Chapter 1: Basic Knowledge of Hazardous Chemicals1
Section 1: Overview of Hazardous Chemicals1
I. Basic Concepts of Hazardous Chemicals1
II. Production Characteristics of Hazardous Chemicals2
III. Hazards of Hazardous Chemicals3
IV. Control of Hazards of Hazardous Chemicals14
Section 2: Classification and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals17
I. Principles of Classification17
II. Classification and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals17
I. Principles of Classification of Hazardous Chemicals17
II. Classification of Hazardous Chemicals17
III. Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals21
Section III: Characteristics of Hazardous Chemicals23
I. Hazardous Characteristics24
II. Characteristics of Various Types of Hazardous Chemicals29
Section IV Terminology of Hazardous Chemicals46
I. Overview of Terminology46
II. General Terminology47
III. Explosives Nomenclature47
Section V. Hazardous Chemicals Regulations and Standards 49
I. Introduction to Regulations49
II. Introduction to Standards49
III.
Fourth, the standard reading method53
Fifth, the introduction of hazardous chemicals related regulations and standards55
Sixth, the relationship between standards and technical regulations55
Chapter 2: Identification and Control of Chemical Hazardous Sources57
Section 1: Identification of Chemical Hazardous Sources57
I. The Concept of Hazardous Sources57
Second, the three elements and categories of hazardous sources59
Third, chemical hazardous sources63
Fourth, identification of hazardous sources63
Fifth, identification of chemical hazardous sources66
Section II: Classification of Chemical Hazardous Sources70
One, Classification of Hazardous Sources70
One, Classification of Hazardous Sources70
Two, Specific Classification of Chemical Hazardous Sources70
Section III: Overview of Hazardous Chemical Equipment74
I. Pressure Vessels75
II. Mobile Pressure Vessels81
III. Gas Cylinders83
IV. Pressure Piping87
Section IV: Identification of Major Hazardous Sources96
I. Definition of Major Hazardous Sources97
II. Classification97
Three, Identification of Major Dangerous Sources98
Four, Scope of Declaration and Registration of Major Dangerous Sources103
Section V. Management and Control of Major Dangerous Sources104
Objectives and Tasks104
Two, Requirements for Supervision and Management of Major Dangerous Sources105
Chapter III: Overview of the Emergency Response and Rescue System of Chemical Accidents106
Chemical Accident Emergency Response and Rescue Overview of Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue System106
Section 1: The Necessity of Establishing Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue System106
I. Status of China's Chemical Production and Operation106
II. Gap with Internationally Developed Countries107
III. 108
I. Overview108
II. Development of Emergency Rescue System in Advanced Countries109
III. Disaster Emergency Rescue System in the United States110
IV. Chemical Safety Management and Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue System in Europe116
V. Disaster Emergency Rescue System in Japan118
VI, Australia's chemical safety management system 121
VII. Hazardous Chemical Safety and Rescue in the Russian Federation 122
Section III: Overview of China's Chemical Accident Emergency Response and Rescue System 123
I. Status of China's Chemical Accident Emergency Response and Rescue Work 123
II, Existing major problems130
Section IV Chemical Accident Emergency Rescue System Construction131
I. Guiding Ideology of Emergency Rescue of Hazardous Chemical Accidents131
II. Basic Principles of Emergency Rescue of Hazardous Chemical Accidents131
III. Rescue Objectives133
V. Tasks of Emergency Rescue for Hazardous Chemical Accidents133
VI. Structure of Emergency Rescue System for Chemical Accidents134
Chapter 4: Emergency Response and Rescue Plans for Dangerous Chemical Accidents139
Section 1: Overview of Emergency Response and Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals139
I. The Concept of Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Rescue Plan139
II. The Role and Significance of Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Rescue Plan140
III. Legal and Regulatory Bases for Preparation of Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Rescue Plan141
IV. Requirements and Procedures for Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals Accidents142
Section II: Classification of Emergency Rescue Plans144
I, Classification of Emergency Rescue Plan144
II. Basic Structure of the Plan145
III. Document Structure of Emergency Rescue Plan147
IV. Basic Composition of Emergency Rescue Plan148
Section III: Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals in Enterprises148
I. 149
II. Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals149
III. Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals in Enterprises (Examples)157
Section IV. Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals in Government159
I. Overview of Emergency Rescue Plans for Government Departments159
II. Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Government Hazardous Chemicals160
Third, Government Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals (Examples)167
Section V. Connection between Enterprises and Government Emergency Rescue Systems for Hazardous Chemicals173
One, Filing of Emergency Rescue Plans173
One, Connection between Emergency Response Organizations174
On the other hand, the connection of emergency response resources174
Four, Connection of Emergency Response Information174
Fourth, the interface of emergency information174
Fifth, the interface with other emergency plans174
Sixth, the establishment of regional emergency rescue coordination mechanism174
Section VI of the hazardous chemicals emergency response plan management175
One, the evaluation and release of the emergency response plan175
Second, the release of the emergency response plan176
Three, the implementation of the emergency plan176
Four, the plan of modification and revision177
Section VII of the emergency rescue plan for hazardous chemicals, training and exercises177
I. Emergency rescue plan publicity, education and training177
Second, the types of emergency plan exercises178
Three, the purpose of the exercise and the requirements 179
Four, drill preparation180
Five, drill planning182
Six, drill implementation183
Seven, drill evaluation, summary and tracking185
Chapter V. Hazardous Chemical Accident Scene Rescue187
Section I. Overview187
I. The concept of hazardous chemical accident scene rescue187
I. Concept 187
II. Professional Characteristics of Hazardous Chemical Accident Scene Rescue 187
Section II. Preparation for Hazardous Chemical Accident Scene Rescue 188
I. Conditions to be Met by Personnel Engaged in Hazardous Chemical Accident Scene Rescue Operations 188
II. Technical Training for Hazardous Chemical Accident Rescue Personnel 188
III, Hazardous chemical accident scene rescue preparations 189
Section 3: Hazardous chemical accident scene rescue procedures 191
One, receive the report 191
Two, mobilization of rescue forces 191
Three, set up 192
Quarterly, inquiries and detection 192
Five, isolation and evacuation 192
Fourth, protection 192
VI. Protection193
VII. On-site First Aid194
VIII. Spill Disposal195
IX. On-site Decontamination196
X. Fire Control196
XI. Withdrawal of Points198
Section IV. Isolation and Evacuation198
I. Domestic Hazardous Chemical Spill Accident Scene Isolation and evacuation area determination198
II. Isolation and evacuation area determination of foreign hazardous chemical leakage accident scene200
Section V. Hazardous chemical accident scene protection201
I. Respiratory protection201
II. Hand and foot protection202
Section VI: First aid at the scene of hazardous chemical accidents203
I. Purpose and significance of first aid at the scene of hazardous chemical accidents203
II. Basic principles of first aid at the scene of hazardous chemical accidents203
III. Commonly used first aid at the scene of basic methods204
Section VII: Self-help methods at the scene of accidents206
Section VII. Accident scene self-rescue methods206
I. Basic principles of hazardous chemicals scene self-rescue206
II. Basic methods of hazardous chemicals scene self-rescue206
III. Hazardous chemicals fire self-rescue methods207
Section VIII. Overview of decontamination 208
Basic method of decontamination of hazardous chemical accident scene209
Third, the way of decontamination of hazardous chemical accident scene212
Fourth, the introduction of commonly used disinfectants212
Fifth, the implementation of decontamination of the scene of hazardous chemical accidents213
Fourth, decontamination of the scene of hazardous chemical accidents applications Examples216
Section 9: Collection and Disposal of Leakage217
I. Dike and Trench Blockage218
II. Dilution and Cover 219
III. Precautions in the rescue of chemical accidents 228
I. Precautions for the safety protection of rescue personnel 228
II. Precautions for rescue personnel to enter the contaminated area 228
III. Precautions in the rescue 228
IV. Precautions in the treatment of leaks 228
V. Precautions in the on-site medical emergency 229
VI. Precautions in medical emergency 229
VI. Precautions in organizing and directing the evacuation of people from the polluted area 229
Chapter VI: Leakage of hazardous chemicals and pressure sealing technology 231
Section 1: Leakage of hazardous chemicals 231
I: Definition of Leakage 231
II: Classification of Leakage 232
III: Leakage of flanges and flanges 232
I: Leakage of flanges and flanges 232
II. >Flange and flange leakage234
Four, equipment and pipeline leakage236
Five, valves and valve leakage245
Section 2: Mechanisms of Pressure Sealing Technology251
One, overview of pressure sealing technology251
Second, pressure sealing technology, definitions and mechanisms252
Section 3: Injection type Pressure sealing technology253
I. Basic principle of injection type pressure sealing technology253
II. Injection type pressure sealing technology machine assembly253
III. Special sealing injection253
IV. Pressure sealing fixture255
V. High-pressure injection gun262
Fourth section of the pressurized adhesive sealing technology 264
One, filler bonding method 264
Two, filler bonding method characteristics 264
Three, hot melt adhesive filler bonding method 265
Four, plugging adhesive filler bonding method 265
Five, filling adhesive filler bonding method 267
Four, top pressure adhesive bonding method 269
Seven, fastening adhesive bonding method 275
VIII, diversionary bonding method 276
IX, magnetic compression bonding method 277
X, T-bolt bonding method 278
Section V, the top-tightening sealing technology with pressure 280
One, tightening method 280
Second, the plug and wedge method 282
Third, the air-cushion stopping the leakage of the method 282
Section VI Welding sealing technology with pressure 283
I. Reverse welding method 283
II. Welding sealing technology with pressure diversion 283
Section VII Chemical Accident Leakage Site Survey 284
I. Hazardous factors of leakage site and protection of surveyors 284
II. Leakage site environmental survey 285
Three, the leakage medium survey 285
Four, the leakage site survey 286
Five, the precautions 287
Section VIII of the pressure sealing technology safety protection research 289
One, the chemical leakage accident scene hazardous factors 289
Two, chemical leakage accidents can lead to disastrous consequences 289
Three, pressure sealing operator safety protection291
Section IX chemical accident pressure sealing method selection293
Section X pressure sealing technology safety precautions 294
Section XI hazardous chemical leakage pressure sealing technology application examples295
One, a chemical plant ethylbenzene leakage 295
Second, propylene tanker large leakage accident rescue pressure sealing296
Chapter VII Emergency Disposal of Common Hazardous Chemicals303
Section 1: Principles of Disposal of Hazardous Chemical Fire Accidents303
Section 2: Typical Accidental Emergency Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals304
One: Emergency Disposal of Explosive Substances304
II. Emergency Disposal of Compressed or Liquefied Gases304
III. Emergency Disposal of Flammable Liquids305
IV. Emergency Disposal of Flammable Solids and Spontaneously Combustible Articles306
V. Emergency Disposal of Flammable Articles in Contact with Moisture307
VI. Emergency Disposal of Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides308
VII. Emergency Disposal308
VIII, radioactive substances emergency disposal309
IX, combustible toxic solid? Moisture / desensitized explosives emergency disposal 309
ten, stable performance of the emergency disposal of combustible gases 311
eleven, oxidizing substances emergency disposal 312
twelve, low / medium-hazardous substances emergency disposal 314
thirteen, poisonous, corrosive substances, non-combustible and water-sensitive substances emergency disposal 315
fourteen Emergency Disposal of Substances that are Irritating to the Human Body318
XV. Emergency Disposal of Toxic Non-combustible Substances319
XVI. Emergency Disposal of Mixed Hazardous Chemicals321
Section III. Emergency Disposal of Liquid Ammonia Accidents325
I. Physicochemical Properties of Ammonia325
II. Poisoning Disposal326
III, Leakage disposal327
Four, combustion and explosion disposal328
Section IV Emergency Disposal of Chlorine Gas Accidents328
I. Physical and Chemical Properties329
II. Poisoning First Aid329
III. Leakage Disposal331
Section V Emergency Disposal of Hydrogen Sulfide Accidents331
I. Physical and chemical properties 331
Second, first aid for poisoning332
Third, leakage disposal333
Fourth, combustion and explosion disposal333
Section VI Emergency Response to Liquefied Petroleum Gas Accidents334
One, physical and chemical properties334
Second, hazardous properties335
Third, public safety335
< p>Four, individual protection335V, isolation335
Six, emergency response335
Section VII Emergency Response to Oil Spills337
One, Basic Characteristics337
One, Hazardous Characteristics338
Three, Tactical Points338
Four, Procedures and Methods339
V. Water Disposal342
VI. Special Warning342
Section VIII Emergency Disposal of Cyanide Accidents342
I. Cyanide Poisoning343
II. Emergency Disposal of Water Spills344
Section IX Emergency Disposal of Nitric Acid Accidents345
I. Physical and Chemical Characteristics345
II. Poisoning345
III. Leakage Disposal346
IV. Fire348
Section X. Emergency Response to Accidents Involving the Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals on Roads348
I. Explosives348
II. Compressed Gases and Liquefied Gases348
III. Flammable Liquids349
IV, Flammable solids, spontaneous combustion items and moisture flammable items349
V. Oxidizers and organic peroxides349
VI. Poisonous and infectious items350
VII. Corrosive items350
Section XI Emergency Disposal Plan of Liquid Ammonia Accident in a Workshop350
I. Overview350
II. Purpose 350
Three, scope 350
Four, responsibility and authority 351
V. Disposal of NH3 (gas, liquid) chemical accidents 352
Chapter VIII Typical Chemical Accident Cases 353
Section I. Overview of the Accident 353
I. Definition of the Accident 353
The second, the classification of accidents 353
Third, the characteristics of accidents354
Section II: Major Accidents in the Production of Dangerous Chemicals354
I. 2004 Chongqing Tianyuan Chemical Plant "4-16" chlorine leakage explosion of a very large accident354
II. 2005 CNOOC Jilin Petrochemical double benzene plant "11-13" explosion 358
Section III of the major accidents in the storage of hazardous chemicals 363
One, in 1989, Shandong Hua Huangdao oil depot "8-12" large fire accident 363
Section III of the major accidents in the storage of hazardous chemicals 363
Section III of the major accidents in the storage of hazardous chemicals 363
I. 363
The "6-27" fire accident in the tank area of Beijing Oriental Chemical Factory in 1997368
Section IV: Accidents in the transportation of hazardous chemicals370
The "3-29" accident in the Huai'an section of the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway in 2005 was a major accident. -29" large liquid chlorine tanker leakage accident370
II. 2008 Guangxi Baise Bai Luo Expressway "7-31" yellow phosphorus leakage accident374
Section V. Overseas cases of major chemical accidents376
1984 Indian Bhopal Pesticide Factory (UCIL) Methyl Isocyanate Gas Leakage Accident376
Appendix 1 Table of Combustion and Explosion Parameters of Common Substances380
Appendix 2 Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Rescue Training Outline (Trial) 383
Appendix 3 Initial Isolation Distance and Protective Distance for Hazardous Chemicals Leakage395
References401
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