What is the function of computer peripherals

Monitor - (English: Screen, Monitor), also known as the display, screen, fluorescent screen, is used to display images and colors of electrical appliances: the main role is for us to see the computer in the end in the operation of what we use the computer when the eyes look at that. Described in terms of weight: CRT - cathode ray tube display (the heaviest part of the computer outside the mainframe, of course, does not include other printers, scanners and the like), LCD - liquid crystal display (the same as the aforementioned, but the heaviest weight into the fourth light) --before No.1 headset/mouse, No.2 keyboard, No.3 speakers). Host: Including read-in devices (optical drive, floppy drive, flash drive, graphics card, hard disk, motherboard, CPU, cooler, power supply, network card, sound card, memory, etc.) Optical Drive: Optical disk drive, Taiwan for the CD-ROM drive, is used by computers, video games used to read and write the contents of the CD-ROM machine, including burned and non-burned, mainly used to read and burn discs, which can be divided into DVD-ROM \ CD-ROM \ COMBO Floppy Disk: Floppy Disk, abbreviation: FD, is a personal computer device, the earliest use of removable storage media. The first floppy disk was developed by IBM in 1971, with a diameter of 8 inches. With the development of hardware technology and the need for use, a 5.25-inch floppy disk was derived and widely used in Apple II, IBM PC and compatible computers. Apple started to use 3.5-inch floppy disk in 1984 in Mac machine, the capacity is less than 1MB, later, by the Japanese Sony's 3.5-inch floppy disk capacity of 1.44MB replaced, this kind of floppy disk 80s to 90s prevalent until the 2000s before the 3.5-inch floppy disk is still one of the computer popularity of the equipment, however, is now basically eliminated. USB flash drive: It is the USB socket counterpart, a medium that uses flash memory for data storage, usually with a USB plug. Usually flash drives are extremely small, lightweight, hot-swappable, and can be rewritten. After the introduction of the rapid popularity and replace the traditional floppy disk and floppy drive. To access the data on a flash drive, the drive must be connected to a computer; either directly to the computer's built-in USB controller or to a USB hub. The flash drive will only boot up when plugged into a USB port, and the required power is supplied by the USB connection. However, some flash drives (especially Hi-Speed drives using the USB 2.0 standard) may require more power, so if they are connected to a USB hub, such as the one built into the keyboard or screen, they will not work unless they are plugged directly into a controller (i.e., the USB port provided by the computer itself) or an externally-powered USB hub. Graphics card - Video card, Graphics card, Video adapter: is one of the most basic components of a personal computer. The purpose of the graphics card is to convert the display information required by the computer system to drive the monitor, and provide line scan signals to the monitor to control the correct display of the monitor, is an important component of the connection between the monitor and the motherboard of the PC, and is one of the important devices of the "human-computer dialogue". Graphics card is inserted in the expansion slot on the motherboard (now generally PCI-E slot, before there are AGP, PCI, ISA and other slots). It is mainly responsible for the host to the display signals sent to the monitor into a general electrical signals, so that the monitor can understand what the personal computer allows it to do. The main chip in a graphics card is called the "display chip" (Video chipset, also called GPU or VPU, graphics processor or visual processor), which is the main processing unit of the graphics card. The video chip is the main processing unit of the graphics card. There is also a memory on the card similar to the computer's memory, which is called "display memory", or video memory for short. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - English: Hard Disk Drive is a non-volatile storage device based on hard, spinning platters used in computers. It stores and retrieves digital data on a flat magnetic surface. Information is written to the disk by an electromagnetic stream that changes polarity by means of a write head close to the magnetic surface. Information can be read back in the opposite way, for example by a magnetic field causing an electrical change in the coil or by the read head passing over it. Hard disks are broadly categorized into ATA (IDE) and SATA, as well as SCSI and SAS, depending on the data interface. 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch desktop hard disks use either a D-shaped 4-pin power connector (commonly known as the large 4-pin), which is designed and patented by Molex Incorporated, or a SATA power cable. The 2.5-inch hard disk for notebook computers, on the other hand, can draw power directly from the data port and does not require an additional power connector. After plugging in an external portable hard disk enclosure, the USB port outside the computer to provide a source of power, and a single USB port power supply is about 4~5V 500mA, if the mobile hard disk enclosure power needs are higher, sometimes need to connect two USB port to use, otherwise, need to be powered by an external power supply. However, most of the new HDD enclosures (for HDDs under 2.5") can be easily powered by a single USB port. Motherboard - Motherboard, Mainboard: It is the center or main circuit board of a complex electronic system such as a computer. Typical motherboards provide a series of connections for devices such as processors, graphics cards, sound cards, hard disks, memory, external devices, etc. They usually plug directly into the relevant slots. They are usually plugged directly into the relevant slots or connected by wiring. The most important component on a motherboard is the chipset. Chipsets usually consist of a Northbridge and a Southbridge, but some are designed as a single chip to enhance their performance. These chipsets provide the motherboard with a common platform for different devices to connect and control the communication of different devices. It also includes support for different expansion slots, such as processor, PCI, ISA, AGP, and PCI Express. chipsets also provide additional features for the motherboard, such as integrated graphics and sound cards (also known as built-in graphics and built-in sound cards). Some high-priced motherboards also integrate infrared communication technology, Bluetooth, and 802.11 (Wi-Fi). Central Processing Unit - Central Processing Unit, CPU: is one of the main devices of an electronic computer. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. That is, the motherboard can be seen above the most square socket above the insertion of the square thing, but that thing is now more often become a microprocessor, which is the mastermind of the computer, are the implementation of a series of instructions stored in a program known as the program. In the choice is to pay attention to whether the model matches the motherboard socket. Cooler: It is the piece that is installed on top of the CPU, of course, now there are hard disk cooler and graphics card cooler and memory cooler and so on. Because now the computer performance is constantly improving (the most direct is to improve the power supply to enhance the performance), and thus considerable heat phenomenon has become the most important problem to be solved, and then appeared the radiator, the radiator's main function as the name - heat dissipation, reduce the temperature of the hardware. Computer coolers can also be divided into active and passive cooling. Active cooling is the use of fans or other power equipment to cool the main body of the cooling, generally air-cooled, water-cooled and liquid-cooled (the principle of air conditioning); passive cooling is not the use of external equipment to dissipate heat, conventional cooling towers. The above can also be called dynamic and static heat dissipation. Power supply: as the name suggests, for our computer to provide a source of energy for the equipment, power supply above the octopus like a dense stretch of wires to provide each device power supply. Of course, you need to connect the power cord can be energized, the power supply is sufficient to a certain extent directly affects the operation of the computer is normal, so pay attention to the choice of power supply with the overall configuration of the computer to match. Perhaps some people are curious, that power supply is not very big? In fact, the power supply is not big, we see the main body is the chassis, the role is to fix other configurations in the internal computer hardware, chassis, many lines sticking out of the piece of "square package" is the power supply, talk about the chassis, the role of the main is fixed, of course, is now more and more small (such as Apple's mainframe), or integrated into the monitor inside. NIC - Network Adapter or NIC (Network Interface Controller): is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate on a computer network. Because it has a MAC address, it belongs to layer 2 of the OSI model. It allows users to connect to each other via cable or wireless. Each network card has a unique 48-bit serial number called a MAC address, which is written in a piece of ROM on the card. Every computer on the network must have a unique MAC address. No two NICs ever produced have the same address. This is because the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) is responsible for assigning unique MAC addresses to vendors of network interface controllers. Network cards used to be plugged into the computer bus as expansion cards, but because of their low price and the prevalence of the Ethernet standard, most new computers incorporate network interfaces on the motherboard. These motherboards either integrate Ethernet functionality into the motherboard chip or use an inexpensive network card that connects to the motherboard via PCI (or the newer PCI-Express bus). A separate NIC is no longer needed unless multiple interfaces are required or some other kind of network is used. Even newer motherboards may contain built-in dual network (Ethernet) interfaces. Sound card: is an interface card used to process sound in multimedia computers. A sound card can turn voice, music, and other sounds from microphones, radios, tape recorders, laser disc players (laser discs), and other devices into digital signals for the computer to process and save as files, and can restore the digital signals to real sound output. The connector at the end of the sound card protrudes from the rear side of the chassis, on which there are connectors for microphones, speakers, joysticks and MIDI devices. However, since major motherboard manufacturers have been promoting All-In-One motherboards, all motherboards have built-in AC97 sound capabilities. This has forced the market for mid-range and low-end sound cards to shrink rapidly. Memory - Computer memory: An electronic device that utilizes semiconductor technology to store data. Electronic circuits store data in binary form, and each storage unit of the memory is called a memory element. Mouse: is that we often operate it in the monitor above the point to point around that icon of the hardware, is a very commonly used computer input device, it can be on the current screen cursor positioning, and through the buttons and scroll wheel device or laser on the cursor passed through the position of the screen elements to be operated. The ancestor of the mouse appeared in 1968. American scientist Douglas Englebart made the first mouse in California. Keyboard - keyboard: is one of the peripherals of the computer, developed from the typewriter keyboard. The keyboard allows you to enter characters and control the operation of the computer. A computer keyboard consists of a rectangular or nearly rectangular set of buttons, or "keys," with characters printed on them. In most cases, pressing a key produces a corresponding symbol, such as a letter, number, or punctuation mark. However, there are some special symbols that require several keys to be pressed simultaneously or in sequence. There are also keys that do not correspond to any symbol but affect the operation of the computer. Different input methods define different output symbols.