Wenchuan Earthquake On May 2, 2008/KLOC-0, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan. The most destructive earthquake since the founding of New China, Sichuan Province alone killed 687 12 people, and17,912 people were missing. This earthquake has brought great psychological pressure and incurable mental trauma to the people of the whole country, which can be called a great disaster in the history of the country and the nation. After the disaster, the people of the whole country, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, showed unprecedented unity and strength in earthquake relief. In June, 2008, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Taiyuan proposed that it is necessary to set up "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" or "China Disaster Relief Day" to express the memory of the earthquake victims and carry forward the spirit of solidarity and disaster relief.
China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world, with many kinds of disasters, wide geographical distribution, high frequency and heavy losses. Under the background of global climate change and China's rapid economic and social development, the loss of natural disasters in China is increasing day by day, and major natural disasters and even catastrophes occur from time to time. The situation of natural disasters faced by China is severe and complicated, and the disaster risk is further aggravated.
In this context, the establishment of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" not only reflects the country's great attention to disaster prevention and mitigation, but also is an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, promote stable economic and social development and build a harmonious society. By setting up a "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and holding nationwide publicity and education activities on disaster prevention and mitigation on a regular basis, it will help to further arouse the attention of all sectors of society to disaster prevention and mitigation, enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation of the whole society, popularize knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation and self-help skills, improve the comprehensive disaster reduction ability at all levels, and minimize the loss of natural disasters.
Purpose 1989 The United Nations Economic and Social Council designated the second Wednesday of June 10 as "International Day for Disaster Reduction", aiming at arousing the international community's attention to disaster prevention and reduction, and urging countries to * * * incorporate natural disaster reduction into their economic and social development plans.
While setting up the "International Day for Disaster Reduction", many countries in the world have also set up their own theme days for disaster prevention and reduction to promote their own publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction. For example, Japan designated 1 in September as "Disaster Prevention Day" and August 30th to September 5th as "Disaster Prevention Week". South Korea has designated May 25th as "Disaster Prevention Day" from 1994; After the Indian Ocean tsunami, Thailand and Malaysia designated 65438+February 26th as "National Disaster Prevention Day". On June 8, 2005, after the 7.6-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan, Pakistan * * * designated June 8, 2005 as "Earthquake Remembrance Day" and so on.
On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, China, which caused huge losses and shocked the world. The establishment of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China is not only to meet the demands of all sectors of society for disaster prevention and mitigation in China, but also to remind people to remember the past and learn from the future, pay more attention to disaster prevention and mitigation, and strive to reduce disaster losses. The establishment of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" by the state will make China's disaster prevention and mitigation work more targeted and effective.
20 18 in the new round of institutional reform in the State Council, the emergency forces and resources were further integrated and optimized, and the emergency management department was established, aiming at preventing and resolving major security risks, improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and ensuring people's lives and property safety and social stability.
Evolution process 1990, China announced for the first time that the disaster area can be opened to the outside world. China has established close cooperative partnership with relevant disaster reduction agencies of the United Nations and actively participated in disaster reduction cooperation under the framework of the United Nations.
At the beginning of 2005, China International Disaster Reduction Committee was renamed as National Disaster Reduction Committee, which was responsible for formulating national disaster reduction guidelines, policies and plans, coordinating major disaster reduction activities, and comprehensively coordinating emergency response and disaster relief work for major natural disasters.
In September 2005, China hosted the first Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Reduction; From June 5 to February 2008, a seminar was held to strengthen the capacity building of Asian countries to cope with disasters.
In August, 2007, the 11th Five-Year Plan of National Comprehensive Disaster Reduction and other documents clearly put forward the strategic objectives of national comprehensive disaster reduction during the 11th Five-Year Plan period and in the medium and long term.
On March 2, 2009, the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Ministry of Civil Affairs released news. With the approval of the State Council, since 2009, May 12 has been designated as the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day.
On May 1 1 day, 2009, China * * * released the first white paper on disaster prevention and mitigation, China Disaster Mitigation Action.
More than 30 laws and regulations, such as emergency response law, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction law, flood control law, sand prevention and control law, and water pollution prevention and control law, have formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging legal system for disaster prevention and mitigation.
The National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies and the National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief standardize disaster response, emergency rescue and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. The Regulations on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction provides legal protection for post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.
In order to conscientiously do a good job in the first "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China and the school flood prevention and relief activities, effectively enhance the disaster prevention awareness of all teachers and students, continuously improve the emergency response capability, and ensure the safety of life and property, this plan is formulated according to the deployment and requirements of the county party committee, the county government and the county education commission, combined with the actual situation of the school.
I. Guiding ideology and objectives
(1) guiding ideology. Adhere to the people-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the principle of "principal's responsibility, highlighting key points, quick response, active cooperation and effective prevention", adhere to equal emphasis on publicity and exercise, prevention and disposal, and the combination of normality and abnormality, strengthen publicity and education, prevention and control, plan management, emergency response and rescue guarantee, improve the network, improve the mechanism, strengthen the foundation and enhance the ability, and form a * * leading school.
(2) Work objectives. The capabilities of prevention and control, plan management, emergency response and emergency support have been effectively enhanced, the emergency knowledge and self-help ability of all teachers and students have been significantly improved, casualties and economic losses have been greatly reduced, and the property safety of all teachers and students has been further guaranteed.
Second, the working organization and responsibilities
(a) the establishment of leading institutions. The school has set up the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and the leading group for flood prevention and relief work (hereinafter referred to as Kobayashi's leading group for disaster prevention and mitigation), implemented the county education committee, the town party committee and * * *, led, directed, deployed and coordinated the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and flood prevention and relief work, and carried out publicity and education, emergency plans, material preparation, hidden dangers investigation and drills. The school decided to set up a leading group for "disaster prevention and mitigation" and flood control and relief work.
(2) Establish and improve the emergency rescue team. Emergency headquarters for handling unexpected accidents was established in this school, which consists of seven emergency rescue teams: comprehensive coordination, intelligence information, emergency rescue, logistics support, accident investigation and aftermath treatment. Under the unified command of the headquarters, the emergency rescue teams are responsible for liaison and coordination, organizing and directing members to carry out their work according to the requirements of relevant emergency plans and county leading groups for disaster prevention and mitigation. According to the characteristics of the school, all emergency teams should do a good job in emergency drills to deal with all kinds of sudden disasters, improve their emergency handling ability, and be able to fight when they are called.
(a) headquarters:
Main responsibilities: 1, making emergency decisions; 2. Mobilize the emergency response team; 3. Issue and terminate emergency rescue orders; 4. Organize and direct emergency rescue operations; 5. Do a good job in dealing with the aftermath of the accident; 6, summarize the experience and lessons of accident emergency treatment; 7. Organize and implement drills.
(2) Comprehensive Coordination Group:
Main responsibilities: 1, to convey the instructions of the headquarters and coordinate the unified actions of emergency teams; 2, timely understand and report the progress of accident rescue, be a good headquarters staff.
(3) Intelligence Information Section:
Main responsibilities: collect and master information in time, report sudden disasters and accidents to the headquarters immediately, accurately record and release relevant information.
(4) Emergency rescue team:
Main responsibilities: responsible for rescuing the injured on site, eliminating all kinds of dangerous situations on site, organizing emergency repair, and controlling and stabilizing the accident site.
(5) On-site safety team:
Main responsibilities: maintain public order at the scene, do a good job in publicity, education and guidance, control the development of the situation, and monitor the main responsible persons and related parties of the accident.
(6) Logistics Support Group:
Main responsibilities: Responsible for ensuring the food arrangement and material preparation of rescuers and doing a good job in on-site rescue.
(7) Accident investigation team:
Main responsibilities: find out the course, cause, casualties and economic losses of the accident; Identify the nature and responsibility of the accident, and put forward suggestions for handling those responsible for the accident; Submit the accident investigation report, send it to the comprehensive coordination group, and report it to the disaster scene disposal headquarters of the county education commission.
(eight) the aftermath of the working group:
Main responsibilities: responsible for rescuing and appeasing the affected people, properly resettling the affected people, making insurance claims and maintaining social stability.
Three. primary mission
(1) Effectively strengthen publicity and education. The comprehensive coordination group is responsible for organizing publicity and education, increasing the publicity of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and flood relief activities, setting up publicity sites in crowded places, streets and campuses, printing and distributing publicity materials, taking various forms to strengthen publicity, and strengthening the self-care and self-help knowledge education of teachers and students in earthquake and geological disasters.
(two) to carry out hidden dangers investigation and rectification. Under the leadership of the vice president (in charge), the school is composed of Yang Xiangming, Ran Qifu, Tan He and the school leaders, and conducts a comprehensive investigation of the D and C dangerous houses and the evacuation passages of the facilities and equipment in the school. All people living in dangerous buildings of Grade D must move out and implement resettlement sites for proper resettlement. Hidden dangers of campus facilities and evacuation routes should be rectified and eliminated immediately. The results of each hidden danger investigation must be signed by the staff and the person in charge of the investigation, and the hidden dangers must be truthfully recorded in the hidden danger account. The rectification measures must be timely and effective, the rectification effect must be obvious and true, the investigation data must be complete and complete, and reported to the County Education Commission "Office of the Leading Group for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (School Safety Supervision Section)" for the record.
(3) Pay close attention to material preparation. /kloc-Walk to the school playground, stadium and other areas with relatively wide terrain within 0/5 minutes, and get ready for daily necessities and related materials. Do a good job in medical rescue and health and epidemic prevention drugs and devices to ensure smooth information.
(4) Actively carry out emergency drills. This school is under the overall responsibility of the principal. 20 1 10 April to 20 1 12 May, the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Exercise Month" was held. According to the needs of the work, in accordance with the principle of "comprehensive drills, combining day and night, highlighting key points", the main leaders and leaders in charge organize evacuation drills, rescue drills and emergency support drills for teachers and students. The exercise must be carried out more than three times. During the drill, schools should pay special attention to crowded trampling to prevent trampling casualties. Ensure safe and orderly evacuation within 2 minutes.
Four. Related work requirements
(1) Strengthen leadership and implement responsibilities. Carrying out "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and flood fighting and disaster relief activities is the concrete embodiment of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and governing for the people. The school regards this work as an important political task at present with a high sense of political responsibility and an attitude of being responsible to the party and the people. The headmaster personally grasps and implements specialized personnel, sets up a work leading group, carefully formulates a work plan, comprehensively implements specific requirements, and ensures the use of emergency funds. Actively carry out publicity and education, hidden dangers investigation and rectification, emergency rescue team formation, emergency drills, material preparation and other work, and never engage in formalities, go through the motions, and perfunctory things. Implement the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" and the target responsibility system for flood control and disaster relief activities, and decompose the responsibility to relevant personnel to ensure that the responsibility goes to people. Accept the inspection and supervision of the county emergency office and the county education commission's "disaster prevention and mitigation" leading group office on the implementation of school drills and hidden dangers investigation at any time.
(2) Strengthen duty to ensure smooth communication. Strictly implement the 24-hour duty system, do not handle the call transfer of the duty phone, and resolutely avoid delaying the best opportunity for disaster transmission and emergency rescue because of the lack of duty. The main person in charge and the rescue and relief team members must keep 24-hour communication unblocked, and resolutely avoid the situation that people can't contact, teams can't assemble and materials can't be transferred out due to poor communication. Do a good job in uploading and publishing information, strengthen the collection of hidden dangers in drills, and submit information to the Office of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of the Education Commission (School Safety Supervision Section) in a timely manner.
Theme activity May 2009 12, 2009 is the first "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China. The National Disaster Reduction Committee studied the organization of the first National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, and put forward requirements for all localities and departments to carry out the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" activities, mainly focusing on the following four aspects.
1. is a special activity for small-scale disaster prevention and reduction in China. During the publicity week, a special event on disaster prevention and mitigation was held in China. Through organizing disaster prevention and mitigation drills, theme class meetings, blackboard propaganda, watching disaster prevention and mitigation films and other activities, various forms of disaster prevention and mitigation publicity theme activities are carried out to improve students' disaster prevention and mitigation literacy.
2. Carry out various educational activities on disaster prevention and mitigation. In view of the main disaster risks of local departments, on the basis of extensive participation of the people, introduce the basic knowledge of disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation, and basic skills of self-help and mutual rescue.
3 to carry out various forms of disaster prevention and mitigation drills. For public safety, emergencies, emergency rescue, health and epidemic prevention, self-help and mutual rescue, transfer and resettlement, etc. Organize various types of disaster prevention and mitigation drills according to local conditions for specific groups of people. Carry out targeted skills training and skills training activities on fire safety, production safety and medical rescue.
4 to carry out the "disaster prevention and mitigation day" centralized publicity activities. During the publicity week, all kinds of media concentrated on various publicity activities on disaster prevention and mitigation. By setting up columns and special topics, broadcasting relevant special topics and film and television programs, reporting the activities, experiences and achievements of disaster prevention and mitigation measures in various places, publicizing disaster prevention and mitigation policies and regulations, and creating a public opinion atmosphere for disaster prevention and mitigation.
20102010May 12 is the second "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China, with the theme of "Disaster Mitigation starts from the community".
The 20th11 2011May12 National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day is the third "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China, with the theme of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation starts with me". May 9th to15th is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation. In order to do a good job in the 20 1 1 "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
20 1 1 National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day 1. Work closely around the theme of "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day"
Second, organize and advocate the public to carry out the "four ones" activities.
Third, vigorously carry out publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation for the whole people.
Fourth, solidly carry out disaster risk investigation and management.
Five, actively organize the masses to carry out disaster prevention and mitigation drills.
20 12201May12 is the fourth "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" in China, with the theme of "Promoting the culture of disaster prevention and mitigation and raising the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation". May 7th to13rd is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation. In order to do a good job in the 20 12 "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, actively carry out cultural publicity activities on disaster prevention and reduction.
Two, vigorously publicize and popularize the knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
The third is to carry out in-depth investigation and management of disaster risks and hidden dangers
Fourth, conduct extensive drills on disaster prevention and mitigation.
Five, solidly promote the establishment of disaster reduction demonstration communities.
20132013May 12May12 is the fifth "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" with the theme of "Identifying Disaster Risks and Mastering Disaster Mitigation Skills" in China. May 6 to 12 is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation. In order to do a good job in the "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day" on 20 13, with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, organize publicity activities on disaster prevention and mitigation.
Two, do a good job in the popularization of basic skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
Third, in-depth investigation and management of disaster risks.
Fourth, actively carry out emergency drills for disaster prevention and mitigation.
20142014May 12 is the sixth disaster prevention and mitigation day in China, with the theme of "urbanization and mitigation", and May 10 to 16 is the disaster prevention and mitigation publicity week. In order to do a good job in the 20 14 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, highlight the theme of urbanization and disaster reduction, and solidly carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities.
Two, increase publicity and education, popularize knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
The third is to strengthen disaster risk assessment and further promote the investigation and management of hidden dangers.
Four, revise and improve the emergency plan, organize disaster prevention and mitigation drills.
20152015May 12 is the seventh disaster prevention and mitigation day in China, with the theme of "scientific disaster reduction and legal response", and May 1 1 to 17 is the disaster prevention and mitigation publicity week. In order to do a good job in the 20 15 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, highlight the theme of "scientific disaster reduction according to law" and carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities in a solid manner.
Two, constantly enrich the content of publicity and education, and vigorously popularize the knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
The third is to further promote the investigation of hidden dangers of disaster risks and increase the intensity of centralized rectification.
Four, revise and improve the emergency plan, and actively carry out disaster prevention and mitigation drills.
20162016May 12 is the eighth disaster prevention and mitigation day in China, with the theme of "reducing disaster risk and building a safe city", and May 9 to 15 is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation. In order to do a good job in the 20 16 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, highlight the theme of "reducing disaster risk and building a safe city" and carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities in depth.
Two, enrich the publicity and education content, and vigorously popularize the knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
The third is to strengthen risk assessment and solidly promote the investigation and centralized rectification of hidden dangers of disasters.
Four, improve the emergency plan, and actively carry out disaster prevention and mitigation drills.
20172017May 12 is the ninth national disaster prevention and mitigation day in China, with the theme of "reducing community disaster risk and improving disaster reduction capacity of grass-roots units", and May 8 to 14 is the disaster prevention and mitigation publicity week. In order to do a good job in the National Day for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in 20 17, with the consent of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, highlight the theme of National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day and carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities in depth.
Two, innovative forms of publicity and education, and vigorously popularize the knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
The third is to strengthen disaster risk prevention and solidly promote the investigation and management of hidden dangers.
Four, timely improve the emergency plan, and actively carry out disaster prevention and mitigation drills.
20182018May 12 is the 10th National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day in China, with the theme of "taking actions to reduce the disaster risks around us", and May 7 to 13 is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation. In order to do a good job in the activities of the 20 18 National Day for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, with the consent of the leading comrades of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
First, highlight the theme of "take action to reduce the disaster risk around us" and carry out publicity and education activities on disaster prevention and mitigation in a solid manner.
Second, strengthen disaster risk prevention and effectively promote the investigation and management of hidden dangers of disasters.
The third is to revise and improve the emergency plan and carry out disaster prevention, mitigation and relief drills in a solid manner.
Four, increase publicity and education, popularize knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation.
20192019May 12 is China1National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, with the theme of "improving disaster prevention ability and building a life safety defense line", and May 6 to 12 is the disaster prevention and mitigation publicity week. During this period, the emergency management department and all parts of the country carried out various forms of disaster prevention and mitigation activities, with wide public participation.
May 12, 2020 is China 12 National Day for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, with the theme of "Improving the emergency response capacity of grass-roots units and building a people's defense line for disaster prevention and mitigation", and May 9 to 15 is the publicity week for disaster prevention and mitigation.
The Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Emergency Management Department issued a notice to arrange the work related to this year's National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day. The circular requires that all regions and relevant departments should, according to the different situations of epidemic prevention and control, popularize all kinds of disaster accident knowledge and basic skills of prevention and response to the public through various forms such as online open classes, live broadcasts of new media and online interviews. It is necessary to strengthen the grid management of disaster risk, comprehensively and systematically investigate the hidden dangers of disasters and accidents, and put forward targeted remediation measures to minimize the risk of disasters and accidents. It is necessary to establish and improve the grass-roots emergency material support system, strive to meet the material demand that may cause disasters and accidents, and ensure the orderly dispatch, rapid transportation, efficient distribution and accurate traceability of materials. ?
20 13 the reform of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief system and mechanism has been incorporated into the framework of social governance and public safety. The Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in 20 16 proposed to constantly improve the emergency systems such as disaster investigation and assessment, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control. 20 16 12 19 "Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Promoting the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief" was issued, which called for the implementation of responsibilities, the improvement of systems, the integration of resources and the coordination of forces, and effectively improved the legalization, standardization and modernization level of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work.
On July 3, 20654381day, Heilongjiang Province officially issued the Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan of Heilongjiang Province (20 16-2020), proposing to complete the construction of three provincial-level disaster relief material depots, including Qiqihar, Mudanjiang and Jiamusi, and create 200 national comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration communities. Start the construction of the "Three Parallel Rivers" backbone project, complete the "Three Parallel Rivers" regulation project of Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Nenjiang River, and complete the first phase of Nierji backbone expansion project. By 2020, we will strive to basically complete the transformation of concentrated contiguous shanty towns in cities and towns, and complete the transformation of 600,000 rural mud-grass (dangerous) houses.
Since the establishment of the emergency management department of 20 18, a national comprehensive fire rescue team, 27 professional rescue teams, several cross-regional mobile rescue forces and 7 international rescue teams have been established, and efforts have been made to build a "sharp knife" and "fist" force for emergency rescue. The national comprehensive fire rescue team actively locates the main force of emergency rescue and the national team, adapts to the need of comprehensive transformation from "single disaster type" to "all disaster type", pays attention to reform and transformation on the one hand and transformation and upgrading on the other, and insists on training the team and improving its ability in practice. In 20 18 years, * * * dispatched127,000 person-times and 2190,000 train trips, rescued and evacuated 676,000 people, and rescued and protected property worth 365.438+03 billion yuan.
On may 7th, 20 19, the first national skills competition of social emergency forces officially started in the national (Chongqing) land search and rescue base. Twenty-seven finalists, selected, trained and assessed by the region, competed fiercely in three categories: blasting, rope and water in the 12 skill competition.
According to incomplete statistics, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 2,000 publicity and education bases for disaster prevention and reduction were built nationwide. During previous publicity weeks on disaster prevention and mitigation, 65.438+0.6 billion copies of various publicity materials were distributed nationwide, 45,000 training lectures were held, 6.5438+0.45 million drills of different scales were held, and 26,000 main publicity activities were held, with 65 million people directly educated participating in on-site activities.