The first article recycling of waste batteries
A battery refers to a device that can directly convert other forms of energy into electrical energy. The earliest battery can be traced back to the Volta battery invented by Italian physicist Volta 200 years ago, which made people get a relatively stable and continuous current for the first time, which is of epoch-making significance. Under the guidance of the principle of Volta battery and the spirit of R&D, people have made continuous efforts to develop new types of batteries, from dry batteries widely used by people to new solar cells, lithium polymer batteries and fuel cells.
However, with the rapid development of science and technology today, with the increasing popularity of electronic equipment and various portable devices, the status and role of batteries in production and life are also increasing day by day, and their usage is also increasing greatly, resulting in more and more waste batteries. However, due to people's improper disposal of waste batteries, it has caused great harm to the environment and unreasonable waste of resources. In fact, there are still many available resources in waste batteries. As long as we do a good job of recycling, used batteries will no longer be "terrible".
I. Types of batteries
There are many different kinds of batteries in the current market. As shown in the following table:
primary battery
Chemical composition of species chemical composition of species
Zinc-manganese dry battery zinc | ammonium chloride, zinc chloride | manganese dioxide lead-acid battery lead | sulfuric acid | lead oxide
Alkaline zinc-manganese dry battery zinc | potassium hydroxide | manganese dioxide | nickel cadmium battery cadmium | potassium hydroxide | nickel oxide
Zinc-silver battery zinc | potassium hydroxide | silver nickel oxide metal hydride battery nickel hydroxide | potassium hydroxide | magnesium hydroxide
Lithium battery LilMnO2, LilCF2 zinc oxide battery Zn|KOH|Ag2O.
Zinc-mercury battery zinc | potassium hydroxide | mercuric oxide zinc air battery zinc | potassium hydroxide | oxygen
Different batteries have different structures and components, which also determines different characteristics.
Chemical batteries can be divided into primary batteries (also known as primary batteries) and secondary batteries (also known as storage batteries, commonly known as rechargeable batteries, which can be reused many times) according to whether they can be recharged.
The primary battery can be divided into six series: ordinary zinc manganese (neutral zinc manganese), alkaline zinc manganese, zinc mercury, zinc air, magnesium manganese and zinc silver. Secondary batteries mainly include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, alkaline manganese rechargeable batteries and lead-acid batteries.
In digital equipment, the commonly used battery types are dry battery (including alkaline battery), nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery and lithium-ion battery.
Dry battery: This is one of the most commonly used battery types. Many people have used dry batteries, but few people know its structure. Generally, our commonly used dry batteries are also called zinc-manganese batteries. It can be divided into carbon-zinc battery and zinc chloride battery. Its advantages are high energy density, suitable current density and easy realization of mechanized production. Unfortunately, due to the lack of energy density, this battery is generally only used for low-power electronic products, such as alarm clocks and calculators. If you are going to use him to open your digital camera, I'm afraid you will be disappointed.
Cylindrical Zn-Mn batteries can be divided into paste Zn-Mn batteries and cardboard Zn-Mn batteries due to different diaphragms. Among them, cardboard zinc-manganese battery has different electrical properties due to different formula composition, and it is also divided into C-type cardboard battery (carbon-zinc battery), also known as high-capacity battery; P-type cardboard battery (zinc chloride battery), also known as high-power battery. Generally, dry batteries in supermarkets or retail markets are all of this kind, which is marked as super heavy. The power capacity of "C" battery is about 20% lower than that of "P" battery. Generally speaking, these batteries come with the goods. The packaging of dry batteries is divided into four types: paper shell (commonly used "C" type), PVC, iron shell and lead skin. At the same time, according to the mercury content (the basic standard is 15ppm), there are environmental protection and non-environmental protection.
Alkaline Zn-Mn battery: It is an important role in dry battery. This kind of battery is what we often call "alkaline battery". Because of its large capacity, strong current and durability, the market demand for this kind of battery is increasing. However, some manufacturers' alkaline batteries are environmentally-friendly mercury-containing batteries, because if silver oxide is added to the composition of such batteries, their capacitance can be increased by more than 30%, but at the same time, the retail price is relatively high. So far, alkaline battery is the most successful high-capacity battery and one of the most cost-effective batteries at present. It changes the internal structure and electrochemical system of traditional batteries. Compared with using extremely pure and active anode and cathode materials, its discharge capacity is 5-7 times that of ordinary dry batteries, and its storage life is 2 times that of ordinary batteries. On the other hand, alkaline batteries are also favored because of their perfect discharge curve, especially suitable for occasions that need continuous high current discharge, such as cameras, electric toys, BP machines, walkman, electric shavers and so on.
Nickel-manganese battery: this is the latest battery variety announced in March 2002-alkaline nickel-manganese high current battery. Because of the high power consumption of digital cameras, the current of ordinary alkaline batteries can't be driven until the power is completely used up, which is a waste. The new generation of Ni-Mn battery adopts "NiOH" which was only added to Ni-MH battery in the past as the cathode material, and successfully develops a new type of battery whose power is not easy to decrease with the use time. This battery not only has high current, but also has a battery life of 1.5 ~ 5 times that of ordinary alkaline batteries.
Nickel-cadmium battery: Nickel-cadmium battery is the earliest battery type used in mobile phones, notebook computers and other devices. It has good high current discharge characteristics, strong overcharge resistance and simple maintenance. The most fatal disadvantage of nickel-cadmium battery is that if it is not handled properly during charging and discharging, it will produce serious "memory effect" and greatly shorten its service life. The so-called "memory effect" means that the battery charge is not completely discharged before charging, which will lead to the decrease of battery capacity with the passage of time. In the process of battery charging and discharging (obvious discharge), some small bubbles will be generated on the battery plate, which will reduce the area of the battery plate over time and indirectly affect the battery capacity. Of course, we can reduce the "memory effect" by mastering reasonable charging and discharging methods. In addition, cadmium is toxic, so nickel-cadmium batteries are not conducive to protecting the ecological environment. Due to many shortcomings, nickel-cadmium batteries have been basically eliminated from the application range of digital equipment batteries.
The packaging of nickel-cadmium battery can be divided into two types: retail anode bump and assembled anode flat head packaging, and there is no difference in capacity. In the charging circuit, similar to the Ni-MH battery described below, it is charged with 1.6 times voltage. Usually, the charging times of Ni-Cd battery are 300 ~ 800 times, and the capacity will drop to about 80% after 500 times of charging and discharging. The memory effect of Ni-Cd battery is more serious than that of Ni-MH battery. Therefore, it must be charged when there is no electricity at all to ensure the service life.
Ni-MH battery: Ni-MH battery is an alternative product of early Ni-Cd battery, and toxic cadmium is no longer used, which can eliminate the pollution of heavy metal elements to the environment. It uses nickel oxide as anode and hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy as cathode. Because this alloy can absorb hydrogen up to 0/00 times its own volume/kloc-,it has extremely strong storage capacity. The energy density of Ni-MH battery is higher than that of Ni-Cd battery, and its capacity is several times that of Ni-Cd battery. In addition, it has the same voltage of1.2v as that of Ni-Cd battery, and its own discharge characteristics. It can be charged within one hour, with low internal resistance, and can be charged and discharged for more than 500 times. Ni-MH battery has a large energy density ratio, which means that it can effectively extend the working time of digital equipment without adding extra weight. At the same time, Ni-MH battery is basically similar to Ni-Cd battery in electrical characteristics, and can completely replace Ni-Cd battery in practical application without any modification of equipment. Another advantage of Ni-MH battery is that it greatly reduces the "memory effect" of Ni-Cd battery, which makes Ni-MH battery more convenient to use.
Lithium-manganese battery: Before introducing lithium batteries, let's learn about the types of lithium batteries. Lithium battery is the most widely used lithium button battery at present (we originally called it mercury battery, because of pollution and capacitance problems, the wire has been gradually replaced by lithium-manganese formula). The base voltage is 3.0V, and the maximum capacitance can reach 1200mAH. This kind of battery can be designed to be light, thin, short and high capacity. In addition, the discharge curve is stable, so many high-tech products such as motherboards use it as a backup battery for memory. In addition, the cylindrical lithium battery has large capacity and low internal resistance, and can discharge large current instantly, which is an excellent choice for the camera battery market. However, due to its high chemical activity, lithium metal should not be used too much in the same battery to avoid the danger of explosion.
Lithium chloride sulfite: This series of batteries has the highest discharge voltage among lithium batteries at present, which can reach 3.6V! When it discharges at constant current density at room temperature, the discharge curve is extremely flat. At -40℃, the capacity of this battery can still be maintained at about 50% of the normal temperature capacity, so it has excellent low-temperature operation performance. In addition, its annual self-discharge rate is about 2%, so its storage life can be as long as 10 years. At present, it shares two major markets of lithium batteries with lithium-manganese batteries.
Like other metallic lithium electrons, lithium-ion batteries have the ability to output high voltage, 3.0~4.0V, which is safer than metallic lithium, because they are in the state of lithium ion. Lithium-ion batteries do not have flowable liquid electrolyte, but use polymer electrolyte to conduct electricity. Later, Bell Laboratories put forward a new design concept of lithium battery, "plastic lithium-ion battery". What is different from lithium ion is the state of diaphragm material and electrolyte. The best binder for the three basic materials (anode and cathode and separator) is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). After treatment and shaping, 50%PTFE emulsion is used to form the battery body of lithium ion battery.
Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of light weight, large capacity and no memory effect, so it has been widely used-many digital devices now use lithium-ion battery as power supply, although its price is relatively expensive. Compared with Ni-MH battery, Li-ion battery is 30 ~ 40% lighter than Ni-MH battery, but its energy ratio is 60% higher. Because of this, the production and sales of lithium-ion batteries are gradually surpassing that of nickel-hydrogen batteries. Lithium-ion battery has high energy density, its capacity is 1.5 ~ 2 times that of the same weight nickel-hydrogen battery, and its charge and discharge times can reach more than 500 times, and its self-discharge rate is very low. In addition, the advantages of almost no "memory effect" and no toxic substances are also important reasons for its wide application.
Alkaline manganese rechargeable battery: It is developed on the basis of alkaline zinc manganese battery. Because of the application of mercury-free zinc powder and new additives, it is also called mercury-free alkaline manganese battery. This kind of battery can be recharged for dozens to hundreds of times without changing the discharge characteristics of the original alkaline battery, which is more economical and practical.
Lithium polymer battery (also called li-polymer): It has many obvious advantages, such as high energy density, miniaturization, ultra-thin and light weight, high safety and low cost, etc. It is a new type of battery. In appearance, lithium polymer batteries have ultra-thin characteristics, and can be made into batteries of any shape and capacity to meet the needs of various products. The minimum thickness that this battery can reach is 0.5 mm Imagine that the battery in the future can be as thin as a credit card. Isn't it incredible?
Lead-acid battery: In addition to the lithium battery mentioned above, lead-acid battery is also a very important battery system. However, its volume and weight have not been effectively improved, so it is most commonly used for starting cars and motorcycles. The biggest improvement of lead-acid battery is the recent completion of water regeneration by using high efficiency oxygen composite technology, achieving the purpose of complete sealing without adding water. The life of "anhydrous battery" can be as long as 4 years (single board voltage is 2V).
In addition, there is a clean battery-fuel cell, which is being tested.
Fuel cell: it is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through electrode reaction. Specifically, the fuel cell is a kind of "generator" which uses the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. When the battery is working, it needs to continuously supply living substances (active substances)-fuel and oxidant, which is different from other ordinary chemical batteries. The advantages of fuel cell are high energy conversion efficiency, high reliability, no noise, dust and radiation when working, and it is a clean energy source. This gadget can provide energy for mobile phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable devices. Compared with the current lithium-ion battery, the fuel cell with half the weight of the original lithium-ion battery can provide about 4 times the battery energy. However, this equipment is still being tested and has not been put into large-scale use.
Second, the harm of waste batteries
Because the batteries currently used contain highly toxic chemical elements, the harm is also considerable.
This battery contains a lot of heavy metals-zinc, lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese and so on. According to expert tests, a button cell can pollute 600,000 liters of water; A rotten battery in the ground can make a square meter of land useless. Experts pointed out that if waste batteries are mixed with domestic garbage, after the batteries rot, heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and nickel will be dissolved, polluting water and soil, and ultimately endangering human health through the food chain. If people are poisoned by mercury, they will suffer from central nervous system diseases, and the mortality rate is as high as 40%. Cadmium is classified as a Class IA carcinogen.
In China, for a long time, when producing dry batteries, a toxic substance-mercury or mercury compounds has to be added. In China, the mercury content of alkaline dry batteries is 1 ~ 5%, and that of neutral dry batteries is 0.025%. Every year, the mercury used in the production of dry batteries in China reaches dozens of tons. The zinc-mercury battery containing the most mercury in the dry battery accounts for about 20%~30% of the battery weight, and the alkaline dry battery accounts for about 1.3%. Ordinary zinc-manganese batteries contain less mercury.
Mercury (Hg) is what we commonly call "mercury". Mercury and its compounds are toxic. Scientists have found that mercury has obvious neurotoxicity and has adverse effects on endocrine system and immune system. Minamata disease is a public hazard that shocked the world in Japan in 1950s, which was caused by mercury pollution.
More than 40 years ago, in Minamata, a seaside town in southern Kyushu, Japan, a strange disease appeared among local residents. The patient began to lisp, gait instability, quadriplegia, and finally the whole body spasms, mental disorders, and died in painful torture. Later, more and more people were infected with the disease, and even cats and seabirds showed the same symptoms. Later, medical workers found toxic methylmercury from the dead and the bodies of marine fish, which proved that people were poisoned by eating contaminated fish. After investigation, it turned out that the local Japanese nitrogen fertilizer industry company discharged mercury-containing wastewater into Minamata Bay all the year round, which polluted the seawater with mercury, and the seafood caught locally contained high concentration of methylmercury.
In order to restore the ecological environment of Minamata Bay, the Japanese government spent 14 years and invested 48.5 billion yen to excavate 4 meters of mercury-containing sediments in Minamata Bay and completely remove them. At the same time, an isolation net was set at the entrance of Minamata Bay to catch all the polluted fish in the bay for landfill. Masayoshi Yoshii, the mayor of Minamata, Japan, who witnessed the outbreak of Minamata disease, said with emotion: "After nearly half a century of unremitting efforts, we finally got out of the shadow of Minamata disease and are building a new Minamata city. Therefore, I hope that the whole world will learn from the lessons of Minamata disease in Japan, get rid of ignorant production methods, and advocate civilized production methods. "
Because the harm of waste batteries is so great, so. It is urgent to recycle waste batteries reasonably and effectively.
It is understood that at present, in developed countries, mercury-containing batteries have been eliminated, and dry batteries have achieved mercury-free or low mercury. Ming Xiu Kobayashi, consultant of the China-Japan Friendship Environmental Protection Center and a Japanese expert, said that dry batteries produced and used in Japan are mercury-free. Because there is no mercury, the harm of waste batteries to the environment is greatly reduced, and the cost of landfill treatment is also reduced.
Since 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, for battery manufacturers, it is necessary to improve the process equipment and raw material formula to produce environmentally friendly batteries, which will undoubtedly increase capital investment and production costs, and enterprises are not very willing. At present, some enterprises are indifferent to the "mercury restriction regulations" of batteries. It can be seen that the harm reduction status of waste batteries in China is not optimistic.
Third, battery recovery and disposal methods
There are generally three ways to dispose of waste batteries in the world: solidification and deep burial, storage in abandoned mines and recycling. Many countries in western Europe have special waste battery recycling bins, not only in shops, but also directly on the streets. Many countries have special factories for classified recycling. Many places in China have taken measures. For example, Beijing, Shenyang, Shijiazhuang, Anshan and other cities have introduced relevant policies, set up special recycling bins or sites, and Nanjing even handed in used batteries to watch cheap movies. At the same time, some individuals have made efforts. For example, Rural Women's Field in Xinxiang County, Henan Province, founded the first environmental protection website founded by farmers in China, and invested heavily in recycling used batteries. Children in Chongwen District of Beijing even used waste batteries to spell out a map of the world to promote environmental protection.
However, despite this, the process of recycling used batteries is not smooth. Take Beijing as an example. From May 1998 to May 1999, * * recycled waste dry batteries 14 tons, which is very small compared with the consumption of 3,000 tons in the whole city in the same period. Similarly, at present, the recovery rate of waste dry batteries in Shanghai is less than110 of the total output. The low recovery rate directly limits the expansion of treatment scale and the improvement of treatment technology, and then seriously hinders the industrialization process of recycling waste dry batteries.
From 65438 to 0999, Beijing Environmental Sanitation Bureau cooperated with more than 50 fast food restaurants and more than 40 chain stores such as McDonald's, Rogers, Polaris Photo Agency, Good Neighbor, Aotukai and Xinjiekou Department Store to collect used batteries. The collection boxes on battery counters in some shopping malls and the special sorting boxes of Environmental Sanitation Bureau formed a large net to "search" small batteries. Disproportionately, there are 3,000 tons of waste batteries in Beijing every year, but only about 10 tons are "pulled online". According to Lu Jianguo of the Useful Garbage Recycling Center of Beijing Environmental Sanitation Bureau, although the recycling center promised to recycle 30 kilograms at home, the effect is still not obvious. McDonald's recycled about half of the used batteries.
200 1 Changchun City put 200 green waste battery recycling boxes in the urban area, and recovered a large number of waste batteries. However, the results of some recycling bins are worrying. Many of them have become "garbage bins" for people to throw garbage, and some even encounter the embarrassment of "sealing". Relevant people believe that this is the result of people's weak awareness of environmental protection and insufficient publicity. On both sides of the battery counter in Changchun Department Store, there are two waste battery recycling boxes. A closer look reveals that their "mouths" are all sealed by advertising posters. According to Miss Wang of the counter, almost no one has invested in waste batteries since the recycling bin was put here. Everyone uses the recycling bin as a dustbin, throwing some scraps of peel paper, and some people even spit in it. And they have no obligation to clean up these dirty things, but if they don't, they will be fined. So they simply cleaned up the recycling box and sealed the "mouth" to reduce the trouble. In Zhuo Zhan Shopping Center and Hengkelong Supermarket, although the recycling bins are not sealed, they only enjoy the treatment of ordinary garbage bins. According to the service staff in the mall, there are very few people throwing batteries. Most of the recycling bins are scraps of paper, peels and empty bottles. If you look closely, you can find that one or two waste batteries are mixed with soil.
In Hangzhou, 200 1, 88% people think that the waste batteries are "very serious", but nearly 80% of the citizens think that the waste battery recycling activities are "irrelevant to themselves" or "have no time to participate". According to statistics, the current annual battery consumption in Hangzhou is about 20 million knots. Residents throw away used batteries together with up to 87% of domestic garbage. The reason is that the current recycling method is too troublesome. There are only about 300 recycling points in the whole urban area of Hangzhou, which is far from meeting the needs.
In Sanming, we have no policy measures in this regard. Because the data is difficult to count, we can't count the pollution hazards of waste batteries in Sanming every year, but we must pay attention to it.
Therefore, it is necessary to adopt reasonable and effective recycling technology for waste batteries.
For example, many countries in western Europe have set up special waste battery recycling bins not only in shops, but also directly on the streets. First, the collected waste batteries are screened out by a special sieve. Button cell, used in watches, calculators and other small electronic instruments, generally contains mercury, which can be extracted and used, and then the nickel-cadmium batteries are manually sorted. A factory in France extracts nickel and cadmium from it, then nickel is used for steelmaking and cadmium is used for battery production. The remaining waste batteries are generally transported to a special toxic harmful waste landfill, which is not only costly (for example, the cost of burying a ton of waste batteries in Germany is 1700 DM), but also wasteful, because there are many useful substances that can be used as raw materials.
Switzerland has two factories specializing in the treatment and utilization of used batteries. The method adopted by Battleck Company is to grind the waste batteries and then send them to the furnace for heating. At this time, the volatile mercury can be extracted, and zinc will evaporate at a higher temperature. It is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are melted to form ferromanganese alloy for steelmaking. The factory can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year, and can obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another factory directly extracts iron from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide as metal scrap.
However, the cost of heat treatment is high, and Switzerland also stipulates that each battery buyer should be charged a small amount of special expenses for waste battery treatment. A "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburb of magdeburg, China. All kinds of batteries except lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resin. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than those obtained by heat treatment, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet processing can save the sorting process (because sorting is manual operation, which will increase the cost). The annual processing capacity of this device in magdeburg can reach 7,500 tons. Although its cost is slightly higher than that of landfill, precious raw materials will not be discarded and will not pollute the environment.
The vacuum heat treatment method developed by Alte company in Germany is cheaper, but it needs to sort out the nickel-cadmium batteries from the waste batteries, heat the waste batteries in vacuum, quickly recover mercury, then grind the remaining raw materials, extract metallic iron with magnets, and then extract nickel and manganese from the remaining powder. The cost of treating one ton of waste batteries is less than 1500 mark.
In the past, it was difficult to dispose of old batteries in China, because the resources in the old batteries could not be fully and effectively separated and utilized, and the secondary pollution during the treatment was serious. At present, there are four main treatment methods in China: manual separation method, dry method, wet method and dry-wet method. Manual separation and recovery method is to classify the recovered waste dry batteries, manually separate carbon rods, copper caps, zinc skins and various residues, and treat them with corresponding methods. This method is simple, but it requires a lot of labor and has poor economic benefits. The so-called dry method, also called smoke method or fire method, is that waste dry batteries are sorted, screened and crushed, and then put into a roasting furnace to be roasted at 600-800 degrees, and the discharged gas is condensed to extract mercury, and then the roasting slag is put into a rotary kiln to be roasted at low temperature at 1 100- 1300 degrees. By this method, the zinc in dry batteries can be recovered by ordinary smelters without increasing equipment and labor. If other substances need to be further recovered, additional equipment is needed. The so-called wet method is to classify and crush dry batteries, put them into a leaching tank, add dilute sulfuric acid for leaching, then filter and extract zinc from the filtrate. Manganese is further extracted from the residual sludge after the copper cover iron sheet is separated from the filter residue. This method can utilize the existing equipment and technology of zinc hydrometallurgy plant to recycle waste dry batteries. Dry-wet method combines the advantages of dry method and wet method. Firstly, mercury and part of zinc are recovered by roasting, and then manganese and residual zinc are recovered by leaching and electrodeposition. With this method, the recovery effect is better, but the process is more complicated and the cost is higher.
Now, it is reported from University of Science and Technology Beijing that researchers have found a new method different from foreign pyrometallurgical treatment. Wet process can fully and harmlessly treat waste dry batteries and recycle them, which improves the utilization rate of waste batteries.
According to Wang Huajun of University of Science and Technology Beijing, who is in charge of studying this process, 82.5% of useful components in waste batteries can be recovered by this method, in which the total recovery rate of zinc is 83.54% and that of manganese dioxide is 8 1.9 1%. The waste residue containing mercury can be sent to a special factory for treatment, and the industrial wastewater can be recycled after treatment without secondary pollution. Wang Huajun said that this process has been studied for more than a year, but some external environmental difficulties need to be solved in order to be popularized and industrialized.
CECO Jinghua Zhong Yi Huaneng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. has successfully developed "Waste Battery Treatment Technology". This technology uses horizontal roasting furnace technology to recover waste batteries. First, the waste batteries are crushed, and then various substances are recycled separately. The whole set of technology can handle 50T systems every day, and all the equipment is localized, which greatly saves the cost. Using the computer network control and data transmission technology of the system function module, the broken waste batteries are sorted and classified. Metal substances such as zinc, manganese, silver, nickel, mercury, cadmium, iron, etc. are extracted and recovered, and the slag can also be used to make building materials, and the substances that cannot be used are treated in an environmentally friendly way, which changes the shortcomings of complicated procedures, long technological process and high treatment cost in the past, and realizes the harmless, resource-based and stable comprehensive utilization of waste batteries.
According to the above information, it is not difficult to see the importance of reasonable recycling of used batteries. So, what should we do under the current social conditions? Lan, deputy director of the Solid Waste Committee of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, said that the key is to establish a recycling system for used dry batteries as soon as possible. The state should give some support in policies and regulations, scientific and technological innovation and capital investment. Formulate relevant policies and regulations, stipulate that waste dry batteries must be recycled, and prohibit throwing waste dry batteries into domestic garbage at will; Formulate scientific and reasonable packaging standards for dry batteries and simplify the classification of waste dry batteries after recycling; Give preferential policies and funds to scientific research units and enterprises that actively participate in the recycling of used dry batteries to ensure the capital appreciation of investors and the priority promotion of unit products; Create various convenient conditions for the recycling of waste dry batteries, such as setting up waste dry batteries recycling boxes in public places, implementing mortgage system or adopting trade-in system when selling batteries to ensure the recovery rate of waste dry batteries; Strengthen publicity, raise the awareness of environmental protection of the whole people, and establish the concept that waste dry batteries must be recycled; Dry battery manufacturers should also make due contributions to the recycling of waste dry batteries, such as paying special industry pollution tax and bearing certain recycling costs. In addition, environmental protection departments at all levels, financial institutions, scientific research units and processing plants should strengthen cooperation, increase investment, and promote the development and industrialization of waste dry battery recycling technology. Only by fully mobilizing all social forces and forming the momentum of national participation and multi-party efforts can we finally promote the recycling and development of waste dry batteries.
Through this investigation, we can easily find that the recycling of used batteries has a very broad prospect and far-reaching social significance, and needs more publicity. We middle school students should actually start from ourselves and accumulate bit by bit. We hope to launch the activity of recycling used batteries and support this environmental protection cause that benefits the country and the people. Leave more green for the future of the motherland!