China's logistics industry has been well developed in recent years.
In 2004, the country's total social logistics amounted to 38.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 29.9% (at current prices), an increase of 2.9 percentage points over the same period last year. Significantly higher than the growth rate of GDP in the same period in 2004, the total GDP and total logistics compared to the logistics demand coefficient of 2.8. Among them: industrial logistics totaled 32.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.2%. Total logistics value of high-speed growth, indicating that economic growth on logistics demand is growing, economic development is increasingly dependent on logistics.
In 2005, the total value of social logistics in China was about 48 trillion yuan, an increase of 25.4% year-on-year, although the growth rate fell from the previous year, but is still in the fast-growing range. 2005 added value of China's logistics industry was 1.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.5% year-on-year, an increase higher than that of the previous year. 2005, China's logistics costs accounted for the ratio of GDP was 18.5%. The overall scale of China's modern logistics has expanded, the speed of development has accelerated, the operational efficiency has improved, and the role of supporting and promoting economic development has become more obvious.
In 2005, logistics enterprises in the competition, reorganization and integration, state-owned, private and foreign-funded enterprises, "three-legged" situation is becoming more and more obvious. Each region increased investment in logistics infrastructure construction, logistics technology and equipment level has been improved, logistics capacity has been significantly strengthened, logistics management and technological innovation in a new situation, the logistics industry has made progress in basic work. The Pan-Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region, the Bohai Rim region and the Northeast region have strengthened joint efforts and coordination, integrated planning, and have made joint efforts to create a "big environment" for regional logistics development. Retail chain, automobile, steel, medicine, food and other specialized logistics rapid development, led to the development of related industries.
2006 to 2010, southern China's international modern logistics center of the basic framework and the main functions will be formed; logistics costs accounted for the proportion of GDP fell another 3%; third-party logistics accounted for the proportion of the logistics market reached 23%. By 2010, 80% of the world's maritime export market, will be concentrated in the mainland.
Logistics plays a very important role in the national economy.
With the improvement of China's productivity level, the integration of transportation, warehousing, distribution and other links into one, to achieve the lowest cost of enterprises and society, the maximum benefit of the logistics industry and the Internet economy, together with the people as the "new economy" as an important element of the widely known as the third source of profit. Competition in the modern economy is to a large extent a competition for circulation efficiency. Especially from the point of view of the reproduction process of the manufacturing industry, the product is in the manufacturing process of time is getting shorter and shorter, and the vast majority of time in the circulation process, accounting for about 85% -90% or so. Therefore, the circulation speed and efficiency of the high and low decision of an enterprise, an industry and even a national economic efficiency and speed of the high and low. At the same time, circulation also has the important role of reducing the transaction cost of the whole society and optimizing the allocation of resources. The rapid development of China's circulation industry has become an important driving force for economic growth, and its contribution to the national economy is increasing. For example, over the past decade, the circulation industry has accounted for an average of 8.5 per cent of the country's GDP, and the financial income generated by the circulation industry for the State has been increasing year by year, with even more prominent contributions in terms of absorbing urban and rural residents' employment and meeting their consumption needs. After more than 20 years of reform and opening up and development, the degree of modernization and organization of China's circulation industry has greatly increased, chain management is on the rise, and advanced circulation modes and operation methods, such as large supermarkets, shopping centers, convenience stores and specialty stores, have been rapidly developed, thus promoting China's economic growth. However, on the whole, China's circulation scale is still relatively small, relatively low efficiency, the modernization level is not high. 2003 China's top 500 commercial enterprises in the average annual working capital turnover rate of only 2.4 times, while the fastest turnover rate of developed countries reached more than 20 times a year. At present, China's logistics costs account for about 20% of GDP, while the United States and other developed countries only about 10%. China's circulation modernization investment is insufficient, less investment in circulation information construction. Compared with developed countries, China's circulation industry in the capital scale, marketing technology, management style, there is a big gap, the competitive ability is not strong.
China's logistics industry development is still relatively backward
In the past 20 years, the service industry in China has been developing rapidly. Infrastructure construction of China's logistics industry has also grown rapidly, transportation facilities and tools, warehousing facilities, commercial outlets, distribution systems and information technology, supporting service facilities have made great progress. Eastern region and the southeast coast of the logistics "hardware" in many respects has been close to or reached the world's advanced level. But the development of China's logistics industry is still relatively backward, mainly in:
From the quality of the entire national economy and the requirements of national economic development, the investment in the logistics industry is still insufficient. The first thing to be solved in the future is the accurate calculation of investment benefits, the coordinated development of the East and West and the full utilization of existing equipment.
The degree of integration of logistics is not enough, administrative division, industry monopoly is serious. Logistics trading system is divided into domestic and foreign trade, the transportation industry is divided into several ministries, commissions and bureaus, the circulation of local protectionism restrictions, each industry, each region by all means to carry out logistics monopoly and unfair competition. Duplication of deployment, duplication of investment brings serious waste, and market monopoly leads to low quality and low efficiency of logistics services.
Foreign trade, civil aviation, railroads, packaging, communications and other sectors are highly nationalized, making these sectors of government and enterprises are not separate, the official business style is serious. China's emergence of economic crime also occurs mostly in the field of logistics, more so that logistics consumers lose trust in the service provider.
The concept of logistics is weak, many decision-makers do not understand modern logistics. At present, the concept of modern logistics is only discussed in the academic community, "third-party logistics" only by a few companies to promote supply chain management is almost impossible to move forward. Many decision-makers attach importance to logistics only stays in increasing investment in infrastructure construction. As a result, duplication of investment has brought more trouble to logistics development.
The service system related to logistics is backward. Finance, settlement, insurance, communications, information technology and other industries are also in a high degree of monopoly, low-quality and inefficient development stage, and thus in the field of logistics to promote e-commerce is very difficult. The backwardness of the logistics service level to China's production industry has increased the cost, and the backwardness of the service system related to logistics services, but also to the logistics industry enterprises themselves to increase the cost. In addition, China's logistics industry enterprises within the self-management of various types of professional services, and its degree of specialization is not high, resulting in low overall efficiency of logistics services.
Overall, China's circulation scale is still relatively small, relatively low efficiency, the modernization level is not high. 2003 China's top 500 companies in the average annual working capital turnover rate of commercial enterprises is only 2.4 times, while the fastest turnover in developed countries to reach more than 20 times a year. At present, China's logistics costs account for about 20% of GDP, while the United States and other developed countries only about 10%. China's circulation modernization investment is insufficient, less investment in circulation information construction. Compared with developed countries, China's circulation industry in the capital scale, marketing technology, management style, there is a big gap, the competitive ability is not strong.
With China's accession to the WTO transition period is basically over, China's distribution market will be further opened up to the outside world, foreign investment in the commercial circulation area in the proportion of equity, geographic and quantitative restrictions will be canceled, foreign large-scale commercial capital will be more access to China's market, which is bound to further change the domestic circulation area of the competition pattern, triggering more intense market competition, domestic circulation enterprises will face new challenges. The domestic distribution enterprises will face new challenges.
Promoting the development of modern logistics ideas
One is to strengthen the chain of enterprises within the construction and management of logistics and distribution centers. According to the actual situation of enterprises, considering the market needs and the development trend of production and circulation, we should reasonably determine the construction scale and level of distribution centers, strengthen the management of logistics and distribution centers, and gradually realize the three-dimensional warehousing, loading and unloading and handling mechanization, the electronic distribution of broken-down commodities, the bar code of logistics functions, the distribution process is paperless, and the establishment of an automatic replenishment system, to provide safe, reliable and high-efficiency distribution system for the chain enterprises. system.
The second is the integration of logistics resources, the construction of specialized, socialized logistics enterprises. Through the joint reorganization of assets and professional transformation, make full use of and integrate the existing logistics resources, especially with the wholesale enterprises and storage and transportation enterprises restructuring, transformation, break the industry boundaries and regional blockade, planned, step by step to improve and develop socialized logistics enterprises, to meet the needs of small and medium-sized enterprise development, to provide them with efficient and effective distribution services, and at the same time to provide support for the development of e-commerce.
Third, actively organize the distribution of production materials to improve the function of the service. To provide raw and auxiliary materials and components for the production of distribution business, and gradually establish steel shearing and processing, concrete, glass processing, daily chemical products, food and other specialized processing and distribution centers, and constantly expand the range of distribution varieties, and strive to build a large-scale, multi-species, high-efficiency services to provide the logistics and distribution system.
Fourth, to encourage the conditions of large manufacturing enterprises to invest in the development of professional logistics companies, or joint ventures with third-party logistics companies to develop logistics business. Conditional large-scale manufacturing enterprises can provide logistics services for the marketing of its products on the basis of improving the function and expanding the business, the development of specialized logistics, and to achieve economies of scale to the socialization of logistics development. Large manufacturing enterprises can also use the resources of existing storage and transportation enterprises, joint ventures or mergers and other ways to develop specialized logistics companies.
Fifth, to promote China's extensive cooperation in the field of logistics with foreign countries and Sino-foreign joint ventures between logistics enterprises, to attract foreign investment in China's logistics industry, to participate in the restructuring and transformation of China's traditional logistics enterprises, to improve the modernization of China's logistics level.