Medical dispute refers to the occurrence of health care, preventive health care, medical cosmetology and other legal qualification of medical enterprises and institutions, one party (or more than one party) that the other party (or more than one party) parties to the provision of medical services or the performance of legal and contractual obligations in the presence of negligence, resulting in the actual consequences of the damage, should bear the responsibility for the breach of contract or tort liability, but the two parties (or more than one party) to the disputed facts recognized differently, arguing with each other, disagreeing with each other, and the situation. However, the two (or more) parties have different understanding of the disputed facts, argue with each other, and disagree with each other. In recent years, medical disputes from time to time disputes, what is the main reason for the occurrence of medical disputes? Causes of medical dispute litigation, summarized in the following five aspects: 1. Medical personnel with poor medical ethics, the performance of which are: (1) in the process of diagnosis and treatment, medical personnel to the patient irresponsible, hard attitude, lack of compassion. For example, patients come to see the emergency room, some nurses on duty do not ask about the condition, do not make a pre-screening, greedy for the convenience of their own work excuses to excuse that the emergency room "is very busy", calling the patient to register to see the outpatient clinic. The patient has no choice but to go to the outpatient clinic. But the patient is suffering from the disease, the heart muttered, accusing the medical staff of his (her) lack of sympathy. Afterwards, the condition of the patient shows that if the patient is indeed delayed due to the delay in seeking medical treatment and the adverse consequences, this constitutes the cause of medical disputes. Another example is when a patient suffers from acute appendicitis complicated by perforation and intestinal adhesions after surgery, at which point some patients will accuse medical staff of not being able to casually refuse emergency and night visits. (2) patients or family members in the complaint, always hope that the doctor to pay full attention, listen carefully to the condition, in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. But some doctors that is manifested as careless, seem to listen to non-listening, or while seeing the patient and the side chatting, or even joking, work is not serious. If the patient has a disease and the doctor did not find in time (such as complaints of headache, the doctor as a general headache, but later diagnosed as intracranial tumors after examination); or will be a serious disease into a light disease (such as epidemiological spinal meningitis early, epidemic encephalitis early misdiagnosis of influenza, myocardial infarction misdiagnosed as a general chest pain, etc.); or the prognosis of the critically ill patients did not say clearly to the family in advance, etc., once the patient died or left serious sequelae, the family of the deceased, the natural and the family. Once the patient died or left serious sequelae, the family will naturally accuse the doctor of irresponsibility, the doctor did not pay attention to the patient's complaints and the consequences. It has been reported that because of the failure to listen to the family's complaints, the uterus of pregnancy was treated as a fibroid tumor, and diabetes mellitus was not healed after surgery. With the development of science and technology, people's demand for medical knowledge has increased, and patients' understanding of their own diseases is also increasing, and some of them will put forward a variety of opinions and requests for diagnosis. Such as older people, due to frequent abdominal pain, the cause is unknown; or suffering from chronic hepatitis due to long-term intermittent pain in the liver area will be put forward to check the requirements of cancer. If the doctor is dismissive of this opinion, or even impatiently ask back, "Is there so much cancer?" "If you mention this test and that test, are you the doctor or am I the doctor?" The patient is even sarcastic and bitter, and of course, the patient is very disgusted and angry in his heart. In medical litigation cases, there are sometimes coincidental examples of accidents. Some patients suffered from chronic hepatitis and later developed liver cancer. A patient with unexplained abdominal pain was later found to have cancer of the internal organs. In such cases, the patient will accuse the doctor of ignoring the patient's reminder and being pretentious, resulting in misdiagnosis, and demand that the doctor be held responsible. Their feelings should be understood. From medical analysis, there is no causal relationship between the patient's cancer and the doctor's service attitude, but the doctor's service attitude is bad and the doctor's words leave no room for error, resulting in the doctor being trapped in a passive position of being condemned. (3) Some doctors are very dragging. Patients require rapid hospitalization, timely rescue, and some doctors show dilly-dallying, it is the "acute shock" met "slow Langzhong". If the condition deteriorates, or in the process of medication, a serious reaction occurs, the rescue is not timely or rescue in the master teacher was not present, or did not catch the best time to rescue, the patient died, the family out of the deceased's salvation, hope, regret, and other psychological factors, and will therefore turn against the condemnation of the doctor. Poor medical ethics, despite the medical profession, the community has been exposed and criticized, but at present in the medical, nursing work is still widespread, it is the most common cause of medical disputes. Therefore, comprehensively improve the quality of medical personnel is the key to prevent and control the occurrence of errors and accidents. Improve the quality of medical personnel, mainly from the cultivation of medical ethics and business ability to cultivate two aspects. The key to improve the business ability of medical personnel lies in the continuous learning of theory and business and practicing the basic skills. Medical ethics require medical personnel to treat medical work with a highly conscientious and responsible attitude, strictly abide by the medical system and operating procedures, wholeheartedly serve the people, to overcome the indifference to patients, sloppy work attitude, so that medical personnel know the importance of kindness, patience, consideration, Xiang, the spirit of life-saving, but also to understand the patient's psychology, willingness to sympathize with the patient and do a good job of explaining the work based on acceptance of certain reasonable views and requests of the patient, and to improve the quality of medical staff. The patient some reasonable opinions and requirements, it can not only improve the medical effect but also can avoid accidents and disputes. On the contrary, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of medical disputes. Although medical ethics is intangible, it can be experienced and perceived by every medical staff engaged in clinical work. Patient Liu, male, 22 years old, worker. After being recognized as suffering from hepatitis B in our factory hospital, he asked the doctor not to tell others about the diagnosis. He was afraid of alienation and discrimination from his coworkers after the isolation treatment, and he was even more worried that his female friend, whom he had known for a short time, would break off her romantic relationship with him because of this. The doctor, after much consideration, promised the patient not to disclose it to others for the time being, but asked the patient to hurry up the treatment and pay attention to recuperation, or else he would be responsible for the consequences. From the Hippocratic Oath, which states, "I am willing to keep secret whatever I have seen or heard, with or without a business relationship, which I believe should be kept secret," to the modern Geneva Protocol on Medical Ethics, which states, "I will honor all those who have been entrusted to me," the importance of patient confidentiality is recognized as a key principle. Patient confidentiality is recognized as an important code of medical ethics. This is so because it is necessary to safeguard the patient's interests and respect his or her right to privacy, as well as to establish a good doctor-patient relationship. However, the ethical relationship in medical activities is not limited to this, there are other medical interpersonal ethical relationships such as the relationship between doctors and people, and the relationship between medicine and society. Therefore, when medical personnel keep patients' privacy or treatment information confidential, they should comprehensively consider all kinds of medical ethical relationships, especially when the patient's needs are in conflict with the interests of others and the interests of society, they should consider them carefully and exercise caution. We believe that when the patient needs reasonable, that is, the patient's privacy does not involve the interests of others and society, medical personnel should unconditionally adhere to the principle of patient confidentiality; when the patient's needs are unreasonable, that is, to meet the patient's needs will inevitably jeopardize the health interests of others and the community, medical personnel should be in the interests of others and the interests of society as a prerequisite. Otherwise, the principle of patient confidentiality is emphasized, it may be an unethical behavior. According to the social health interests is the highest judgment standard for patient confidentiality, for the above case Liu put forward confidentiality requirements doctors should not be given to meet. Because in this kind of doctor-patient interaction, for the patient, its personal privacy is not purely personal privacy, its personal needs are not reasonable patient health needs, its so-called "worry" is not based on the exact, is only subjective imagination. Therefore, whether from the patient's health interests, or focusing on the interests of the social population, doctors should tell the diagnosis of the patient unit and family, and strive for their cooperation, to take isolation measures to promote the early recovery of the patient.2. Dereliction of duty at work dereliction of duty refers to negligence in the work of negligence, or negligence caused by the malfeasance of the situation. For example: using the wrong medicine, playing the wrong needle, transfusing the wrong blood, prescribing the wrong knife, or leaving gauze and other foreign objects in the body cavity after surgery. Female, 59 years old, admitted to the hospital with the following diagnosis: chronic bronchitis a emphysema, pulmonogenic heart disease heart failure of the third degree, respiratory failure. Implemented light quantum therapy, considering the patient can not move, take the bedside blood draw and then back to the infusion of the way to carry out. When puncture blood extraction only 10ml or so, the patient suddenly appeared cardiac arrest, after rescue failed to die. Case analysis: the patient's chronic disease many times in hospital treatment, this time the condition is very serious, due to the limitations of the conditions, can not be ventilator treatment. After several days of deliberation by the doctor, in order to be able to improve the patient's hypoxia, decided to try on the light quantum. Analyze the cause of death in this medical record, should be sudden cardiac death. The reason for the dispute was that the significance of the treatment was explained to the patient and his family only half an hour before the treatment was carried out, and the family could not understand the sudden event. The choice of a treatment depends on whether it is necessary to take or between the two; whether the patient is actively seeking or willing to accept or the doctor's subjective choice, should be combined with the patient's general condition and its tolerance level to comprehensively analyze and make a decision. For important tests, treatments, the use of drugs to the patient or family members to account for the consent can be implemented, just as some medical activities must fulfill the guardian's signature procedures, which is a medical management procedures. This is not only to protect the legitimate rights and interests of doctors, but also to ensure the normal order of medical care. This case gives us the lesson that: should be earlier to the patient and his family to treat the problem; and more importantly, for a patient who has been dying in the choice of treatment methods how to be more careful. Female, 38 years old, married, diagnosed with early pregnancy undergoing abortion curettage. The operator fails to find definitive chorionic tissue and asks the supervising physician to scrape again still not sure. About the next day ultrasound examination, the report for the uterine cavity abnormal echoes: ① accumulation of blood; ② residue is not excepted. Afterwards, she was given the traditional Chinese medicine "Qinggong yuyu tang" for oral treatment. On the third day after taking the medicine, the patient was admitted to the hospital for surgery in case of hemorrhagic shock of ectopic pregnancy, which was confirmed to be a ruptured pregnancy with bleeding in the narrow part of the fallopian tube, and the blood in the abdominal cavity reached more than 2000 milliliters. Case analysis: the patient's pregnancy diagnosis is undoubtedly, the choice of termination of pregnancy scraping surgery is no error, because there is no difference between intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy early clinical manifestations and physical symptoms. Modern ultrasound diagnostic technology for no complications of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis rate is also very low. The question is how to recognize the condition, analyze the condition, and truthfully explain the condition analysis to the patient when no chorionic tissue is found by the operations of two doctors at the upper and lower levels. Often, the chances of making a diagnosis of tubal pregnancy before complications arise are small, but the danger of such complications to the patient is so great that it reminds our doctors of the importance of communicating the analysis of the condition and what might go wrong in the next step of treatment. This is precisely the lesson of the case. In dealing with this kind of dispute, we often hear doctors complaining that we have thought of these problems and have done the necessary tests and confirmations. But whether from the point of view of scientific rigor or legal seriousness, they are pursuing the final conclusion and basis, as for what is in your head they do not care. Medical treatment as a rigorous natural science, a variety of medical documents may become the final legal basis, many of our doctors do not pay enough attention to this. 3. technical reasons for some diseases, early symptoms are not obvious, atypical, the doctor in the diagnosis of negligence; or lack of awareness of some rare diseases, do not know the diagnostic method that leads to a misdiagnosis; or on the severity of some diseases to know Insufficient, and did not foresee that the condition will suddenly change and death, so did not explain to the family in advance, the family lack of ideological preparation, in this case, the patient's sudden death will cause medical disputes, should be awarded for technical reasons. Farmer Zhu Moumou, male, 27 years old. On May 28, 1988, he went to the village health office with right abdominal pain for 24 hours. Village doctor Cheng Mou received: t37.8 ℃, heart and lungs (a), abdominal muscle tension, right lower abdomen obvious pressure pain and rebound pain, did not check other items, diagnosed with appendicitis, decided to local surgical treatment. At 1:00 p.m. on the same day, Cheng Mou own numbness waist knife, by a temporary worker lab technician as an assistant. Lasted 2 hours, did not find the appendix, off the abdominal cavity, and then for conservative treatment, the 7th day to remove the stitches, the wound healed in one stage and was discharged. The next day, the patient due to abdominal pain and high fever and to the health office for observation, symptomatic treatment for 30 hours, abdominal pain, symptoms of poisoning, and transfer to the county people's hospital for hospitalization. Because of the critical condition, by the family's request and transferred to the city people's hospital, hospitalized for nearly two months. He was discharged from the hospital with the diagnosis of peritonitis and intestinal adhesion. The chemical fee was more than 3,000 yuan. The family petitioned several times, that the village doctor improper disposal, delayed the condition, resulting in physical and mental pain, huge chemical costs, and demanded to be held accountable for its responsibility to compensate for the losses. Surgical patients with acute onset, most of them are in critical condition, most of them have to be operated as the main means of treatment, and also have to fight for every second. Rash choice of surgical program, regardless of the conditions of the knife in violation of the operating norms, how to ensure the safety and effectiveness? According to the survey: this safe patient consultation when the doctor lightly asked a few words, casually touched a few times, it was concluded that acute appendicitis, the need for surgery. As for whether this is the best choice, what will be the near-term results, how the long-term effect, according to Dr. Cheng said he did not even think about that much, he considered is through the operation can expand the influence of the visibility, increase revenue. From personal interests, he disregarded the rural small health room drugs, equipment, technology and other conditions, no surgical foundation of the temporary workers pulled on stage as an assistant, the two pounded two hours even appendix are not found; disregard for the patient's safety, to save lives as a child's play, surgical risk and increase the patient's pain, these are violations of ethical behavior, should be reprimanded and held accountable for their responsibilities. The patient in this case left sequelae of intestinal adhesions, if the country doctor at first respected the objective conditions, not so unselfconscious, reckless, can completely avoid this adverse effect. Therefore, the choice of the best surgical program, the decision, is the embodiment of high medical ethics. Surgical program may have a variety of options, choose which program, their competence, how to deal with unforeseen circumstances, should be taken into account, but the main thing is still to be all from the patient's interests, in order to relieve the pain of the disease, to save people's lives, to restore health, to maintain the function of the organism for the purpose. At the same time, attention should also be paid to avoid increasing the burden of the patient and society in the process of treating the disease, which should pay attention to the patient's psychology, surgical effect, and should not ignore the economic burden. Only with such prudent, thorough and careful consideration will the patient truly benefit and the doctor fulfill his moral responsibility. It should also be pointed out here that surgical procedures can generally achieve immediate results, but most of the current rural health centers do not have the conditions to carry out surgical procedures is obviously inappropriate. China's policy stipulates that the role of rural doctors is only to provide primary medical care (treating minor injuries and illnesses), such as preventive health care, and their training is simply not sufficient to perform surgery, so rural doctors cannot perform surgery on patients. Female, 48 years old. She was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain for 2 months after local excision of duodenal adenocarcinoma. she had low back pain and epigastric pain for 2 months. x-ray barium meal examination suspected an occupying lesion in the descending proximal portion of the duodenum. Duodenoscopy revealed a bulge in the descending part of the duodenum with a diameter of about 1 cm, and biopsy pathology reported chronic changes in the duodenal mucosa. During the dissection, it was found that the duodenal bulb was displaced, and a hard nodule of the size of a finger could be touched in the lower part of the descending part, which was considered to be a recurrence of the tumor. The duodenum, pancreatic head and gastric sinus were resected and double trocar drainage was placed. Postoperatively, pancreatic fistula and abdominal infection occurred, and he died of toxic shock. Male, adult. He was admitted to the hospital with a right upper abdominal mass for 2 months. During caesarean section, the pancreatic head cancer was mistakenly separated as a common mass, and the pancreatic neck, common bile duct, and superior mesenteric vein were resected due to adhesion and unclear anatomical relationship; although compensatory surgery was done during the operation, he died of toxic shock due to stasis and necrosis of intestinal tubes. Female, 62 years old. She underwent radical resection for pancreatic head cancer. During the operation, the lower end of the common bile duct was found to be completely infarcted, and because the posterior wall of the common bile duct was adherent to the anterior wall of the portal vein, the portal vein was cut off when the common bile duct was separated and the portal vein was clamped in the middle of the common bile duct. At that time, a small artery was found to bleed, which was thought to be hepatic artery bleeding and was ligated. The portal vein was anastomosed end to end to restore blood flow to the liver. Thirteen hours after the operation, the blood pressure suddenly dropped, and he died after failure of resuscitation. In case 1, the anastomosis of pancreatic duct and jejunum was not tight, pancreatic fistula occurred, and the drainage position of double trocars was far away from the anastomosis, so that the leaked pancreatic fluid could not be adequately drained out, and due to the effect of auto-digestion, the infection of the abdominal cavity was aggravated, and no active and appropriate treatment was done, and the patient finally died due to toxic shock. Example 2 was unfamiliar with the anatomical relationship in the dissection and exploration, and the careless operation, coupled with the adhesion of the lesion site, the blind operation mistakenly injured the common bile duct and the superior mesenteric vein was the main reason for the accident. In case 3, due to lack of experience and imprecise operation, the hepatic artery and portal vein were not dissected clearly when the common bile duct was cut off, resulting in intraoperative injuries. The patient died of hemorrhagic shock.4. Unforeseen circumstancesMedical practice is very complex, and some of the changes that occur in the medical process can be prevented, but there are some situations that are not only foreseeable but also difficult to control. For example, drug injection, diagnostic examination or in the process of anesthesia, some patients will suddenly appear cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest and death. After autopsy, pathological examination, biochemical tests, case investigation, medical history analysis and other means, the identification results that the indications for the use of drugs, dosage, method and other aspects of medical principles and requirements, rescue is also timely and appropriate and powerful. However, the patient due to the physical characteristics of the special, drug hypersensitivity death (such as a case of patients suffering from uterine fibroids, lumbar anesthesia during surgery, the patient suffered from drug hypersensitivity shock suddenly), but for this type of death should be considered to be attributed to accidents. 5. family members have other needs due to the family members of the needs of other reasons for medical malpractice as a result of the cause of the entanglement of the medical malpractice, in recent years, is also not uncommon. The characteristics of this dispute case, after a variety of verification, medical staff in the diagnosis and treatment of the work did make great efforts, in fact, there is no medical fault or accident. However, some patients' family members use the term "medical malpractice" to make various demands, such as requesting the cancellation of large sums of money owed during treatment. The authors met with a 16-year-old male patient with remittent anemia who presented with a dermatological diagnosis, was found to have remittent anemia on outpatient examination, and was admitted to the hospital because of the severity of his condition. He died after two months of hospitalization and spent over two thousand dollars on hospitalization fees and medications***. The family according to the "commonly used drugs manual" records, can hemin "occasionally occur rash and granulocytopenia" justified that "the child's reattachment due to take dermatology prescribed anti-allergy drugs caused by", under the pretext of "medical malpractice "The purpose of refusing to pay is obvious. In some cases of medical disputes, the families of the patients demanded excessive financial compensation and additional requirements. Such as the disposal of household goods, arrangements and mobilization of work, to solve the housing difficulties and so on. Some patients occupy the ward for a long time, refused to be discharged from the hospital, in the hospital package to eat up to ten years. The authors have encountered a case of 60-year-old male stroke patients, in order to prevent lung infections, in the application of penicillin injections in the process of coma and spasms, and later by the treatment of the patient regained consciousness, but dementia and claudication. From its onset and recovery analysis, doctors are considered to be the sequelae of stroke, but the family complaint that the patient has a history of penicillin allergy, so insisted that the consequences of the patient is caused by the use of penicillin, living in the hospital for more than 10 years and refused to multi-hospital. Some family members abandon elderly patients or crippled babies. There are also some people even lawlessness, under the pretext of medical malpractice noisy shock wards, smashing hospital doors and windows, instruments and equipment; individuals also assaulted and beat medical personnel, seriously threatening the personal safety of medical personnel; some people even parked the body to hold hostage, disrupting the work order of the hospital. If there is a case of heart disease in childbirth in the process of death, critical only because the physician in charge of the ward in the library, rescue late step, the deceased's family emphasized that the rescue is not timely many times to the hospital to make a lot of noise. The patient's death was clinically analyzed afterwards and was due to amniotic fluid embolism. Wind heart mitral valve stenosis patients do have a certain degree of risk during delivery, therefore, the doctor took early hospitalization measures. Afterwards, after repeated verification, this case in the medical treatment is no principle fault, but the patient's family said that the death of a person, the child has no mother to feed more difficult, so this entanglement. The patient died of illness, as the family to determine very sad, very worthy of sympathy and concern, but, there has to be a principle, policy, can not be emotional, can not make unprincipled disputes. One night, Wuchang County, a young peasant couple holding their less than a week old baby boy with laryngeal obstruction, to the Hubei Provincial People's Hospital for treatment. Doctors decided to do tracheotomy after diagnosis, the child's parents firmly disagree. At this time, the child's breathing difficulties, facial cyanosis, life-threatening. Doctors repeatedly explained, persuade, the child's parents cried to death, still not sign for the operation. Ear, nose and throat chief physician Yang Qiang, see the child's condition is critical, he carried him to the operating room rescue. Unexpectedly, the child's mother recklessly rushed into the operating room, grabbed the child to run out, Dr. Yang rushed to catch up with the medical workers unique noble and sacred majesty and motherly feelings, convinced the young couple, to the child's surgical treatment. The child was saved, the couple broke into tears, like meeting the living Buddha, thanking Dr. Yang for saving their precious son's life. The patient's choice is the core of the doctor-patient relationship. Legally and ethically, only the patient has the right to decide whether or not to enter into the doctor-patient relationship, and only the patient has the right to terminate the relationship at any time, legally and arbitrarily. Nor is the patient's right to choose at all stages of the development and implementation of the medical plan important for rational medical treatment. In clinical practice, even if the disease has a clear indication for surgery and the surgical plan is optimized, the surgery itself is unavoidably injurious and will, to varying degrees, bring about certain effects on the patient's body or function. Therefore, the patient's rights should be fully respected, so that the patient's family can give informed consent and consciously fulfill the commitment procedures, such as written signatures. This is not only an ethical requirement, but also a legal requirement, which protects the patient's legitimate right to decide what is to be done to him or her. In general, the wishes of the doctor and the patient's family tend to coincide in cases where there is a direct threat to life and where the patient is likely to die or become disabled if not treated. At this point, there is little doubt, either medically or ethically. However, as in this case, the choices of the patient's family can sometimes pose difficult ethical dilemmas for the physician. In the case, the patient's agent, the parents of the child with the date, did not fulfill the commitment procedures and blocked the doctor from applying the necessary treatment. The doctor's attitude towards this kind of doctor-patient conflict is one of four kinds: (1) to take the patient's attitude as a diversion, no matter whether the patient's choice is correct or not, holding an indifferent attitude, perfunctory coping and absolute obedience; (2) to the patient to do the necessary explanation, to explain the significance of the therapeutic measures used, but in the end, or to let nature take its course; (3) the doctor can do his duty, consciously bear the risk on behalf of the patient, but is not good at the educational and persuasive method to guide the patient's informed consent; (4) to the patient's parents, the patient's agent, the patient's parents, and to the patient's parents, to avoid the use of necessary treatments. (3) The doctor can do his duty and consciously take the risk for the patient, but is not good at guiding the patient to give informed consent by education and persuasion; (4) The doctor is highly responsible for the patient, respecting his right to choose, but also daring to be the master of the patient at the critical moment. Obviously, the first two seem to be ethically and legally unimpeachable for doctors from the point of view of respecting the patient's right to choose. However, under the socialist system, the highest standard of medical ethics in judging and measuring doctors is whether their medical behavior is based on the fundamental interests of the patients, saving lives and helping the injured, and serving the patients wholeheartedly. When the patient's choice of treatment measures is obviously incorrect, if the doctor from personal gain or loss considerations, disregard for the patient's safety, this kind of avoidance and shirking of responsibility is unethical behavior. The third attitude reflects the valuable character of a doctor, but it is defective in ethical and legal issues, i.e., it fails to pay attention to the psychological communication between doctor and patient in order to seek the patient's recognition, participation and cooperation, which is a neglect of the patient's right to choose. The fourth attitude perfectly embodies the correct ethical behavior of a doctor who wholeheartedly serves the people in dealing with the right to choose the virus. Through the above analysis, it can be seen that Dr. Yang's approach to the patient's right to choose in this case is completely correct. For this child, the signs and symptoms were already typical, and there was a chance of salvage if tracheotomy treatment was performed, and vice versa, it would be increasingly dangerous. With a very clear prognosis. With a high sense of responsibility and extreme zeal, Dr. Yang educated and persuaded the patient's family to make the right choice, which could not be considered as an act of coercion. He knew that the patients were farmers, lacked medical knowledge, and were afraid of tracheotomy, and their condition did not allow them to wait until their minds were fully open before acting. Making a decision for the patients at the moment of life and death is a noble act of a doctor who wholeheartedly serves the patients, rather than ignoring the patients' right to choose. Dr. Yang's approach proved to be highly praised and appreciated by the patients. Analyzing the above reasons together, the causes of medical disputes can be categorized into two main groups: namely, disputes in which adverse consequences are directly caused by medical negligence and disputes in which adverse consequences occur without medical negligence. Dereliction of duty in the work and some technical reasons belong to the former; poor medical ethics, poor service, accidents belong to the latter.