Because the scientific instruments are "four or two pounds" of the industry, the development prospects are very broad. Based on its strategic position in the country's science and technology, economy, national defense, people's livelihood and social development in the importance of "agriculture, light, heavy, sea, land, air, food, clothing, with" all walks of life, ubiquitous, omnipresent. Therefore, accelerate the development of scientific instrument industry has become one of the focus of attention of countries around the world. This paper briefly introduces the development of scientific instruments and applications in China.
A, spectroscopic instruments
From the principle point of view, spectroscopic instruments can be divided into: absorption spectroscopy (ultraviolet absorption, visible absorption, ultraviolet-visible absorption, gas-phase molecular absorption, infrared absorption, atomic absorption, etc.), emission spectroscopy (fluorescence, Raman, microwave plasma, etc.), spin spectroscopy, etc.; from the application point of view, it can be divided into molecular spectroscopy (infrared, ultraviolet, visible, UV visible, spin, gas phase molecular, fluorescence, Raman, etc.), atomic spectra (atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence, etc.).
According to the authors' preliminary statistics, there are currently more than 20 kinds of spectroscopic instruments in the international arena. However, the most used, the widest coverage, the most representative spectroscopic instruments are ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and so on. In addition, today's laser Raman spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy development is also very hot.
1, ultraviolet spectrophotometer
Special worth proposing is that, at present, in China's applications, the most extensive coverage of the ultraviolet spectroscopy instruments market situation is as follows: ranked first Shimadzu, the second is the domestic ultraviolet instrument - Beijing PU analysis of the general public, the ultraviolet spectroscopy instruments in China Market share is higher than Agilent, Hitachi, PerkinElmer, etc.; Happily in China's applications, the world's ultraviolet spectroscopy instrument manufacturers accounted for the market in the top 10, China accounted for 4 (40%), which is a very happy phenomenon.
2, Raman spectrometer
While Raman spectroscopy instruments, the current domestic market is not large, but there are nearly 20 in the R & D production of various types of laser Raman spectroscopy instruments. It is in the food and drug, environmental protection and other areas of measurement, quality inspection, etc., will soon reach a certain scale and level.
3, near-infrared spectrometer
From the development of near-infrared spectrometer instrumentation; although the market for near-infrared spectroscopy is very large. However, the brand distribution is relatively decentralized, showing many brands have a certain market share of the situation, and no one has more than 20% market share. However, although the current development of near-infrared is not satisfactory, but, domestic near-infrared product development trend is very good.
4, atomic absorption spectrometer
At present, AAS in the water quality of trace heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, etc.) detection is very much favored by users. For example: Cu in water greater than 1.5mg / L will have a bitter taste; Cu on the coronary heart disease has a great impact; Cu in water exceeds the standard will inhibit the growth of algae, affecting aquaculture; special attention should be paid to the drinking water in the Hg, As, etc. is particularly harmful to human beings, are carcinogenic trace elements.
Why is AAS favored in analytical testing? First, the price is cheap, cost-effective; Second, the operation is relatively simple; Third, higher sensitivity. Therefore, the majority of science and technology workers should pay attention to the development of the application of AAS. Many third-party testing organizations are using AAS in large quantities, the current development is very fast deserves great attention.
In the development and progress of the entire spectroscopic detection instruments, it should be noted in particular that in recent years, China's new spectroscopic instruments continue to emerge. For example: Shanghai Anjie company has the intellectual property rights of the gas phase molecular absorption spectrometer; Nanjing Jianzhi company's portable differential Raman spectrometer; Beijing Xipait's ExR510 laser Raman spectrometer; there are, Changzhou Sheng Aohua company's a variety of new water quality testing spectrometer. In short, China's spectroscopic instrumentation research and development, application of progress is proud and proud.
Two, chromatographic instruments
In terms of domestic chromatographic instruments, gas chromatography (GC) has dozens of production, and the products are more mature, basically meet the requirements of use. For example: Zhejiang Fuli's GC, quality is very good, and foreign counterparts can compete, their HPLC is also developing rapidly; Another example: Dalian's Elite, Shanghai's Tongwei, Wu Feng and other companies have a complete range of products, can meet the use of requirements; Shanghai Tongwei's high-grade chromatography instruments (capillary chromatography, electrochromatography, HPLC, etc.), mainly sold to foreign countries, to the high demands of the research work of foreign countries, the main target of the famous universities, and their products are mainly used for the research work. Famous universities as the main target, their liquid chromatography, electrochromatography are in the international leading position; Shanghai Wufeng company's HPLC, reliability is very good. In short, China's chromatography instrumentation development situation is very good.
1, HPLC instrumentation and its latest progress
Liquid chromatography instrumentation, the development of recent years, especially fast, refreshing. Many analytical work done in the past with ultraviolet spectroscopy, have been changed to HPLC, whether it is drugs, food, medical, health, agriculture, environmental protection and other various fields. Because it can separate, analyze, and detect complex systems, it deserves everyone's attention.
In recent years, the demand for HPLC has soared. China's annual demand for all types of HPLC is more than 10,000 units. The global annual demand is about 5.5 billion dollars or more. At present, in our country, a certain scale of foreign manufacturers and agents have dozens of domestic manufacturers about 20; domestic HPLC favored by foreigners, however, the national superstitious foreign products, puzzling.
However, chromatographic instruments are currently facing three major challenges: high resolution, high separation speed, high sensitivity. Therefore, the current new HPLC instruments continue to emerge. Specifically embodied in:
1) two-dimensional and multi-dimensional HPLC big development: the United States and Japan produced by the nano-escalation of two-dimensional HPLC, a combination of nano-micro-columns and two-dimensional HPLC chromatography, can be directly used for proteomics, genomics research work;
2) the development of capillary and nano-lift HPLC, can be carried out on a micro-column, capillary columns and nano-lift columns of three micro-column liquid phase Chromatography work;
3) Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph (UHPLC ), since 2004 WATERS launched UPLC, JASCO, AGILENT, THERMO-FISHER SCIENTIFIC, SHIMADZU, HITACHI have launched their own ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph. UHPLC each set of about 100,000 U.S. dollars, last year in our country sales of about 1,000 units, *** counted 100 million U.S. dollars!
4) is particularly worth mentioning: Shanghai Tongwei company, in recent years, successfully completed the "pressurized capillary chromatography," the first international, but also completed the "quantitative capillary electrophoresis instrument," also the first international (general capillary electrophoresis instrument, quantitative analysis of the accuracy of very poor). Moreover, the R&D project of "High-efficiency Microfluidic Electrochromatography Instrument and Application" has been listed as a major national 12th Five-Year Plan project by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, and has passed the national acceptance. It can compete with UHPLC, its column efficiency is 10 times higher than UHPLC, and 5 aromatic hydrocarbons can be separated in 5 seconds, which is overall better than UHPLC, and is another international first. I think these performances are worthy of analytical workers to be happy.
2, GC instrumentation and its application of the latest progress
Long-term, GC has been sold for a long time. In recent years, GC demand soared, China's demand reached more than 15,000 units. Especially in the alcohol and other volatile substances analyzed and detected in the use of a very wide range. In addition, in the development of coupled instruments, GC is also a big show, such as GC-IMS (IMS ion mobility spectrometry), GC-MS and so on.
The GC of Zhejiang Fuli, Shanghai Yidian and Beijing East-West Analytical Instrument can meet the requirements of use, and some of them can compete with foreign countries.
Special worth proposing is the chromatographic data processing system, before the 1980s, chromatographic analysis, "one day operation three days to deal with data", small peaks are often only "out of sight"; 90 years since the emergence of chromatographic data processing machine, greatly reducing the workload, but limited functionality. Reduce the workload, but the function is limited; and the current chromatographic workstation not only processing data, more anti-control of the operation of the instrument, chromatographic analysis began to enter the "fool" era; combined with the autosampler, the current chromatographic instruments have stepped into the era of automation or intellectualization. Subsequently, the HP-6890N as a representative of the "network" chromatograph began to popularize, combined with database technology, color - mass spectrometry analysis results will have the convenience of online online search. The GC-9720 instrument of Fuli Company in China has played the concept of "cloud", and the indexes are almost the same as those of HP-6890. Appraisal was highly praised by the experts. From now on, chromatographic analysis is no longer mysterious, complicated and difficult to endure the era of the past.
3, thin-layer scanning chromatography instrumentation and its application of the latest developments
Shanghai Coetzee Instruments is currently the world's thin-layer scanning chromatography instrumentation R & D and production of one of the three major brands; they produce a variety of models of thin-layer scanning chromatography instrumentation, sold to domestic and foreign applications, users reflect the quality and reliability is very good; Coetzee company's newest, the most representative brands are 3500Plus type full-featured thin layer scanning chromatography instrument, is currently the international leader in similar products.
Three, mass spectrometry instruments
At present, there are more than 10 domestic companies in the research and development of MS, ICP-MS, GC-MS and other instruments, but basically there is a certain gap with the foreign counterparts, and we need to work hard to catch up.
For example, although there are already many domestic and foreign ICP-MS manufacturers and products on the market, the vast majority of the market share of ICP-MS is currently divided by Agilent, Thermo Fisher, PerkinElmer three companies.
But it's worth mentioning that Guangzhou WoXin's time-of-flight mass spectrometry is outstanding, and has been sold to the United States and Germany and other developed countries.