He invented the alternator. Later, he founded the Tesla Electric Company, engaged in the production of alternators, motors, transformers, and high-frequency technology research, invented a high-frequency generator and a high-frequency transformer. 1893, he used alternating current at the World's Fair held in Chicago to make a brilliant performance, and he made the "Tesla coil" to prove the advantages and safety of alternating current. He demonstrated the advantages and safety of alternating current with his "Tesla coil".
In 1889, Tesla realized a high-voltage transmission experiment from Colorado Springs to New York in Columbia, USA. From then on, alternating current began to enter the practical stage. Since then, he also engaged in the development of high-frequency electric medical devices, radio broadcasting, microwave transmission of electricity, television broadcasting and so on.
In recognition of his achievements as early as 1896 ~ 1899 to achieve 200 kV, overhead 57.6 m of high-voltage power transmission, and made the famous Tesla coil and in the contribution of alternating current systems, in his centennial (1956), the International Electrotechnical Society decided to use his name as a unit of magnetic susceptibility.
In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of magnetic induction is the tesla [1], abbreviated as T, with the symbol T, which is the SI derived unit of magnetic flux density, or magnetic induction. When a 1 meter long wire perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field is passed through a current of 1 ampere and is subjected to a force of 1 newton from the magnetic field, the magnetic induction at the place where the energized wire is located is 1 tesla. The magnetic induction strength near a general permanent magnet is about 0.4-0.7 Tesla, in the core of motors and transformers, the magnetic induction strength can be up to 0.8-1.4 Tesla, and the magnetic induction strength of strong currents through superconducting materials can be up to 1,000 Tesla, whereas the magnetic induction strength of the geomagnetic field near the ground is only about 0.5*10's -4th power Tesla.
Birth and death
Born July 10, 1856, in Smithsonian, not far from Gus Peters; died January 7, 1943, at the New Yorker Inn, New York.
Educational background
Legend has it that the engineer went to elementary school in Smiljan and Grspich, where he was born, and graduated from high school in Rakowac, Karlovac. In high school, Tesla loved to read, play cards and raise birds. And he kept birds for the rest of his life. At the age of six Nikola Tesla improved an old mill on the Wagnerz River near his home.
After high school, Tesla had cholera for two years, after which, in 1875, against his parents' wish that he should become a priest, he enrolled in the Polytechnic Institute in Graz. Five years later, he was accepted into the Technical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, but for financial reasons, after a year he worked as a design engineer in Budapest. There he took part in the construction of a new telephone center and improved the equipment and sound quality of the telephones.
Tesla biography
On international sites, there is more information about Tesla than can be counted, with more influence than Einstein, creating a unique cultural phenomenon. You can compare the results of a google search for "tesla" and "einsten", tesla has 4,480,000 relevant pages, einsten only 228,000. But Tesla was a very controversial figure internationally, with mixed reviews and even being labeled a pseudo-scientist.
Tesla was one of the few experimental generalists at the turn of the last century, with patents in electromechanical engineering, radio engineering, fluid engineering, cryogenic engineering, geophysics, vacuum technology, aircraft technology, and more. All of Tesla's patents in various countries, including all of his unapproved patents and all of his various inventions with patent value, total more than 700***. Tesla was not only a scientist, dedicated to the unknown natural phenomena that he explored and grasped, but he was also an able craftsman, and some of his experimental achievements, such as the artificial creation of fireballs of lightning, cannot be imitated with the most advanced equipment that is used today. Tesla's most valuable achievements were the discovery of the principle of rotating magnetic fields, the invention of the multiphase AC power supply system and the AC induction motor. His most famous invention was the "Tesla Coil", a distributed-parameter, high-frequency *** vibration transformer that could obtain high-frequency voltages of millions of volts. He was one of the first scientists to make successful fluorescent lamps and to discover and study X-rays, and was the first to discover the ruby laser effect, as well as the point electron microscope effect. Tesla was also the originator of radio remote control, he used resonant circuits to realize the logic principle of the computer "and gate", and was the first to explain the principle of radar, and was the first to receive extraterrestrial radio pulses with his homemade high-sensitivity receivers, detected cosmic rays, and invented a revolutionary blade-less turbine, etc.
Tesla was one of the first scientists to make successful fluorescent lamps and to discover and study X-rays.
The wiring and principles of the Tesla coil are very simple, but it is not easy to adjust it to a perfect **** vibration with the environment, and Tesla was the one who was particularly good at this craft. Tesla later invented the so-called "amplifying transmitter", now called the high-power high-frequency transmission line *** vibration transformer, used for wireless power transmission test. Tesla's wireless power transmission technology is worth a question. Tesla took the earth as an inner conductor, the earth's ionosphere as an outer conductor, through his amplified transmitter, using this amplified transmitter unique radial electromagnetic wave oscillation mode, between the earth and the ionosphere to establish a low-frequency *** vibration of about 8 hertz, the use of the surface electromagnetic waves around the earth to transmit energy. This system is different from the energy transmitting mechanism of modern radio broadcasting, and similar to the relationship between AC generators and transmission lines in the AC power grid, when there is no power receiving end, the transmitter only exchanges reactive energy with the resonant cavities of the earth and sky, and there is only a small amount of active loss in the whole system, whereas in the case of normal radio broadcasting, the energy emitted is all lost in space. Tesla did not have the financial resources to realize this claim in his lifetime. Posterity has fully substantiated the theoretical feasibility of such a scheme, proving that it is not only feasible, but also extremely efficient, ecologically safe, and does not interfere with radio communications. It only involves worldwide energy broadcasting and free access to it, and no one has actually asked for such a proposition under the existing political and economic system.
Tesla had a difficult life, and his achievements were inextricably linked to his courage to take risks, to "be the first", and to follow through, even if it didn't work. His work with extremely high voltages was life-threatening, and he often risked his life in various demonstrations. His best skill was to let millions of volts of high-frequency voltage pass through his body, showing the amazing discharge effect. In the course of his research, he received electric shocks, was exposed to large doses of X-rays, and felt the effects of magnetic storms on the consciousness of life while studying magnetic storm coils, the same intensity of which can cause nearby metal foil to evaporate into thin air. In his later years, he was hit by a cab, but as much as possible, he lived to the age of eighty-six and died alone in a hotel, unmarried for life, devoting his life to the cause of science. When he died, in addition to tons of documents and information, did not leave any property and last words, can be said to come and go unattached, very touching. After Tesla's death, his documents were immediately copied by the U.S. government, and were designated as top secret information, which was refused to be disclosed to the public for national security reasons.
The reason why Tesla was "delisted" in the history of science is that he opposed the theory of relativity and insisted on the traditional view of physics, which was incompatible with the flourishing atomic physics at that time, coupled with the fact that in his later years he lived in seclusion and was unrealistic and impractical, he was not very popular with the orthodox scientific groups, and he was even denounced as a fraud who was practicing charlatanism. He was not well received by the orthodox scientific community, and was even dismissed as a charlatan who practiced charlatanism, and his laboratory was depicted as an eerie medieval alchemist's place with a demonic aura. However, the main reason was that in order to realize his most ambitious ambition, to realize the global revolution of wireless transmission of electricity, he prepared to build the Wodenkliffe broadcasting tower, and then Marconi pre-empted the commercial success of radio, and thus Tesla's plan was dead in the water, and owed a debt to the investor, J.P. Morgan, who, with his economic and political tactics, ordered all the school textbooks in the U.S. to delete the name of Tesla, and thus has been influenced by the fact that he had not been able to get the name of Tesla out of all the school textbooks. Tesla's name, thus having an impact to this day. Later, in recognition of his practical contributions to the alternating current system, the International Electrotechnical Commission named the International System of Units for magnetic induction Tesla.
Tesla is particularly admired internationally, and he has set an example for future generations with his versatile practical achievements, and many people abroad still explore his lost skills. I think this is closely related to the good tendency of the West to emphasize practice. Tesla opposed orthodox theories, and always spoke in terms of ingenious experiments of his own design rather than empty talk about theories; thus, often his interpretation of the results of his own experiments was wrong, but for other scientists, there were often unexpected gains as a result. In today's "organized" society, it is hard to find another Tesla-type character. The high degree of organization in society eliminates the need to be a generalist in every field, and everyone can be successful without struggling or taking risks as long as he or she follows the rules, cooperates well with others, and plays a good role in his or her own small field. Organized modern man's have a hard time identifying with Tesla, and Tesla's modern admirers are mostly those who don't want to follow the rules. Nevertheless, under the discordant tone of "the end of science" within the Western orthodox scientific community, more and more Western scientists are realizing again that practice is the source of science, the bridge between man and nature, and that theory has become so far removed from nature's realities that it is difficult to make progress. So in the West, the claims that Tesla once had are increasingly being taken seriously by the orthodox scientific community, and Tesla's influence can be said to ripple into the future.
Chronology of Tesla's life
1856 - Tesla was born at midnight on July 10th to a family of Serbian clergymen in Smyrna Bay in the province of Lika (Austria).
1875 - 1878 - Studied at the craft school in Graz.
1882 - While walking in a park in Budapest (capital of Hungary), Tesla discovered reversible magnetic fields.
1883 - In Strasbourg he was hired by Edison Continental to build the first model of an induction motor.
1884 - Traveled to the United States to begin working in Edison's laboratory.
1885 - Leaves Edison to start his own company and begin producing polyphase AC motors and generators.
1888 - Gave a presentation at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers on May 16th titled "Alternating Current Transmission and Alternating Current Motor Systems".
1890 - He published results on the physiological effects of high-frequency electricity.
1891 - He made a report entitled "Experiments with very high frequency alternating current and its application to artificial wireless luminescence", and applied for a patent for a "star oscillator for *** vibration transmitters". Patent for "*** Star Oscillator for Vibratory Transmitters".
1892 - came to London, the Royal Academy of Sciences made a report entitled "luminescence and other high-frequency phenomena", the Institute of Electrical Engineers made a "high-voltage high-frequency alternating current experiments "
The first report was made in Paris.
1893 - Attracted public attention at the Chicago World's Fair. He passes a high-frequency current through his body and demonstrates a model of a reversible magnetic field, the so-called "Tesla's spinning iron egg".
1895 - On May 13, Tesla's laboratory in New York City was destroyed by fire.
1897 - He registered 20 patents in the field of radio engineering.
1898 - Registered the technology of wireless control (experiments with remote-controlled automated dinghies in the lake in New York's Central Park, with great success).
1899 - The Niagara hydroelectric power station is built.
1899-1900 - Experiments are conducted in Colorado Springs.
1901-1905 - Wardenclyffe Tower is built on Long Island near New York.
1909-1922 - He registered only mechanical patents (pumps, flow meters, bladeless turbines).
1943 - Tesla died on January 7 at the New York Hotel.
Comments: A genius forgotten by history - the ex-Yugoslavian scientist Tesla
Nikola Tesla. Tesla (Nikola Tesal)
1856~1943 Former Yugoslavia
Tesla was a contemporary inventor of Edison, the unit of magnetic susceptibility is named after him, let's start from the battle between his invention of alternating current and Edison.
Because of his admiration for Edison, Tesla was recommended by Batchelor to join Edison's company in the United States in 1884. Tesla and Edison were naturally incompatible, and there were serious differences between the two of them. Edison focus on practice, is a bit of experience in the groping in the invention of people; Tesla is the kind of focus on the theory of the people, he felt Edison's approach is very stupid, he believes that the experiments must have a theoretical basis to do the foundation, rather than as Edison as light a filament on the more than 1,000 kinds of attempts to do.
At one point, Tesla talked to Edison about several potential reform possibilities for the generator, and Edison scornfully said, "Pay you $50,000 if you can make it." Tesla spent several months experimenting with reforms to the generator, and after putting the reformed attachments into the generator, he was completely successful. When he asked Edison for $50,000, Edison replied, "Tesla, don't you know that we Americans love to joke?" Because Tesla's talent was too prominent, he was repeatedly persecuted by Edison's ostracism, and indignantly resigned from Edison's company.
In 1880, Tesla invented the world's first alternating current generator. He was convinced that alternating current would one day make it possible to supply electricity more widely and at a lower cost. Edison, on the other hand, was too dismissive of the idea to give it serious consideration.
After leaving Edison, Tesla received support from George Westinghouse to finally bring alternating current into practical use, and in 1888, Tesla succeeded in building an alternating current power transmission system. He designed a generator that was simpler and more nimble than a DC generator, and his transformer solved the problems inherent in long-distance power delivery. This undoubtedly dealt a significant blow to the DC power that Edison had so vigorously promoted (Edison was reluctant to pursue other research since he was earning a good income from DC generators at the time).
Edison still realized that there was no doubt that AC could reduce costs, and that attacking AC from an economic standpoint was bound to end in failure. So he worked on other aspects of alternating current. He recognized that in the last part of the 19th century, the public was still fearful of electricity: while it could bring benefits to mankind, it could also kill. So publicizing the dangers of high voltage was the most effective way to mess with the public mind.
So he issued a pamphlet entitled "Beware", which detailed the supposed dangers of alternating current, and described its use as incredibly "wasteful". Edison also attacked the use of alternating current in an article in the North American Weekly titled "The Danger of Electric Light". He said, "An electric light company with which I am in touch has some time ago purchased a patent for a whole system of alternating current. Against this I protested, the contents of which were noted in the company's memorandum. So far I have succeeded in persuading them not to promote such a system to the public, which they would not do today even if I had agreed to do so."
In addition to overwhelming his opponents in public opinion, Edison built a huge laboratory to prove his argument, hiring schoolchildren to go out into the streets and catch kittens, puppies, and other livestock for experiments, brutally electrocuting them under alternating current. He also alienated officials at the New York State Penitentiary and got them to promise to change hanging to electrocution, that is, to electrocution using the alternating current provided by Tesla's patents.On August 6, 1890, a murderer, William Kemmler, died in the alternating current chair at Auburn. Due to inexperience, the charge used by the authorities was so weak that the prisoner was only half electrocuted. According to media reports at the time, this horrific sight was much more gruesome than hanging. Since then, alternating current, which has aroused fear in the minds of many, has become synonymous with death.
However, alternating current proved to have many advantages, so Tesla was not deterred by Edison's barrage of attacks. To change the public's impression of alternating current, he hired Pittsburgh journalist E. H. Heinrichs as his press advisor. Under the arrangement of E. H. Heinrichs, Tesla used electric current through his body to light up electric lamps and even melted electric wires at the press conference of the Chicago Exposition in 1893, which made the journalists present astonished and dumbfounded one by one and achieved great publicity effect. This changed the public's view of alternating current (AC) and brought the world into the AC era.
In 1912, Tesla and Edison were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics at the same time for their contributions to electricity, but both refused to accept the prize on the grounds that they could not bear to share the honor with each other.
In addition to his outstanding achievements in electricity, Tesla's inventions and discoveries in other areas were quite amazing. He devoted his life to the study of nonlinear (i.e., input and output are not proportional) problems, and once said that he could divide the earth into 2. As early as 1912 Tesla proposed, "If the vibration of an object and the resonant frequency of the earth are correctly combined, in a few weeks, it can be caused to move the earth and raise and lower the ground." In 1935, Tesla drilled a deep well in his laboratory and lowered a steel casing into the well. He then plugged the well wellhead and fed vibrations of different frequencies into the well. Amazingly, at specific frequencies, the ground would suddenly vibrate strongly and cause the collapse of surrounding houses. Some magazines of the time commented, "Tesla used an artificially induced earthquake to nearly level New York." This was the famous Tesla experiment. This super-transmission effect of small input and strong output is called the Tesla effect, which is the key to geophysical weapons, so Tesla was also the founder of super-distance weapons.
Not only that, Tesla also invented the Tesla transformer, AC motors, the basis of modern computers, wireless communications, solar energy systems, radar devices, robots, dead light, polygraphs, put forward the concept of electromagnetic radio frequency weapons ... These inventions and discoveries surpassed the science and technology of the time by several eras, and some theories cannot be perfectly answered even by the most advanced science and technology of today. After Tesla's death, the U.S. FBI confiscated all his design drawings and experimental works, and the U.S. military has not stopped researching his papers. This is also more Tesla created a mysterious color.
Although Tesla was born a genius, but fate made people unhappy, Tesla's encounter is more difficult, and his character is more withdrawn, so the later generation's evaluation of him is obviously lower than his historical achievements. Tesla died alone in his hotel in 1943.