What are the criteria for organ transplantation?

Organ transplantation (organ transplantation) An operation to transplant a healthy organ into another person, usually to restore its function quickly, in order to compensate the recipient for the loss of function of the corresponding organ due to a fatal disease. Organ transplantation in a broad sense includes cell transplantation and tissue transplantation. If the donor who donated the organ and the recipient who received the organ are the same person, this kind of transplantation is called autologous transplantation; Although the donor and recipient are not the same person, the donor and recipient (identical twins) have exactly the same genetic quality. This kind of transplantation is called homogeneous transplantation. Transplantation between people is called allograft; Transplantation between animals of different species (such as liver transplantation of chimpanzee hearts or baboons to humans) belongs to xenotransplantation. Commonly used transplant organs are kidney, heart, liver, pancreas and islets, parathyroid gland, heart and lung, bone marrow, cornea and so on. In developed countries, renal transplantation has become the first choice for benign end-stage renal disease (such as chronic renal failure caused by chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis). In order to standardize and strengthen the management of clinical application of human organ transplantation technology, ensure medical quality and safety, and protect patients' health, the Ministry of Health recently formulated the Interim Provisions on the Management of Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplantation Technology, which will come into force on July 1, 26. There are 47 articles in chapter 5 of the Regulations, including general provisions, registration of diagnosis and treatment subjects, clinical application management, supervision and management and supplementary provisions. The Regulations require that medical institutions to carry out the clinical application of human organ transplantation technology must apply to the provincial health administrative department for registration of the corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the regulations. Medical institutions applying for the registration of corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation shall, in principle, be Grade III A hospitals, and must have on-the-job practicing doctors in our hospital who have the clinical application ability of human organ transplantation and other professional and technical personnel who are suitable for the human organ transplantation; Having equipment and facilities suitable for the clinical application of human organ transplantation technology; Committee on clinical application and ethics of human organ transplantation technology; There are perfect technical specifications and management systems. Medical institutions that have not obtained the registration of the corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects for organ transplantation may not carry out human organ transplantation. Medical practitioners who do not have the clinical application ability of human organ transplantation may not carry out organ transplantation. Medical practitioners with the clinical application ability of organ transplantation are not allowed to carry out organ transplantation in medical institutions that have not obtained the registration of corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation. The provincial health administrative department shall not register medical institutions that do not have the ability to carry out the clinical application of human organ transplantation and do not meet the clinical application plan of human organ transplantation technology in their respective administrative areas; For medical institutions that have obtained the corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation, if the average long-term survival rate of patients can not meet the relevant requirements, the registration of the corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation shall be revoked in time. The Ministry of Health conducts inspections on human organ transplantation in medical institutions that have obtained corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects for organ transplantation. Where it is found that medical institutions that carry out human organ transplantation do not meet the requirements, the provincial health administrative department shall be ordered to cancel the registration of corresponding professional diagnosis and treatment subjects of organ transplantation in medical institutions, and the responsible person in charge and other responsible persons shall be given administrative sanctions according to law, depending on the seriousness of the case. The "Regulations" emphasize that organ transplantation shall not be carried out for those who do not conform to laws and regulations and the principles of medical ethics. Before each human organ transplant, a medical institution must submit the human organ transplant cases to the Human Organ Transplantation Technology and Ethics Committee of the medical institution for full discussion, and explain the legality and matching of the human organ source. Only after consent can the organ transplant be carried out for the patient. Before organ transplantation, medical institutions should inform patients and their families of the purpose of operation, surgical risks, postoperative precautions, possible complications and preventive measures, and sign an informed consent form. The "Regulations" clearly stated that human organs should not be bought or sold; Organs used for transplantation in clinical practice in medical institutions must be approved in writing by donors; Donors have the right to refuse to donate organs before organ transplantation.