On January 3, 1929, Gordon Moore was born in a small, ocean-adjacent town just south of San Francisco. The family environment didn't do much to inculcate his upbringing. At the age of 11 or 12, he suddenly became interested in chemistry and aspired to be a chemist. This hobby fulfilled his dream of becoming a scientist. After graduating from high school, Moore enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied chemistry, a field he had long desired, and received his B.S. degree in 1950. He continued his education at the California Institute of Technology, where he received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1954. As the first college student in his family, it was certainly an honor the Moore family never expected.
After two years of quiet collegiate research, Moore was ready to give up his marginalized life. Moore was ready to give up marginal basic research. Coincidentally, Shockley, the inventor of the transistor, was recruiting a chemist he needed to build a semiconductor company in California.
In 1956, Moore joined Shockley's lab in Lookout Mountain, working with Robert Noyce, the inventor of the integrated circuit. Later, Noyce and Moore, along with eight others, resigned en masse to start Fairchild Semiconductor, which is famous in the history of the semiconductor industry. Moore began to be the manager of the technical department, and then took charge of the research and development department, when the leased house was not yet finalized, and even did not have electricity. The guys were just like farmers, working at sunrise and resting at sunset.
In 1968, Moore, along with Noyce, quit Fairchild and founded Intel to develop the then-untapped area of data storage in the computer industry. Initially, Moore served as executive vice president, then president and CEO in 1975, and then chairman and CEO in 1979, a title he held until 1987, and chairman until 1997. Intel was committed to developing the then-undeveloped field of data storage in the computer industry, and the company's first major product, the Intel1103 memory chip, was released in the early 1970s. The first major product produced by the company, the Intel1103 memory chip, hit the market in the early 1970s.
History of Intel
Intel CPU models Introduction Personal computers use CPU to Intel brand-based, the history of the development of the PC CPU is equal to the history of Intel Corporation, and now on the development of Intel's CPU for an introduction. Intel CPU model development: 4004: 1969 (4bit) 8008: 1972 (8bit) 8080: 1974 (8bit) 8085: 1976 (8bit) 8086: 1978 (16bit) 8088 ．1979 (CPU internal 16bit and external 8bit) 80186: 1980 (16bit) 80188: 1981 (16bit) 80286: 1982 (16bit) 80386: 1985 (32bit) 80486: 1988 (32bit) Pentium: 1993 (32x2 = 64bit) Pentium Pro: 1995 (32x2 = 64bit) Pentium: 1995 (32x2 = 64bit) ＝Pentium Pro: 1995 (32x2=64bit) Pentium MMX: 1997 (32x2=64bit) Pentium II: 1997 (32x2=64bit), Pentium II is the main product in 1998. Deschutes: Pentium II product successor, using 0.25um process, low power consumption, launched in 1998. Katmai: Katmai Slot 2 (K2SP) multimedia expansion format MMX2 products for servers and workstations, the external frequency of 100MHz, the internal frequency of 40O/450/500MHz several versions, L2 Cache 4MB, launched in 1998. Willamette: P6 and P7 products, codenamed P68, twice as fast as Pentium II. Merced: 786 CPU, abbreviated as P7, co-developed by Intel/HP, revolutionized multimedia instruction speed processing, unveiled at the end of 1997, launched in 1998-1999.
886 Series: 886 products with twice the processing performance of the P7. 1286 Series: Intel's target product planned for 2011. CISC CPU and RISC CPU ◎ CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer, Complex Instruction Set Computer) Complex Instruction Set CPU for the internal decoding of more complex instructions, divided into a few micro-instructions to execute, the advantage is that there are many instructions, the development of the program is easy, but due to the complexity of the instructions, the implementation of the efficiency of the work of the poorer, processing data However, due to the complexity of the instructions, the efficiency of execution is poor and the processing of data is slow. At present, the structure of 286/386/486/Pentium are all CISC CPUs. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) RISC is a streamlined instruction set CPU, which removes complex instructions and retains streamlined and commonly used instructions, and together with the internal circuitry of fast instruction processing, it speeds up the decoding of instructions and data processing. RISC is a compact instruction set CPU that removes complex instructions and retains the common instructions in a compact form, together with internal circuits for fast instruction processing, which speeds up the decoding of instructions and the processing of data, however, it must be processed by a compiler program before its efficiency can be utilized. Improved CISC CPUs: Some of the improved CISC architectures are developed for the advantages of RISC, such as Intel's Pentium-Pro (P6), Pentium-II, Cyrix's M1, M2, AMD's K5, K6, etc. The operating clock of every CPU is the same as the operating clock of the RISC CPUs, which is the same as that of the RISC CPUs. CPU's operating clock Every CPU has a pin called CLOCK (clock), the tube called CLK, that is, the operating clock provided to the CPU to process data, sometimes we call it the frequency, in MHz (Mega Hertz) as a unit, to provide the CPU with the frequency of the frequency of the high and low involved in the multiplier or divider frequency of the CPU. After the internal frequency multiplier or divider, the internal frequency is the working clock (or working frequency) of the CPU to execute instructions. The high and low frequency of the CPU and the internal structure of the CPU as well as the way of instruction processing are all related to the speed of the CPU to process instructions, e.g., the CPU adopts the Super Scalar Pipeline instruction processing structure, the capacity of the internal cache, the decoding of instructions, and the speed of the instruction processing. For example, the CPU's internal Super Scalar Pipeline instruction processing structure, the capacity of the internal cache, the decoding of instructions, the compilation of programs, and the processing of Complex Instruction Sets (CISC) or Reduced Instruction Sets (RISC) all have a bearing on the CPU's processing speed. Generally, the operating clock of a CPU is expressed in terms of its model number, such as 166MHz in Pentium-l66 and 200MHz in Pentium-200. Under the same structure, the higher the value of the CPU model number, the faster it is, and of course, the higher the price is. The clock generator provides the processing time for the CPU, that is, the operating frequency for the CPU, and it varies with the specifications of the CPU model. Early 286/386 CPU due to its internal dividing 2 frequency dividing circuit, so the external frequency is 286/386 CPU operating frequency is doubled by its internal dividing 2, that is, the operating frequency of the CPU, such as 80286-20, 80386-20, the CPU external clock generator will provide 40MHz frequency to the CPU, by the internal dividing 2, that is, 80286-20 or 80386-20, CPU external clock generator will provide 40MHz frequency to the CPU, by the internal dividing 2, that is, 80286-20 or 80386-20, that is, 80286-20 or 80386-20. This is the 20MHz operating clock of the 80286-20 or 80386-20. However, from the 486DX2, 486DX4 and Pentium CPU, the internal CPU that is in the form of multiplier, multiplier within the CPU does not affect the peripheral devices, the CPU can be l.5/2/3/3/3.5/4/4.5 times the frequency of the upgrade, as long as the CPU material, temperature, frequency, process can be stable to play its function can be mass-produced, so different models of the CPU have different frequencies. CPU has a different frequency, the motherboard in order to match the different number of CPU, the general specifications can withstand to (120 ~ 200) MHz range of frequency, update the CPU, as long as the motherboard chipset meets the CPU's function can be updated to a faster CPU. Klamath CPU What is Klamath, Klamath is geographically a river name in the United States. River name, it has many names on PC computers, some call it P6C, some call it Pentium Pro MMX, and some call it 686 multimedia instruction set CPU, it has a wide range of names, but most people call it Pentium II, because Pentium and Pentium Pro are already synonymous with 586 and 686. Regardless of how it is called, it is the newest model in the sixth generation of Intel CPUs today. It combines the Pentium Pro CPU with MMX (Multimedia Multi-Media Extended Instruction) technology, and is currently Intel's highest-performance CPU. The Pentium II cartridge was designed as an expansion card-box. The Pentium II cartridge CPU*** contains the CPU, a cache controller chip, and four cache chips. Pentium II-233, Pentium II-266, Pentium II-300, Pentium II-333, Pentium II-350, and Pentium II-400. Pentium II-233 provides general integer arithmetic, multimedia arithmetic for graphic imaging, and stereoscopic graphics. Pentium II-333, Pentium II-350 and Pentium II-400. ◎ Applied to small and medium-sized enterprises, computer servers/workstations, institutions, schools and families, suitable for e-commerce, graphic imaging, edutainment and other data transmission. ◎ Adopting the innovative Dual Independent Bus (DIB, Dual Independent Bus) structure to speed up the data transfer between the cache and CPU. ◎The Ll cache inside the CPU has been increased to 64KB (32KB instruction/32KB data). ◎ The L2 cache inside the CPU's external card slot was increased to 256KB or 512KB. ◎ The Pentium II's Slot 1 card slot*** had 242 pins, and the card had a large heatsink or fan. MMX MMX is the abbreviation of Yingli Multi-media Extension, Chinese for Multi-media Extension Instruction Set CPU. these instruction tables can accelerate the processing of applications related to graphics, video, sound, etc. The MMX Pentium CPU strengthens the insufficiency of Pentium CPUs in multi-media processing functions, and it can utilize its built-in multi-media instructions to simulate 3D graphics processing, MPEG compression/decompression. As long as the software supports MMX CPU, it can replace these hardware interfaces to achieve the multimedia effect. MMX Pentium CPU pins and Pentium CPU is the same, but its internal structure and CPU voltage is different, in addition to provide MMX multimedia circuits, the use of the voltage must be 2.8V and 3.3V of the two sets of voltages, so the motherboard chipset and BIOS, but also must be compatible with the support of the MMX function, in order to upgrade the computer to play the MMX effect. The newest addition to the MMX is a new way for users to enjoy the benefits of the MMX.