cells to make up new materials. New drugs, even micron particles of fine powder, about half of the insoluble in water; but if the particles for the nanometer scale (i.e., ultra-micro particles), can be dissolved in water.
Singed nanoelectronics, including nanoelectronic devices based on quantum effects, optical/electrical properties of nanostructures, characterization of nanoelectronic materials, as well as atom manipulation and atom assembly. Current trends in electronics require devices and systems to be smaller, faster, and colder.Smaller means faster response time. Colder means that the power consumption of individual devices should be small. But smaller is not without limits. Nanotechnology is the final frontier for builders, and its impact will be enormous.
[edit]Nanotechnology development history
In July 1990, the first international conference on nanoscience and technology was held in Baltimore, USA; in 1996, the fourth academic conference on nanoscience and technology was held in China. The first (1992) Conference on Nanomaterials was held in Mexico; the second International Conference on Nanomaterials was held in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1994; the third International Conference was held in Hawaii, USA, in 1996; the fourth Conference on Nanomaterials was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1998; and the fifth International Conference on Nanomaterials was held in Sendai, Japan, in 2000.
Current research and applications of nanotechnology are mainly in materials and preparation, microelectronics and computer technology, medicine and health, space and aviation, environment and energy, biotechnology and agricultural products. Devices made from nanomaterials are lighter in weight, harder, longer in life, cheaper to maintain and easier to design. The use of nanomaterials also makes it possible to make materials of specific properties or materials that do not exist in nature, to make biomaterials and bionanomaterials.
@Nano is a unit of measurement for geometric size, 1 nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter.
@Nanotechnology has led to a technological revolution ......
What are the nano products?
Nano is a unit of length, formerly known as the millimicron, "nano" is the translation of the English namometer, 1 nanometer is one millionth of a millimicron, that is, 1 millimicron, that is, one-billionth of a meter, which is equivalent to about 45 atoms strung up so long. Nanostructures usually refers to the size of the tiny structures below 100 nanometers. 1981 scanning tunneling microscope invention, it was born to 0.1 to 100 nanometer length for the study of the molecular world, its ultimate goal is to directly to the atoms or molecules to construct products with specific functions. Therefore, nanotechnology is actually a technology to range substances with individual atoms Gong molecules.
What are the nanoproducts? I don't think anyone can say the right answer.
What are the things in life with nanotechnology
At present, there are things in life with nanotechnology, those who sell "nano" products on the street, purely black-hearted manufacturers of conceptual speculation,
in order to fool consumers to spend a few times, or even dozens of times the money to buy his road.