These include imaging equipment, specialized instruments (catheter guidewires, etc.), hyperbaric syringes, monitoring equipment, sterilizing equipment, sterilization kits, and so on. The imaging equipment and hyperbaric syringe are introduced here, and specialized instruments such as catheter guidewires are described in the corresponding chapters.
Imaging equipment: Interventional radiology imaging equipment is generally X-ray machine, can also be ultrasound, CT and MRI imaging equipment. Their role is to provide imaging guidance for interventional therapy. Of course, it is best to provide real-time imaging guidance. For example, angiography is a fluoroscopically guided procedure in which a catheter is inserted into the corresponding target vessel for injection of a contrast agent, and rapid X-ray photography is used to visualize the flow of the contrast agent, its distribution, and hemodynamics within the vessel. The angiographer must be familiar with the performance of the X-ray machine and other imaging equipment and ancillary equipment, and master the requirements of the various parts of the imaging in order to achieve the best results.
The performance of the X-ray machine for angiography depends on the location and requirements of the imaging. Arteriography, especially aortography, due to the high blood flow and fast flow rate, requiring rapid continuous film, so the X-ray machine must have a large capacity, high performance, generally need at least 500mA X-ray machine. At the same time, it is also necessary to have an automatic control system connected with the DSA acquisition system or rapid film changer and high-pressure injector. Angiography bed requires not only up and down, but also left, right, high, low, forward and backward movement in all directions.
The advent of image intensifier TV fluoroscopy eliminates the need for fluoroscopy to be performed under a dark room and facilitates remote control, tape recording, and digital subtraction angiography. The basic principle of digital subtraction angiography (digital subtraction angiography, DSA) is that the computer will be angiographic X-ray image information through the digital subtraction processing, and then converted into blood vessel images. It can reduce the amount of contrast agent and eliminate all unnecessary overlapping structure shadows that affect the vascular image. With the development of computers and other related technologies, the resolution of DSA imaging technology is getting higher and higher, and the general vascular machine has a resolution of 1024X1024, which has been more and more widely used.
Older vascular machines do not have DSA, and only have rapid continuous film changing devices. More commonly used automatic film exchange and cinematography two categories. (1) automatic rapid continuous film device: the application of rapid continuous film loading chain, and then pull the film magazine for film replacement, the fastest per second can be taken 2, up to 8 ~ 12 film; film mobile automatic film replacement device, the structure is more complex, the transfer of X-film, rolls of film or a single piece of bulk loaded in the film changer with electro-mechanical way to quickly change the film. Up to 6 to 12 sheets per second, single-phase a film 50 sheets, double-phase a film 100 sheets, with program selection controller, can be adjusted according to the need for speed and interval time. (2) Cinematography device: Using the combination of image intensifier and optical instrument, the enhanced fluorescent image will be filmed by the method of cinematography. The movie film is used to take pictures at a speed of 25~25 frames per second. The advantage is that the image quality is high, the projection speed can be adjusted at will, not only can observe the whole picture of morphological changes, but also conducive to functional research.
In arteriography, especially aortography or larger arteriovenous fistula lesion imaging, requires a large amount of contrast agent injected in a short period of time, in order not to be released by the blood, to obtain a good film, so it is necessary to resort to high-pressure syringe. High-pressure injection of contrast medium flow rate is generally required to reach 15 ~ 25ml / s, at the same time the requirements of the start switch and X-ray camera device linkage. There are two basic types of high-pressure syringes: pneumatic and electric high-pressure syringes. At present, electric high pressure syringes are mostly used, and the new high pressure syringes are equipped with electric pumping, graded injection, synchronized exposure, overpressure and dosing protection and alarm systems, etc., which are convenient and safe to use. Now domestic equipment such as the new DSA produced by Beijing Chimat can fully meet the requirements of hospital use, the price is relatively cheap relative to imported machines, and no need to configure the certificate.
Convenient operation of the sterile environment
Interventional radiology operating room should be large enough to facilitate the operation at the same time can reduce scattered rays. Interventional procedures need to be performed in a sterile environment. Therefore, there should be an appropriate disinfection system, regular cleaning and disinfection to prevent infection. After each puncture and intubation, the room should be cleaned in time. According to the results of air bacterial culture to develop the operation room disinfection frequency. Generally once a day. Aseptic operation techniques should be carried out separately from bacterial operation, if there is only one operation room that cannot be separated, then aseptic operation should be carried out first and then bacterial operation. For example, the first vascular intubation diagnosis and treatment before the abscess puncture.