People's air defense project is the people's air defense project. People's air defense project includes for the protection of wartime personnel and material shelter, people's air defense command, medical rescue and other underground protective buildings built separately, as well as combined with the ground construction of the wartime basement can be used for air defense. Human defense project is an important facility to protect the urban residents in wartime and reduce casualties and losses. People's defense works usually used as storage rooms, parking lots, shopping malls, street corridors, etc., as a shelter in wartime, to prevent bombs, missiles, nuclear weapons, biological and chemical weapons and other airborne weapons on the people's injuries, to protect the people and materials in wartime shelter, people's air defense command, medical care and so on.
First, the classification and composition of human defense works? (A) the classification of human defense works
human defense works in accordance with the wartime use of the function can be divided into command works, air defense engineering, medical rescue works, personnel sheltering works and ancillary works. Command project is to the wartime human defense command authority use; air defense professional team project is to the wartime implementation of the mission of the professional team members to use; medical rescue project is the wartime on the wounded early treatment place; personnel shelter project can be used for the wartime to stay in the city sheltered personnel use. Supporting projects can protect people's wartime water, electricity, material reserves and so on.For ordinary residents who stayed in the city, they should follow the guidance of the staff to enter the personnel shelter project during the wartime sheltering.
? (B) the mouth of the human defense project
The entrance and exit is for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the orifice of the human defense project. Every human defense works in wartime use, there are at least two entrances and exits, one of which is the main entrances and exits, the other is the secondary entrances and exits. In addition, human defense works only for ordinary use of the entrance and exit in wartime should be blocked up, do not allow people to enter and exit. The main entrances and exits of the personnel shelter project, there are at least two human defense doors. Between the two human defense door for the anti-virus channel. During the wartime confined protection of human defense works, personnel in and out of the works have to go through these two human defense doors and anti-gas channel, so that you can protect the people inside from air-raid weapons and toxic gases. During the airtight protection of the civil defense project, secondary entrances and exits are generally not allowed to use, but when the main entrances and exits have been destroyed, you can use the secondary entrances and exits.? (C) the main body of the civil defense project
The main body of the civil defense project is the internal space used to shelter personnel, materials, vehicles and equipment. Each independent sheltering personnel or material space within the civil defense project is divided into a protective unit, each protective unit has its own entrance and exit, independent protective facilities and equipment to ensure that the interior becomes an independent protective space. For the personnel sheltering project, in order to facilitate the activities of the personnel, the protective unit is generally equipped with a rest area, office area, toilet, drinking water room and equipment operation room. For ordinary personnel, in accordance with the staff requirements in the designated area activities, do not allow unauthorized access to the equipment operating room. Each protective unit is divided into a number of anti-explosive unit, when the project was damaged locally, you can ensure that other parts do not suffer direct damage.? (D) the facilities and equipment inside the civil defense project
There are many facilities and equipment used to protect the safety of everyone inside the civil defense project. There are installed at the entrance and exit of the very strong door, can block the bomb shrapnel, explosion shock wave into the project; there are installed in the ventilation pipe on the explosion-proof wave valve, dust filter, filter absorber, can be outside the poisonous air into clean air into the project for personnel to breathe; installed in the anti-virus channel in the decontamination facilities, can be access to the project personnel on the body of the poisonous dust cleaned up; in addition to the works of the There are also emergency power supply, water source, communication, nuclear, biological and chemical monitoring and automation control equipment. These devices to ensure the safety of sheltered personnel, non-professionals are not allowed to operate these specialized equipment, so as not to cause accidents, or even cause the loss of the entire project protection function. Second, the characteristics of the human defense project Although the human defense project looks almost the same as an ordinary basement, but the human defense project in the design and construction of a lot of special places, can effectively protect people from the harm of air attack weapons. (a) The human defense project is covered with thick soil or stone, which can resist the debris of bombs and missiles when they explode, and can isolate nuclear radiation, biological and chemical weapons, and blast shock waves. (b) There are a lot of special filtration and ventilation, water supply and drainage and other human defense facilities and equipment inside the civil defense project, which can prevent toxic gases, poisoned water from entering the project, to ensure that the people inside the normal breathing and drinking water. (c) The structure of the civil defense project is relatively strong, can avoid the collapse of the building on people's injuries. (d) The human defense project can isolate the external fire, to ensure that people stay safely inside for more than a few hours, to avoid the war caused by urban fires on people's injuries. Third, the correct use of human defense works human defense works have good protective properties, but to play its protective role, we must master the correct use of methods. (a) familiar with their own side of the human defense works, understand its wartime use function, know the main entrance and exit location of the personnel shelter project, familiar with the shortest route to the project. (b) After hearing the air raid warning signal, carry personal emergency items, quickly go to the sheltering works, according to the guidance of the staff in order to enter the works. (c) After entering the project, sit down and rest in the designated location, less activity, no fooling around, to maintain physical strength and reduce the consumption of oxygen in the project. Pay attention to the hygiene of the project to prevent pollution. Do not urinate and defecate anywhere, food and drink residues, garbage should be centralized closed storage. Strictly prohibit the use of open fire, prohibit smoking. (D) in the human defense project, non-professionals are not allowed to touch or operate the human defense equipment, so as not to cause protective accidents. All sheltered personnel are not allowed to use communication devices, such as cell phones, so as not to leak the target. (E) project closed protection period, non-staff generally not allowed to enter and exit the project. Staff in and out, must be from the main entrances and exits in accordance with the designated route. At the same time, the mouth of the human defense project is only allowed to open a human defense door. It is prohibited to open two human defense doors at the same time in order to prevent external contaminated air from entering the project. When the project suffered damage locally, to listen to the staff command, quickly transferred to other protective units to prevent the expansion of the hazard. (F) After the air raid warning is lifted, the first thing to do is to clean up their surroundings, count and carry their belongings, under the guidance of the staff, withdraw in an orderly manner. Fourth, protect the people's air defense works The state protects the people's air defense works from infringement. Protection of people's air defense works is the responsibility and obligation of all organizations and individuals. No organization or individual shall damage or encroach upon the people's air defense works. Any organization or individual has the right to stop and report to the competent department of people's air defense against acts of damage and destruction of people's air defense works. (a) It is prohibited to discharge wastewater, exhaust gas, dump waste, pile up debris, block the orifices or build other buildings unrelated to people's air defense to the interior of the air defense works and near the orifices; (b) It is prohibited to block or occupy the roads leading to the mouths of the air defense works in any way; (c) It is prohibited to produce or store flammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive and corrosive substances inside the air defense works; (d) Any organization or individual shall have the right to stop and report to the competent department of people's air defense. (c) production or storage of flammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive and corrosive substances in the human defense works; (d) prohibit unauthorized occupation, transformation, demolition and damage to the facilities of the human defense works; (e) without authorization, it is strictly prohibited from quarrying, logging, earth, blasting, piling, burying pipelines and construction of ground engineering facilities within a safety range of fifty meters from the human defense works; (f) prohibit other damages to the behavior of the human defense works.