Even the poorest countries are able to create a rich variety of forms of social security through the provision of public **** support to the vulnerable groups of their populations
Medicare system adhere to the two-handedly
India's health care system, the core idea is to use the economic and administrative leverage to formulate a series of effective public **** policy, not only to enable the rich to enjoy the green grass outdoors, elegant house, all kinds of advanced medical equipment, high standard of medical services. Enjoy the green grass outside, elegant environment inside the house, a variety of advanced medical equipment all the high standard of medical services, but also to make the ordinary people to enjoy the basic medical protection.
In India's view, the health care system, if fully commercialized, market-oriented operation, will violate the basic laws of health care, undermine social justice, not conducive to social stability. Therefore, the Indian health care system adhere to the two hands, both to support the stable operation of government hospitals, but also to encourage the healthy development of private hospitals. This public and private hospitals coexist phenomenon makes India's rich and poor patients each have to rely on, each other peace and quiet.
Indian government hospitals, despite the lack of funds, mismanagement and poor conditions and other problems, but they play an important role in social stability, so the government would rather carry a huge financial burden to maintain the operation of these hospitals.
Government hospitals in India inherited the free help behavior of church hospitals from the British colonial period. The church's free help began in the 1930s, and after India's independence in 1947, it expanded the scope of free services for the whole population and set up a network of free health care that reaches into the villages, basically making it possible for the poor to have basic health care coverage as well. India is a developing country with 260 million people living below the poverty line, and the poor account for about a quarter of the total population, most of whom live in rural areas. Once the free health care system is abolished, the Indian government will lose the support of a large number of voters from the lower class, while the government hospitals alleviate their psychological pressure and financial burden when they go to the doctor, which is one of the major reasons why India has been able to maintain social stability for a long time.
Three-tier healthcare network gradually established in rural areas
India's government healthcare system is divided into five levels: national hospitals, state (provincial) hospitals, regional hospitals, district hospitals and village hospitals***. However, the number of government hospitals at all levels is far less than the number of private hospitals, hospitals in general and rural hospitals in particular are also faced with a shortage of medicines, antimicrobial varieties, hospitals in poor condition, small wards, and many other problems, as well as the result of the government's financial overburdened, the doctor receives a lot of patients work pressure and other drawbacks. However, patients who patronize Indian government hospitals are basically low-income people, they do not require high medical conditions, as long as less money can cure the disease on the line, so the government hospitals do play a role in social justice and relief of the poor and weak "stabilizer" role.
In recent years, in order to protect the health of the majority of the rural population, India, some areas of industry associations and non-governmental organizations began to take action, for the incidence of low but high medical cost of the risk of serious illnesses, and actively involved in the rural health insurance, take the lead in helping farmers to insure the medical, out of the developing countries of rural health care in a new way. At the same time, a variety of private hospitals competing for the development of different needs of the population to provide appropriate medical services, and even some countries in Europe and the United States patients are far to India's private hospitals, but also broke out of an international market-oriented road.
In the country's rural areas, the Indian government as early as the early 1980s set the ambitious goal of gradually establishing a three-tier health care network in the country's rural areas. This network consists of three components - health posts, primary health centers and community health centers - which provide medical services free of charge to the vast majority of the poor. All government hospitals are free of charge for any Indian, whether poor or rich, and the free items include registration fees, examination fees, hospitalization fees, treatment fees, all costs of emergency and rescue, and even the cost of food for hospitalized patients, excluding the cost of medicines. The Indian government has also announced that it will spend 9,000 billion rupees over the next 10 years on medical facility infrastructure and the purchase of medical and health instruments to ensure that the number of doctors and beds in major hospitals in India doubles in the next 10 years, and that the number of nursing staff increases twofold.
Limited government investment fairly transferred to the most in need of medical services
In recent years, with the booming software industry, many people have changed their views on India's poverty and backwardness, but there are still a lot of travelers to India to go through the travelers think that it is still dirty, messy, poor synonym. Little known is that India in the overall health situation is not ideal at the same time, its level of medical care in the developing world is among the best, and by many European and American people sought after.
India's public **** inputs account for only 17.9% of the total cost of health, the government's 2005-2006 year for the rural areas of public **** health business funds for 102.8 billion rupees (about 2.4 billion U.S. dollars), but the World Health Organization of the United Nations 1
91 member states of the ranking of the health performance of the shocking: China in the In terms of "equity in the financial burden of health", China ranked fourth from the bottom at 188, along with Brazil, Myanmar and Sierra Leone as one of the most inequitable countries, while India, which has always been recognized as "extremely inequitable in its distribution", ranked 43rd. The reason for this is that the main beneficiaries of the Indian government's health subsidies and social security are the poor and needy, so that the relatively limited public **** inputs can maximize the care of equity, and the limited government inputs are equitably transferred to the people who are most in need of medical services. It can be seen that wealth is not an absolute standard for measuring the health care system, the important thing is social equity and balance of interests.
India's health insurance system pays great attention to covering low-income groups, and has established public **** health systems such as the universal free immunization program and free treatment programs in public hospitals to ensure that the needy groups, especially the majority of farmers, are able to enjoy basic health care.
In addition, India's pharmaceutical market is well supplied, and health services provided by public health institutions, church hospitals and private clinics are easily accessible in both urban and rural areas. More notably, the Indian government, although not categorized as a strong government internationally, has always held a strong interventionist approach to the financial and insurance markets. For example, the Indian government has issued industry policy guidelines to regulate the behavior of banks and insurance companies so that they take adequate measures to take care of the needy. Among other things, the government has special regulations for banks and insurance companies that require a minimum ratio of loans to the poor to the total loans of commercial banks, and a minimum ratio of insurance products sold to those employed in the informal economy to the total sales of insurance companies, as a basic condition for business license validation and registration.13 The material basis for the government's free health care network is the growing pharmaceutical industry and its low prices. The material basis to support the Indian government's free healthcare network is its growing pharmaceutical industry and its low drug prices.
India, like China, which is also an ancient civilization, is well developed in herbal medicine. In recent years, the Indian government has actively promoted the use of Indian medicine and established herbal medicine centers in the vast rural areas, encouraging the use of herbal medicines instead of Western medicines, which has greatly reduced the cost of treatment for the poor. As the quality of domestic western medicine is generally very good, the vast majority of Indians are using domestic drugs, for colds and fevers such as minor illnesses, patients as long as the prescription to go to the drugstore, spend twenty to thirty rupees to buy drugs to take soon be able to cure. The price of medicines such as "Fudalin" is only 1/3 of that in China.
Poor countries on the road to social security
From India's experience, the expensive social insurance and income security systems in developed countries are not universally applicable to all countries in the world, even the poorest countries,
They can also provide social security to their own populations through the provision of social insurance to their own populations. Even the poorest countries have been able to create a rich variety of forms of social security by providing public ****support to vulnerable segments of their populations. Developing countries that have adopted a market economy are well able to establish a unique public **** health system and a medical security system in accordance with their own socio-political, economic and cultural characteristics, and to utilize medical relief to assist the poor in order to meet the most basic health needs of their people.
India's experience in this regard may not be perfect, but it has certainly become a classic example of a medical security system in a developing country.
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