We know that although dial-up rates have risen from 14.4Kbps to 56Kbps in just a few years, 56Kbps should be the limit for a typical modem due to the quality of the phone line. To get a faster connection, you have to go through a different route, so in recent years various kinds of broadband access services have appeared one after another.
So what is broadband? In fact, there is no very strict definition, generally to the current dial-up rate of 56Kbps as the upper limit for the demarcation of 56Kbps and the following access is called "narrowband", above the access is categorized as "broadband".
Some people can't help but ask: what about ISDN, is ISDN broadband? ISDN is not broadband? But because it can provide much faster than the general Modem dial-up access services, and there have been a certain number of users, it is necessary to recognize the "earliest broadband-ISDN".
ISDN
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) is a digital telephone link system. ISDN is the earliest accepted form of broadband Internet access, and in addition to its 128Kbps transfer rate, ISDN also allows users to surf the Internet and talk on the phone at the same time. This is a great attraction for users who love to surf the web but also have a lot of phone calls.
Strictly speaking, ISDN can't be considered a popular product to solve the problem of insufficient bandwidth for users to access the Internet, because the fastest transmission rate is only 128Kbps. However, in addition to Internet access, more ISDN users are interested in the simultaneous use of voice and data transmission. Therefore, point-to-point communication is a very popular area for ISDN, such as video conferencing systems for cross-county companies, telemedicine systems for hospitals, and distance learning for schools.
Today's broadband
Today's world is developing rapidly, and the Internet has changed people's lives; the successive introduction of broadband (broadband) technology has greatly improved Internet access speeds, and its irreplaceable role in our network life is also having a greater and greater impact on ------. "The speed of light, the capacity of the sea," this is what broadband has been committed to pursuing. This is the goal that broadband has been striving for this year. So far, the total number of Internet users in China is close to 30 million. China Telecom in accelerating the construction of CHINANET backbone network at the same time, increase the development of fiber-optic high-speed broadband metropolitan area network, from a long-term strategic point of view, to build a complete and unified broadband network platform.
The fiber-optic cable backbone ring of telecommunication metropolitan area network in major cities has been spread all over the city's main arteries and lots, and broadband access nodes have been set up in the main nodes to facilitate users' access to provide users with real-time video-on-demand, network TV, video phone, e-commerce, distance education, network karaoke, telemedicine, remote monitoring and other information services.
The construction and remodeling of broadband network has approached us, while its corresponding product information and sales channels are not satisfactory. This site is so born, this site mainly to introduce you to the technology of broadband, market information. To assist people from all walks of life and enterprises to better utilize the broadband technology, from the slow speed of the Internet to free themselves from the trouble, swim in the global network, faster and better to find information, online video playback, on-demand online video, so that the online video games more freely.
What is broadband? Although the term "broadband" appears frequently in the media, it is rare to see a precise definition of the term. In general, broadband is relative to traditional dial-up Internet access, although there is no uniform standard for broadband bandwidth should reach how much, but based on popular habits and network multimedia data traffic considerations, the network data transfer rate should be at least 256Kbps to be called broadband, the biggest advantage is that the bandwidth is far more than 56Kbps dial-up mode.
Chatting, downloading, online gaming, online education, and accessing the latest information are just a few of the many ways in which the Internet can enrich your experience. On the other hand, the continuous enrichment of Internet applications makes us more and more aware of the importance of having sufficient network bandwidth and Internet accessibility, and the traditional MODEM dial-up Internet access, regardless of speed or cost, is no longer able to satisfy the needs of a variety of applications, so what should we do? In fact, each of our users are faced with a variety of broadband solutions, but how to choose? What is the difference between various broadband? Even how to enjoy broadband with friends***? These are all issues of great concern. For this reason, in response to this type of popular demand for the issue, we have specially produced this topic, from which you will not only understand the most popular broadband technology, but also learn to choose the most suitable for your broadband access.
What broadband access options are around?
Despite the emergence of DDN leased line, ISDN and other network access methods in previous years, but due to the cost and rate of a number of reasons have not been successful in popularizing. Currently, there are three main broadband access methods that you can consider - Telecom ADSL, FTTX+LAN (cellular broadband) and CABLE MODEM (cable). These three broadband access methods are very different in terms of installation conditions, required equipment, data transmission rate and related costs, which directly determines the different broadband access methods suitable for different users to choose.
Access Method 1 :Telecom ADSL
In order to make it easier for the public to recognize ADSL (known as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), the local telecommunication bureaus often use some nice names to promote ADSL, such as "Super One Line", "Networking", "Networking", and so on. "The company's main goal is to provide a broadband service that can be utilized in a wide range of applications.
Installation:
In terms of ease of installation, Telecom ADSL undoubtedly has a unique advantage, ADSL can directly utilize the existing telephone lines, through the ADSL MODEM after the digital information transmission. Therefore, all the users who have installed telecom phones have the basic conditions for installing ADSL (as long as the local telecom office opens ADSL broadband service), then the user can go to the local telecom office to check whether the phone number can be installed ADSL, and can apply for the installation after getting a positive answer (in general, the telecom will judge whether the distance between your phone and the nearest room is more than 3km, and if more than that, then it can't be installed). ). For installation, users need to have an ADSL MODEM (usually provided by Telecom, or purchased in some areas) and a computer with a network card.
Transmission Rate:
While the maximum theoretical uplink rate of ADSL can reach 1Mbps, and the downlink rate can reach 8Mbps, the actual rate provided by the domestic telecom for ordinary home users is mostly 512Kbps downlink, and there are very few areas that provide downlink speed of 1Mbps or even more. It is worth noting that the transmission rate here is the user's exclusive bandwidth, so there is no need to worry about multiple users using ADSL at the same time will result in slower Internet speed. In addition, the telecom will often use ADSL "speed up" as the focus of publicity, we should understand that the "speed up" mentioned here usually refers to the downstream rate, while the upload rate is still unchanged.
Advantages:
Stable work, less chance of failure, once the fault can be timely contact with the telecom (such as dialing the phone number 1000), usually get technical support and troubleshooting quickly.
Telecom will offer monthly packages at different prices to provide more choices for users.
With exclusive bandwidth and public IP, users can set up websites, FTP servers or game servers.
Drawbacks:
ADSL rate is slow, take 512Kbps bandwidth for example, the maximum download actual rate is about 87KB/s, even if upgraded to 1M bandwidth, it can only reach more than a hundred KB.
The quality of the telephone line requires high quality, and if the quality of the telephone line is not good, it is easy to cause the ADSL work is unstable or disconnected.
Access Method 2: Cellular Broadband (FTTX+LAN)
This is one of the more popular broadband access methods in large and medium-sized cities, where the network service provider uses fiber optic access to the building (FTTB) or the cell (FTTZ), and then accesses the user's home through the network cable to provide ****-enjoyable bandwidth for the whole building or the cell (usually 10Mb/s). Several companies in China currently offer this type of broadband access, such as Netcom, Great Wall Broadband, Unicom and Telecom.
Installation conditions:
This kind of broadband access is usually applied for by the community, and the ISPs do not accept personal service. Users can ask the property management of the neighborhood where they live or directly ask the local network service provider if the broadband has been opened in the neighborhood. This access method requires minimal equipment from the user, only a computer with a 10/100Mbps adaptive network card is needed.
Transmission rates:
At present, most neighborhood broadband is 10Mbps*** bandwidth, which means slower speeds if there are more users online at the same time. Even so, the average download speed in most cases is still much higher than Telecom ADSL, reaching several hundred KB/s, which gives it a big advantage in terms of speed.
Advantages:
Lower initial installation cost (usually between 100 and 300 RMB, depending on the region), very fast download speeds, usually up to hundreds of KB/s, which is ideal for users who need to download files frequently, and no limitations on slow upload speeds.
Drawbacks:
Since this kind of broadband access is mainly for neighborhoods, individual users cannot apply for it on their own, and must wait until the number of neighborhood users reaches a certain number before they can apply for installation to the network service provider, which is more inconvenient. However, once the neighborhood has been enabled for cellular broadband, the waiting time from application to installation is very short. In addition, it is up to the network operator to decide which company's broadband service is to be used in each neighborhood, and there is no choice for the user.
Most neighborhood broadband uses internal IP addresses, which is not convenient for applications that require the use of a public IP (such as setting up websites, FTP servers, playing online games, etc.).
Because of the bandwidth **** enjoy, once the number of people on the Internet in the community is large, in the peak period of Internet access will become very slow, and even worse than ADSL.
Access Method 3: Cable
Some places are also referred to as the "radio and television", which is a completely different way with the previous two, which is a direct way to use the existing cable TV network, and the existing cable TV network, and to use the existing cable TV network, and to use the existing cable TV network, and to use the existing cable TV network, and to use the existing cable TV network. The use of the existing cable TV network, and a little transformation, you can use a closed-circuit cable channel for data transmission, without affecting the original cable TV signal transmission, the theoretical transmission rate can reach up 10Mbps, down 40Mbps.
Installation conditions:
Currently, the opening of the domestic cable through the city is not yet much, mainly concentrated in Shanghai and Guangzhou and other large cities. big cities. Before installation, users can ask the local cable network company if they can open the Cablecom service. For equipment, you need a Cable MODEM and a computer with a 10/100Mbps adaptive network card.
Transmission Rate:
Despite the high theoretical transmission rate, a neighborhood or a building usually only has a 10Mbps bandwidth, which is also ****-enjoyable. With fewer users, download rates can reach 200-300KB/s.
Benefits:
The biggest benefit is that you don't need to dial up, and you'll always be online when you turn on your computer.
Disadvantages:
There are not many areas with wired connections, and they are not popular enough. Due to the bandwidth *** enjoyment, the speed will drop when the number of Internet users increases. Initial installation cost is high, such as Shanghai initial installation fee of 580 yuan.
Two, which one should I choose?
The three mainstream broadband access methods have their own characteristics, so how should users choose?
Users should first consider what is the greatest need for broadband installation. Generally speaking, it can be divided into the following categories: First, the need to download a large amount of multimedia materials, data files; second, the need to play online games for a long time; third, no special preference, ordinary network applications may try; fourth, the need to set up a Web site, FTP servers or game servers.
After determining the type of application, users need to consider what broadband options are available for their living environment. Generally speaking, as long as the user has a telephone at home basically can open ADSL (provided that the local telecommunications has provided this service), while the cell broadband and cable through depending on the specific area, you can check in advance.
The first group of users is very concerned about the download speed of the network, should be the first to consider the community broadband or cable, ADSL download speed for them is a terrible nightmare; the second group of users is valued for the stability of the broadband service, while the download speed is second (512Kbps ADSL speed can fully meet the bandwidth needs of online games). In this regard, Telecom ADSL has a unique advantage, because many online game servers are provided by Telecom to ensure stability. The third category of users can be based on the actual situation in the local area, from the price, the convenience of the installation of a comprehensive consideration. First of all, consider installing community broadband or cable through, if they can not only install ADSL. the fourth category of users need a stable public IP address, the installation of a variety of local broadband services need to first understand the actual situation. Generally speaking, the telecom ADSL are using public IP, but the use of PPPoE dial-up method for dynamic IP, this time you can consider choosing a static IP address to access the service or borrowing software to bind the IP address. The cellular broadband and cable through the use of intranet IP, not suitable for such users (but the exception of individual areas of the cellular broadband, the user needs to understand the details of the local network service provider).
Three, feel the domestic big city broadband service
Shanghai (text/wuyun)
ADSL, cellular broadband and wired through the three mainstream broadband access methods have been put into use in Shanghai on a large scale, involving service providers including Shanghai Telecom, the Great Wall broadband, wired through and Netcom.
1. Telecom ADSL
Except for Chongming Island, all areas of the city, including suburban counties, can apply for ADSL installation, with the latest initial installation fee adjusted to 630 yuan, and bandwidths ranging from 512Kbps to 2Mbps available. A limited monthly subscription is also available for limited use.
The recent incentives for consumers to get a lot of benefits, not only the initial installation fee is significantly reduced, the limited monthly subscription system for the original use of traditional MODEM Internet users more tempting. In addition, the 1,300 yuan prepayment for one year of ADSL is also very compelling, and users may want to consider it if they are sure they will be using ADSL for a long time. It is also worth mentioning that Shanghai Telecom's Tianyitong (i.e., Wi-Fi wireless Internet access) has also offered incentives in the recent past. Users who install it together with ADSL are exempted from the initial installation fee, and only need to pay a monthly rental fee of 20 yuan.
2. Cablecom
Cablecom has recently made significant changes to its initial installation fees. In the past, the initial installation required a total of $940 for the installation fee plus a 3-month rental fee***, which is now reduced to $780. If you pay a one-time 10-month usage fee of $1200 can be used for 1 year. The monthly fee for Cablecom is 120 yuan for 1Mbps bandwidth, and if you pay 1,200 yuan in advance you can have unlimited Internet access for a year.
Wiretone, although it claims unlimited 1Mbps monthly subscription, must take into account the number of users in the neighborhood. Despite the claim that each user 1Mbps bandwidth, but the total bandwidth is still *** enjoy, that is to say, if an area with too many users, each user still can not enjoy the 1Mbps bandwidth. Many neighborhoods are already facing this bottleneck.
3. Cellular broadband
Compared with ADSL and Cablecom, Netcom and Great Wall Broadband have long used incentives to attract consumers. Both use FTTB+LAN access, the former costs RMB 280 for installation and offers a variety of options including unlimited and limited monthly subscriptions, while Great Wall broadband access costs even as little as RMB 180, but only unlimited monthly subscriptions are available, with a monthly fee of RMB 60 or 100 (depending on the area).
What's especially noteworthy is that Shanghai Netcom's current network outlets don't seem to be working well, with many netizens saying they are too slow, while the Great Wall is considered to be the fastest way to access broadband at the moment. In addition, Shanghai Telecom also provides cellular broadband services in some areas. The charging measures for this type of access are similar to those of ADSL, which also offers the same monthly package and charges, although the initial installation fee has been reduced to 500 yuan, and there is also a corresponding discount period.
Beijing (w/ Totti & Batti)
Beijing's broadband access services developed earlier, with China Telecom taking a larger share of the market and a number of other firms taking the rest. Currently Beijing's broadband service providers mainly include Beijing Communications Corporation, Great Wall Broadband and Beifang Broadband Network. In terms of access methods, Beijing Communications Corporation exclusively provides ADSL, while the rest provide cellular Ethernet access.
1. ADSL access
In Beijing, ADSL has a high reputation, and Telecom has given it the catchy name of "Super One Line" for civilian publicity.
Access fees: the original ordinary phone with an ADSL line or a new phone installed at the same time installed ADSL, a one-time access fee and material costs of 300 yuan, complimentary ADSL MODEM. ISDN line converted to ADSL, the same initial installation fee.
Usage charges: Beijing does not provide monthly unlimited ADSL service, but uses hourly rate, and the exceeding part needs to be calculated according to the normal billing method.
Overall, Beijing's ADSL service is monotonous, with bandwidth only sufficient for "quasi-broadband" standards, and high usage fees, inflexibility, and the lack of an unlimited monthly subscription service are a cause for concern.
2. Cellular Ethernet access
Beijing's cellular Ethernet broadband access services are currently provided by the following companies:
● Beijing Communications Company
Access fees: Cellular users are charged a one-time connection fee of 300 yuan, and a few high-end neighborhoods do not charge this fee.
Usage fee: time-limited monthly and unlimited monthly
Access bandwidth: 10Mbps*** enjoyable bandwidth
●Great Wall Broadband
Access fee: Installation and debugging fee of 100RMB
Usage fee: Includes time-charging, small monthly and monthly packages.
Hourly fee: Within 50 hours of Internet access in a month, the fee is RMB 3/hour. For more than 50 hours in a month, the cost is RMB 2/hour.
Small monthly packages: 50 RMB, limited to 20 hours; 80 RMB, limited to 40 hours; 100 RMB, limited to 60 hours. For annual payment, you will receive 2 months of the same standard monthly network.
Monthly package: 150 yuan per month, the payment time is divided into quarterly, half-yearly, one year, two years, three years. Semi-annual payment or more options have corresponding policies.
Access bandwidth:10Mbps*** enjoy
In addition, Great Wall Broadband's value-added services do better, and there is also a specialized broadband service platform - "Changwidth Dream Network", with a wide range of broadband value-added services to choose from.
3. Founder Broadband Network (commonly known as Founder Broadband):
Access fee: The one-time access fee is 600 yuan.
Use Fee:150 RMB per month.
Access bandwidth:10Mbps*** enjoyable bandwidth
After comparing, Great Wall Broadband's access fee is less, the charge is flexible, and the access service is richer. And Beijing Communication Company's cellular broadband costs are not dominant, but better known. In contrast, the popularity of Founder's broadband lags far behind the first two. cable MODEM is extremely low in Beijing, and few users use it. Overall, broadband rates and usage in Beijing are not yet ideal, with a lack of competition and dominance by a single player.
Guangzhou (Wen/Fei Xue)
Guangzhou's broadband network is developing rapidly, with ADSL, cable and cellular broadband all becoming popular one after another.
1. Telecom ADSL
ADSL has become the first choice for broadband network access in Guangzhou due to its convenient installation and stable speed. In addition, Telecom holds some favorable activities from time to time, which further attracts new users.
ADSL is very easy to install, and the peak download speed can be up to about 250KB/s. In addition, Telecom has opened the SkyTone service on the basis of ADSL to provide wireless network access service, and launched many preferential policies, such as installing ADSL and SkyTone at the same time, you can enjoy 150 RMB monthly unlimited time and free ADSL MODEM offers.
2. Community Broadband
At present, more and more communities in Guangzhou have adopted Great Wall Broadband network access. Great Wall Broadband offers monthly subscription, unlimited time and prepayment system. The corresponding tariffs are shown in the table above right.
Great Wall Broadband provides 10Mbps*** enjoyable bandwidth, if the number of people on the Internet in the neighborhood is small, the speed is very fast (download rate can be up to several hundred KB), but the user's neighborhood must already have Great Wall Broadband wiring, otherwise you can't open the service as you like.
3.Cable MODEM
Guangzhou has a high penetration rate of Cable MODEM, and the tariffs are relatively inexpensive, including two types of charges: Class A (full monthly system): unlimited traffic flow, unlimited hours of use, 100 yuan/month. Initial users are charged an installation fee of 200 yuan, and the first installment must be prepaid information fee of 600 yuan. In other words, 6 months' tariffs must be delivered at one time to be used; Class B: (Monthly subscription system): limited to a total of less than or equal to 30 hours of Internet access in the same month, RMB 50/month. The portion of the monthly cumulative total of more than 30 hours is calculated at $1.5 per hour to increase the charge, and the total monthly cost is capped at $150. Initial users are charged an installation fee of 200 yuan, and the first installment is required to pay an information fee of 600 yuan, which is a one-time payment of four months of tariffs.
Since Cablecom is widely available in Guangzhou, Cable MODEMs can usually be installed, but like Great Wall Broadband, it uses ****-enjoyed bandwidth, so network speeds will drop during peak hours. The overall speed is slightly slower than Great Wall Broadband and slightly faster than ADSL.
Chongqing (文/舒 畅)
1. ADSL
ADSL is the broadband access method with high penetration rate in Chongqing. In addition to Chongqing Telecom's ADSL, Chongqing Unicom has also opened ADSL broadband service, but it is only suitable for those who have Unicom's fixed-line phone installed, and its penetration rate is inferior to that of Telecom's ADSL.
●Telecom's ADSL <
Between May 15 and July 31, 2003, Chongqing Telecom launched the "Broadband Journey" promotion, which costs users 388 yuan to install ADSL (a one-time payment of 138 yuan for the MODEM fee and 250 yuan for the account opening fee), and monthly tariffs can be selected from different levels of service. At present, Chongqing Telecom provides two access rates of 512Kbps and 1Mbps for users to choose from, and provides three different tariffs for residential users: hourly, monthly and hourly, which is very flexible and can meet the needs of different users.
In addition, if users pay a one-time fee of 10 months (account opening fee of 250 yuan), they will receive a free ADSL MODEM worth about 500 yuan and one year of broadband access service at the corresponding tariff level.
●Unicom ADSL
Compared with Telecom ADSL, Unicom ADSL is smaller in size and number of users, but it is convenient for those who use Unicom fixed line. The initial installation fee of Chongqing Unicom ADSL is 250 RMB, and ADSL MODEM needs to be purchased on its own. Unicom provides a monthly service of 512Kbps bandwidth for residential users, with a monthly fee of 100 RMB; and a monthly fee of 2,000 to 2,500 RMB if a fixed IP address is used for accessing the service.
2. Cellular Broadband
Currently, cellular broadband in Chongqing has become another broadband access method second only to ADSL in terms of popularity. The service providers offering cellular broadband mainly include Netcom, Unicom, Telecom FTTB+LAN and Changwang, but usually a cell can only choose one of the service providers, and the users in the cell can't choose on their own. At present, Chongqing Netcom has a large market share, and many neighborhoods are served by Netcom cabling.
●Chongqing Netcom
Netcom billing is more flexible, in addition to the common monthly system, but also according to the actual need to choose the package time service.
●Chongqing Unicom
The initial installation fee is 250 RMB, and the monthly fee is 100 RMB for 10Mbps*** bandwidth.
●Telecom FTTB+LAN
Initial installation fee is 350 RMB, monthly subscription fee is 100 RMB, 10Mbps*** bandwidth
●Great Wall Broadband
Great Wall Broadband also provides monthly subscription service only, with an initial installation fee of 260 RMB and a monthly subscription fee of 100 RMB/month, 10Mbps*** bandwidth. If a user pays a one-time fee of 500 RMB for 5 months of internet usage, he/she can access the internet for another month for free; if he/she pays a one-time fee of 1,000 RMB for 10 months of internet usage, he/she can access the internet for another 2 months for free.
(Note: As the price of broadband services may vary from place to place, the tariffs mentioned in this article are for reference only, subject to the actual cost in your local area).