In the work that people are engaged in, ergonomic injuries are very common, the impact is also quite serious.
Ergonomic injuries affect the safety and health of workers. Due to improper force, the man-machine interface is not reasonable, resulting in acute fatigue and injury to the body will bring great pain, this injury is easy to attract people's attention and attention. The chronic cumulative fatigue and injuries caused by poor body position and posture, incorrect working methods, and long-term repeated actions and poor physical environment often have consequences in a few years, ten years, or even longer. This injury often goes unnoticed and unappreciated at first, but it can leave a lifelong legacy of suffering.
Ergonomic injuries can cause workers to deteriorate, fatigue easily, deteriorate emotionally, and become demotivated, leading to reduced work performance and thus affecting productivity.
Ergonomic injuries will bring different degrees of pain to the workers, very easy to produce complaints and dissatisfaction, if managers can not give timely and appropriate adjustment and resolution, there is the possibility of developing into resentment or even confrontation, resulting in tensions in interpersonal relationships, management problems.
The main reasons for ergonomic injuries are: improper work organization, such as workload, personnel selection, work system is not good; man-machine interface is not reasonable, such as the workstation is too high or too low, monitors and controllers and human receptors and motors are not coordinated; incorrect work posture, such as unnecessary long-term posture and static application of force; work inappropriate way, such as moving heavy weight is too large a difference and away from the balanced position; poor physical environment, such as unnecessary longstanding posture and static application of force; work inappropriate way, such as moving heavy weight is too large and away from the The physical environment is poor, such as microclimate discomfort, improper lighting and so on.
Ergonomic injuries have far-reaching consequences. For a work system whether there are ergonomic injuries, what ergonomic injuries, the degree of harm it may cause, need to be investigated, analyzed and confirmed, will be categorized and ranked in accordance with the size of the danger and the degree of difficulty in solving the problem, to formulate a plan, determine the countermeasures, put it into practice, feedback and improvement, and gradually improve.
It should be emphasized that, due to the indirect effect of ergonomics and the role of the habit of obstruction, so the research and practice of ergonomics injuries, only efforts to obtain the support of managers, mobilize the active participation of all workers to achieve significant results. Ergonomics Injury Countermeasures1 Ergonomics Injury Investigation Classification Through questionnaires, inquiries and discussions, actual measurements, observations, document checks and other methods, we investigated the status of workers' injuries and discomforts during the work process, work risk factors, the ranking of workers' feeling of difficulty in their work, as well as the medical cases and the rate of absenteeism. Then, using the three-factor screening analysis method of "medical reaction", "worker reaction" and "work risk factors" (see Table 1), we classify the various jobs in the production system into general jobs, low-risk jobs and low-risk jobs according to the degree of ergonomics injury. The degree of production system is divided into general work, low-risk work, medium-risk work, high-risk work four categories. To confirm the dangerous work, prioritize and formulate corresponding countermeasures to prevent ergonomics injury.2 Ergonomics injury elimination and control The basic countermeasures to eliminate and control ergonomics injury are "three controls", namely: engineering control, work practice control, management control.
①Engineering control Engineering control is often a recommended method that is always feasible. The main points are: - according to ergonomic principles to redesign or improve certain parts of the production line, workbench, tools or equipment to avoid and reduce the repetitive action, excessive force or other hazards, for example, the design of the refill elevator instead of two people lifting the bucket to the high hopper refill; - "easy to adjust" should be the preferred items. Ergonomic hazards that can be easily adjusted should be the first to be addressed in the program. Some problems can be easily solved with very good results. Some problems cannot be completely solved by the "easy adjustment" approach, but it is desirable to improve the injury in a timely, simple and convenient manner. This is why "Easy Adjustment" is the right choice for quick results and low cost. An example of this is the use of an inclined plane to move objects instead of manually. -Adjustability" should be the basic idea of the new design. For example, chairs and workstations are designed to be adjustable in height, so that they can be adapted to different heights and different requirements of users.
②Work practice control Work practice control refers to the worker in the work process in accordance with the correct ergonomic methods of work, consciously to prevent ergonomic injuries. Therefore, the necessary education and training for workers. Work practice control includes the following: - performing work in an appropriate manner; - using tools and equipment correctly; - adopting the correct body position and posture while working; - using appropriate personal protective equipment.
③Management Controls Management controls are those designed to reduce the duration, frequency, or other methods of reducing or eliminating ergonomic injuries. For example: - slowing down the pace of a particular job; - providing the correct system of work and rest breaks; - selecting the right staff for a particular job; - reducing working hours; - practicing job rotation.
The above are the basic methods to eliminate and control ergonomic injuries. In addition, regular physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, develop good working and living habits, maintain high energy and pleasant mood, is an effective way to prevent ergonomic injuries.3 Training on ergonomic injuries Through training on ergonomic injuries, managers, supervisors and inspectors, engineers and technicians, allied health personnel and other personnel can understand and make clear the basic concepts of ergonomic engineering and causes and results of ergonomic injuries, and propose ways to deal with the problems. Causes, results, and proposed ways to deal with the problem .
Different training programs and requirements for different training targets.
①Members of ergonomics committee In order to improve the quality of work, prevent ergonomic injuries, create a safe, healthy and comfortable working environment and labor conditions, promote ergonomics culture and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the production system, the enterprise should establish an ergonomics committee. The training of the members of the ergonomics committee should meet the following requirements: - Clearly define their respective division of labor and specific tasks; - Familiarize themselves with the methods of evaluating and controlling the risk factors of ergonomics injuries; - Master the evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of ergonomics programs.
2 ② managers The importance and support of the management of the enterprise is the key to the success of the work. Through training, managers will: - be aware of the existence and potential impact of ergonomic injuries; - be aware of the opportunities, fundamentals, and logistics of eliminating and controlling ergonomic injuries; and - recognize the level of commitment and support required for successful completion of an ergonomics program.
3) Engineers (especially industrial engineers) - Ergonomic principles to be followed in designing production lines, tools, work benches, etc.; - Familiarity with risk factors for ergonomic injuries; - Familiarity with engineering design techniques to minimize hazards and maximize efficiency.
4. Supervisors and inspectors - are able to observe and recognize ergonomic injury hazards; - are familiar with methods of monitoring work conditions and motivating workers to correct poor work habits.
5. Health care professionals - can recognize and diagnose ergonomic injuries (illnesses) at an early stage; - medical management training: refers to the basic medical treatment of ergonomic injuries (illnesses), the ability to recommend secondary medical treatment, the ability to formulate a recovery plan, facilitate the return of the worker to the workplace, and recommend the exchange of work assignments.
6 other employee training - basic knowledge of ergonomics; - be able to observe and identify risk factors for ergonomic injuries; - encouraged to report ergonomic-related injuries and illnesses; - encouraged to participate in the process of solving ergonomic problems; 4 medical management control and eliminate ergonomic injuries is an effective way to detect the problem early, timely medical treatment. Early detection can make the success rate of the treatment of injuries (illnesses) greatly improved. The perfect ergonomics injury file is to analyze the cause of injury, loss and its frequency and development trend of the important information, but also the development of ergonomics injury prevention program basis. Therefore, the establishment of man-machine engineering injury medical management system is very important.
The main contents of medical management service are: early investigation of ergonomic injuries; diagnosis of ergonomic injuries; basic treatment of ergonomic injuries