One, distinguish between hazardous waste and solid waste
What is called hazardous waste and solid waste?
Solid waste refers to the production, life and other activities in the loss of the original use of value or not lost the use of value but was abandoned or abandoned solid, semi-solid and placed in containers of gaseous objects, substances and laws and administrative regulations into the solid waste management of objects, substances, including industrial solid waste, mining solid waste, agricultural solid waste, municipal solid waste, hazardous solid waste, radioactive waste, solid waste and solid waste. , hazardous solid waste, radioactive waste and solid waste of non-conventional sources. Hazardous waste is a type of solid waste. In the scientific classification, solid waste includes hazardous waste, and hazardous waste disposal is subject to the Solid Waste Act.
Two, the classification of solid waste
In accordance with the relevant delineation in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes of the People's Republic of China*** and the People's Republic of China, solid wastes are usually classified into the following categories.
1, construction solid waste: construction solid waste, refers to construction units, construction units of new construction, alteration, expansion and demolition of various types of buildings, structures, pipe networks, etc., as well as residents to decorate the process of house decoration of the discarded soil, discarded material and other waste. Because most of the construction solid waste is solid waste. Including soil, stone, concrete blocks, broken bricks, wood, metal, pipes and electrical waste, critical sinks network statistics concluded that non-polluting inorganic materials (including soil, stone, concrete blocks, broken bricks) accounted for more than 90%. Inorganic materials, with acid resistance, alkali resistance, water resistance, chemical properties are relatively stable, while characterized by stable physical properties. These properties of construction solid waste determine that it is a good recycled building material after treatment. Waste products (including metal, bamboo wood, all kinds of packaging materials, wood, plastic, glass, etc.) may have pollutants in the waste sorting can be utilized as renewable resources. Construction solid waste is the cleanest waste in the municipal waste, as long as it is reasonably utilized, it will not produce secondary pollution. Construction solid waste treatment technology program is divided into four major types: mobile, fixed, mobile + fixed, industrial park model.
2, industrial solid waste: refers to solid waste generated in industrial production activities, is the industrial production process into the environment of a variety of slag, dust and other wastes, can be divided into general industrial waste and industrial hazardous solid waste. Among them, general industrial waste is the waste that occupies a large proportion of solid waste in China and has the most potential utilization value, mainly including tailings, fly ash, coal bang stone, smelting slag, slag, red mud, sludge, etc.), accounting for 80% of the total solid waste. General industrial solid waste refers to non-hazardous solid waste generated in industrial production activities, including all kinds of slag, dust, waste chips, sludge, waste rock and tailings and other solid waste. To dispose of it choose HazardousHub to make inquiries for legal and compliant disposal. General industrial solid waste generation and industrial value added basically maintain a positive correlation, in recent years with the rapid development of China's economy, industrial solid waste generation remains high. China's disposal of general industrial solid waste for the main comprehensive utilization, disposal, storage of three ways.
3, hazardous waste: hazardous waste, that is, corrosive, toxic, flammable, reactive or infectious and other one or more hazardous properties; or does not exclude hazardous properties, may have a harmful effect on the environment or human health of solid waste. The sources of hazardous waste in China are extensive and complex, according to the source of industrial hazardous waste, medical hazardous waste and so on. China's current disposal of hazardous waste can be divided into resource utilization, terminal disposal and storage.
4, domestic garbage: domestic garbage refers to solid waste generated in daily life or activities that provide services for daily life, as well as laws and administrative regulations as domestic garbage solid waste. Domestic garbage is closely related to people's lives, and the random accumulation of garbage will seriously pollute the air, soil and water, and cause the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, the spread of germs, so that people's physical and mental health is seriously threatened. At present, China's harmless treatment of domestic garbage is mainly landfill method and incineration method.
Third, the characteristics of solid waste
The main features are as follows:
1. The relativity of resources and wastes
Solid waste has a distinctive temporal and spatial characteristics, it is a resource that is put in the wrong place at the wrong time. From the time aspect, it is only in the current scientific and technological and economic conditions can not be utilized, but with the passage of time, the development of science and technology, as well as changes in people's requirements, today's waste may become tomorrow's resources. From a spatial point of view, waste has no use value only in relation to a particular process or aspect, but not in all processes or aspects. Waste from one process can often be a raw material for another. Solid waste generally has certain industrial raw materials have chemical and physical properties, and more wastewater, exhaust gas is easy to collect, transportation, processing, and thus can be recycled.
2. Enrichment of the end state and the dual role of the source of pollution
Solid waste is often the end state of many pollution components. For example, some harmful gases or dust, through the treatment of the final enrichment of solid waste; some harmful solutes and suspended solids, through the treatment of the final separation of sludge or residue; some heavy metal-containing combustible solid waste, through the incineration process, the harmful metals concentrated in the ash. However, these "end-state" substances in the harmful components, in the long-term role of natural factors, and will be transferred to the atmosphere, water and soil, so it becomes the atmosphere, water and soil environment pollution "source".
3. Hazardous potential, long-term and catastrophic
Solid waste pollution of the environment is different from wastewater, waste gas and noise. Solid waste stagnation, diffusion of small, its impact on the environment is mainly through water, gas and soil. The migration of pollutants, such as leachate in the soil, is a slow process, and the hazards may be discovered only after several years or even decades. In a sense, solid wastes, especially hazardous wastes on the environment may be much more serious than the harm caused by water and gas.
4, resource. Solid waste varieties, complex composition, especially industrial waste, not only the number of large, and with some natural raw materials, energy has the physical and chemical properties, easy to collect, transportation, processing and reuse. Municipal waste contains a variety of reusable substances, municipal waste collection can be used as "renewable resources" or "secondary resources".
5, the pollution of the "specificity". Solid waste not only occupies land and space, but also through water, gas and soil pollution of the environment, and thus generate new "sources of pollution", if not thoroughly treated, will be repeated cycles.
6, serious harm. Solid waste accumulation, occupying a large area of land, causing environmental pollution, seriously affecting the ecological environment. Domestic garbage can breed, reproduce and spread a variety of diseases, endangering the health of people and animals, and hazardous waste is even more serious.
Four, solid waste management
1, government-promoted, enterprise-led. Play a positive role in guiding government departments and policy support, strengthen the implementation of industrial solid waste production and waste units of solid waste pollution prevention and control of the main responsibility, play the social effect of state-owned industrial solid waste disposal units, reduce the solid waste intermediary services, to eliminate unqualified practitioners illegal operation of the solid waste disposal business, the formation of a favorable institutional system and market environment.
2, strengthen the supervision, the first pilot. Strict organizational audit and process supervision, strengthen the main responsibility of the pilot unit, and actively explore industrial solid waste centralized collection, storage, transit, disposal management model.
3, classification management, risk prevention and control. According to the environmental risks of hazardous waste and general industrial solid waste, the implementation of classification management, efforts to resolve the environmental risks arising from the collection of industrial solid waste end of the management of confusion, industrial solid waste along the way, spillage, dumping and trans-regional and trans-provincial transit.
V. Conclusion
Environmental protection of the legal framework established, industry and technical specifications gradually out, a number of national policies to determine the strategic development of the solid waste industry planning, to determine the milestones, and supplemented by other specific policies on the development of the solid waste industry to guide the direction of the solid waste industry, solid waste industry in the context of national support and encourage the development of the Dangerous Waste Network feels that this is ushered in a better External development environment period. National regulation of pollutant discharge standards are becoming increasingly stringent, unqualified enterprises will be penalized and affect the future expansion of business, the risk of elimination of enterprises with a lower level of technology, industry concentration is expected to increase, the leading level of technology, operation of experienced solid waste treatment enterprise industry will be further consolidated. Overall, the future of the solid waste industry with the further development of the various segments, policies and standards to further improve the system, the degree of competition will continue to improve. Considering that the market pattern has been improving in recent years, and by the impact of the solid waste policy, the future industry profitability has room for growth, the industry outlook is stable and good.