What are PD-L1 and PD-1 immunotherapy?
PD-1 stands for programmed death receptor 1, and its English name is Programmed Death 1. It is an important immune Inhibitory molecule, a member of the CD28 superfamily. Immune regulation targeting PD-1 is of great significance in anti-tumor, anti-infection, anti-autoimmune diseases and organ transplant survival. Its ligand PD-L1 can also be used as a target, and the corresponding antibodies can also play the same role.
How PD-L1 inhibitors work
The full name of PD-L1 is programmed cell death receptor-ligand 1, and its English name is Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1. It is the first receptor with a size of 40kDa. Type I transmembrane protein. Under normal circumstances, the immune system responds to foreign antigens that accumulate in lymph nodes or spleen, promoting the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. The combination of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can transmit inhibitory signals and reduce the proliferation of T cells.
How PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors work
The representative drugs of PD-1 are:
Merck’s Keytruda (trade name: Pembrolizumab) is The first PD-1 inhibitor to be marketed in the United States as a second-line therapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Cancer immunotherapy is currently being studied in the fields of breast cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, blood cancer, prostate cancer and bone marrow cancer.
PD-L1/PD-1 drug Keytruda
Bristol-Myers Squibb’s PD-1 inhibitor Opdivo (drug name: Nibolumab), which was first approved by the FDA for Opdivo in 2014 Treatment of melanoma patients.
PD-L1/PD-1 drug Opdivo
The representative drugs of PD-L1 are:
Tecentriq (drug name: Atezolizumab) is the first PD -L1 inhibitor, also the first immunotherapy drug approved to treat this tumor, was developed by Roche
PD-L1/PD-1 drug Tecentriq
Imfinzi is A PD-L1 inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca was first approved by the FDA in 2017 for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer.
PD-L1/PD-1 drug Imfinzi
Recently, PD-1 inhibitors (Opdivo, Keytruda) have been announced to be launched in the mainland, which is undoubtedly the biggest problem for many patients. good news. But what comes next is, faced with the huge base of cancer patients, can mainland hospitals (or pharmacies) supply supplies in a timely manner? This is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. In addition, issues such as when immunotherapy drugs will be included in medical insurance are also issues that are of great concern to cancer patients. The disease waits for no one.
Hong Kong, a world-class harbor city, has a unique geographical location, an environment under the capitalist system, and medical standards that are in line with international standards. The Hong Kong Comprehensive Cancer Center relies on these advantages to serve more patients in need. Patients are provided with the latest treatment plans and drugs that are in line with international standards, and have mature clinical capabilities in the treatment of major diseases such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. In 2015, the Hong Kong Comprehensive Oncology Center and Victoria Harbor Health reached a strategic partnership. Through Victoria Harbor Health, Make a direct appointment with an oncology specialist at the center. After the doctor’s diagnosis, the patient can be directly informed of whether the patient is suitable for PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and can even take medication directly.
As Asia’s first and Hong Kong’s only ambulatory comprehensive cancer diagnosis and treatment center, the Hong Kong Comprehensive Cancer Center provides high-quality and comprehensive one-stop, inter-professional cancer diagnosis and treatment services to ensure that every patient You can get comprehensive professional advice and the most appropriate treatment plan. The latest PD-L1 inhibitor Tecentriq is approved for urothelial cancer. According to the latest clinical research, there is positive progress in adding Tecentriq to the second-line combination treatment of liver cancer.
For most advanced solid tumors, survival prolongation of more than 2.5 to 6 months can be considered clinically significant.
PD-1 antibodies and PD-L1 antibodies can easily meet the above requirements in sensitive groups. The discovery of markers to predict efficacy and the design of rational combination immunotherapy will be the focus of recent research on tumor immunotherapy. Due to the subtle differences in the mechanisms of action of PD-1 antibodies and PD-L1 antibodies, combination therapies based on PD-L1 antibodies may have greater market potential.