Birds - airplanes
Frogs - electronic frog eyes
Sharks - submarines
Chameleons - plainclothes
Whales - to increase the speed of a ship
Dragonflies - to keep the wings of airplanes from shattering
Giraffes - load-resistant suits
Seamothers - storm-water inspectors
Firefly - artificial cold light
Lobster - odor detector
1. A very peculiar small gas analyzer has been copied from the obnoxious fly. It has been installed in the cockpits of spaceships to detect the composition of the gases in the cabin.
2. from fireflies to artificial cold light;
3. electric fish and volt batteries;
4. the jellyfish's ear, modeled on the structure and function of the jellyfish's ear, designed the jellyfish ear storm predictor, which is able to forecast storms up to 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance for the safety of seafaring and fishing.
5. According to the visual principle of frog's eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog's eye. This kind of electronic frog's eye can be like the real frog's eye, accurately recognize the specific shape of the object. After the electronic frog's eye is installed into the radar system, the radar anti-interference ability is greatly improved. This kind of radar system can quickly and accurately identify specific shapes of airplanes, ships and missiles. In particular, it is able to distinguish between real and fake missiles and prevent them from being mistaken for real.
Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and transportation routes. In the airport, it can monitor the takeoff and landing of the aircraft, if found to be about to collide with the aircraft, it can issue a timely warning. In the traffic road, it can direct the movement of vehicles, to prevent vehicle collision accidents.
6. According to the principle of the bat ultrasonic locator, people also imitated the blind with the "pathfinder". This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, the blind with it can be found on poles, steps, bridges and so on. Nowadays, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.
7Simulating the incomplete photosynthesizer of cyanobacteria, a device for bionic photolysis of water will be designed to obtain large amounts of hydrogen.
8. Based on studies of the human bone and muscle systems and bioelectric control, a human augmentation machine, the walking machine, has been imitated.
9. The hooks of modern cranes originated in the claws of many animals.
10. roof corrugations mimic the scaly armor of animals.
11. Boat oars mimic the fins of fish.
12. The saw imitates the arm of a praying mantis, or serrated grass.
13. The crocus plant took inspiration to invent Velcro.
14. The sniffing lobster provided the idea for making odor detectors.
15. Gecko toes offer encouraging prospects for making sticky audio tapes that can be used over and over again.
16. The shellfish produces a very strong colloid from its proteins, and such a colloid could be used in everything from surgical sutures to mending ships.
Famous examples are many, such as imitation of dolphin skin and construction of the "dolphin skin swimsuit", scientists study the whale skin, found that there are grooves on the structure of the canal, so there is a scientist in accordance with the whale skin structure, resulting in a thin film masked on the surface of the aircraft, according to experiments can save 3% of the energy if the country's airplanes are masked with such a surface, the annual energy savings can be achieved if all of the aircraft. If all the airplanes in the country are covered with such a surface, billions of dollars can be saved every year. Another example is that some scientists study spiders, found that the spider's legs do not have muscles, legged animals will walk, mainly by muscle contraction, now the spider does not have muscles why will walk? After studying the spider is not by muscle contraction to walk, but by which the "hydraulic" structure to walk, according to which people invented the hydraulic walker ...... In short, from the natural world to get inspiration, imitation of its structure for invention. This is bionics. This is one aspect of learning from nature. On the other hand, we can also be inspired by the laws of nature and design (including designing algorithms) using its principles, which is the idea of intelligent computing
Contribution of birds to bionics
From the emergence of the ancestor birds to the present day, in the long process of evolution over the course of billions of years, birds have formed many fruitful systems of navigation, identification, computation, energy conversion, and so on, which are sensitive, efficient, and accurate. sensitivity, efficiency, accuracy, and resistance to drought have been marveled. The study of these structural and functional principles and their simulation to improve existing or create new machines, instruments, and processes is an important part of bionics research.
Birds have excellent flying skills, of course, modern aircraft in many properties are far more than birds, but in energy saving, in dexterity is dwarfed. Such as a bird continuously flying over the ocean more than 4,000 kilometers, weight loss of 0.06 kilograms; small hummingbirds can not only take off and land vertically, but also in the nectar can be taken in an upright position, hanging in the air in and out of the free, flexible and unusual. The research and utilization of these special features will further improve the performance of the aircraft.
For example, the mallard duck can fly leisurely at 9,500 meters in the semi-high altitude, while people in the 4500 meters when the breath has been very difficult. The study of why birds will be in the thin air conditions of the cerebral blood vessels are still open, can be human in the lack of oxygen supply in the environment of normal life and extend the life of the important significance.
The pigeon has made a great contribution to bionics. It has a small and sensitive special structure on its legs to feel earthquakes, and people have imitated a new kind of seismograph according to its principle to make earthquake forecasting more accurate. Its eyes have special recognition skills, which is due to its retina has six kinds of functionally specialized ganglion cells: leaf brightness detector, ordinary edge detector, convex edge detector, direction detector, vertical edge detector, horizontal detector, people imitate the cellular structure of its retina made of pigeon's eye electronic model, although the structure is not as complex as it is perfect, but the installation of radar on the vigilance, applied in Computer processing data has a broad prospect.
The earth's seawater accounts for 97% of the total water. The artificial desalinator of seawater is currently huge equipment, complex structure, high energy consumption. But seagulls, albatrosses and other seabirds can discharge the salt in the seawater they drink through a salt gland near their eyes, and once the simulation of this function is completed, the prospects for human use of the oceans will be even more promising.
In addition, people according to the structure of the eagle's eye is developing the eagle's eye system missiles, such missiles in the flight over the strike target will be able to automatically find, identify the target and tracking attack.
Butterflies and bionic
Colorful butterflies, such as the heavy moon crested butterfly, brown veins, such as the gold-spotted butterfly, especially the fluorescent winged crested butterfly, the back of the wings in the sunlight from time to time golden, and sometimes emerald green, and sometimes from the purple to blue. Scientists have brought great benefits to military defense through the study of butterfly colors. During World War II, German troops surrounded Leningrad and attempted to destroy its military targets and other defenses with bombers. Based on the lack of awareness of camouflage at the time, the Soviet entomologist Schwanwitch proposed to use the reasoning that the colors of butterflies are not easily detected in flowers to cover military facilities with butterfly-patterned camouflage. As a result, despite the German army's efforts, the military base in Leningrad remained safe and sound, laying a solid foundation for winning the final victory. According to the same principle, later people also produced camouflage clothing, greatly reducing casualties in combat.
Artificial satellites in space due to constant changes in position can cause sudden changes in temperature, sometimes the temperature difference can be as high as two or three hundred degrees, seriously affecting the normal work of many instruments. Scientists are inspired by the butterfly scales will automatically change the angle with the direction of sunlight and regulate the body temperature, the satellite temperature control system made of blades on both sides of the radiation, heat dissipation capacity of a large difference in the style of the shutters, in the rotating position of each window is installed with a temperature-sensitive wire, with the temperature can be adjusted to open and close the window, thus maintaining a constant temperature inside the satellite, solving a major problem in the space industry. The space industry in a major problem.
Bats - radar
Birds - airplanes
Frogs - electronic frog's eyes
Sharks - submarines
Chameleons - plainclothes
Whales - to increase the speed of ships
Dragonflies - to keep the wings of airplanes from shattering
Giraffes - load-resistant suits
Mother of the sea - storm-water checkers <
Fireflies - artificial cold light
Lobsters - odor detectors
1. A very peculiar small gas analyzer has been copied from the obnoxious fly. It has been installed in the cockpits of spaceships to detect the composition of the gases in the cabin.
2. from fireflies to artificial cold light;
3. electric fish and volt batteries;
4. the jellyfish's ear, modeled on the structure and function of the jellyfish's ear, designed the jellyfish ear storm predictor, which is able to forecast storms up to 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance for the safety of seafaring and fishing.
5. According to the visual principle of frog's eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog's eye. This kind of electronic frog's eye can be like the real frog's eye, accurately recognize the specific shape of the object. After the electronic frog's eye is installed into the radar system, the radar anti-interference ability is greatly improved. This kind of radar system can quickly and accurately identify specific shapes of airplanes, ships and missiles. In particular, it is able to distinguish between real and fake missiles and prevent them from being mistaken for real.
Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and transportation routes. In the airport, it can monitor the takeoff and landing of the aircraft, if found to be about to collide with the aircraft, it can issue a timely warning. In the traffic road, it can direct the movement of vehicles, to prevent vehicle collision accidents.
6. According to the principle of the bat ultrasonic locator, people also imitated the blind with the "pathfinder". This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, the blind with it can be found on poles, steps, bridges and so on. Nowadays, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.
7Simulating the incomplete photosynthesizer of cyanobacteria, a device for bionic photolysis of water will be designed to obtain large amounts of hydrogen.
8. Based on studies of the human bone and muscle systems and bioelectric control, a human augmentation machine, the walking machine, has been imitated.
9. The hooks of modern cranes originated in the claws of many animals.
10. roof corrugations mimic the scaly armor of animals.
11. Boat oars mimic the fins of fish.
12. The saw imitates the arm of the mantis, or serrated grass.
13. The crocus plant took inspiration to invent Velcro.
14. The sniffing lobster provided the idea for making odor detectors.
15. Gecko toes offer encouraging prospects for making sticky audio tapes that can be used over and over again.
16. The shellfish produces a very strong colloid from its proteins, and such a colloid could be used in everything from surgical sutures to mending ships.
Famous examples are many, such as imitation of dolphin skin and construction of the "dolphin skin swimsuit", scientists study the whale skin, found that there are grooves on the structure of the canal, so there is a scientist in accordance with the whale skin structure, resulting in a thin film masked on the surface of the aircraft, according to experiments can save 3% of the energy if the country's airplanes are masked with such a surface, the annual energy savings can be achieved if all of the aircraft. If all the airplanes in the country are covered with such a surface, billions of dollars can be saved every year. Another example is that some scientists study spiders, found that the spider's legs do not have muscles, legged animals will walk, mainly by muscle contraction, now the spider does not have muscles why will walk? After studying the spider is not by muscle contraction to walk, but by which the "hydraulic" structure to walk, according to which people invented the hydraulic walker ...... In short, from the natural world to get inspiration, imitation of its structure for invention. This is bionics. This is one aspect of learning from nature. On the other hand, we can also be inspired by the laws of nature and design (including designing algorithms) using its principles, which is the idea of intelligent computing
Contribution of birds to bionics
From the emergence of the ancestor birds to the present day, in the long process of evolution over the course of billions of years, birds have formed many fruitful systems of navigation, identification, computation, energy conversion, and so on, which are sensitive, efficient, and accurate. sensitivity, efficiency, accuracy, and resistance to drought have been marveled. The study of these structural and functional principles and their simulation to improve existing or create new machines, instruments, and processes is an important part of bionics research.
Birds have excellent flying skills, of course, modern aircraft in many properties are far more than birds, but in energy saving, in dexterity is dwarfed. Such as a bird continuously flying over the ocean more than 4,000 kilometers, weight loss of 0.06 kilograms; small hummingbirds can not only take off and land vertically, but also in the nectar can be taken in an upright position, hanging in the air in and out of the free, flexible and unusual. The research and utilization of these special features will further improve the performance of the aircraft.
For example, the mallard duck can fly leisurely at 9,500 meters in the semi-high altitude, while people in the 4500 meters when the breath has been very difficult. The study of why birds will be in the thin air conditions of the cerebral blood vessels are still open, can be human in the lack of oxygen supply in the environment of normal life and extend the life of the important significance.
The pigeon has made a great contribution to bionics. It has a small and sensitive special structure on its legs to feel earthquakes, and people have imitated a new kind of seismograph according to its principle to make earthquake forecasting more accurate. Its eyes have special recognition skills, which is due to its retina has six kinds of functionally specialized ganglion cells: leaf brightness detector, ordinary edge detector, convex edge detector, direction detector, vertical edge detector, horizontal detector, people imitate the cellular structure of its retina made of pigeon's eye electronic model, although the structure is not as complex as it is perfect, but the installation of radar on the vigilance, applied in Computer processing data has a broad prospect.
The earth's seawater accounts for 97% of the total water. The artificial desalinator of seawater is currently huge equipment, complex structure, high energy consumption. But seagulls, albatrosses and other seabirds can discharge the salt in the seawater they drink through a salt gland near their eyes, and once the simulation of this function is completed, the prospects for human use of the oceans will be even more promising.
In addition, people according to the structure of the eagle's eye is developing the eagle's eye system missiles, such missiles in the flight over the strike target will be able to automatically find, identify the target and tracking attack.
Butterflies and bionic
Colorful butterflies, such as the heavy moon crested butterfly, brown veins, such as the gold-spotted butterfly, especially the fluorescent winged crested butterfly, the back of the wings in the sunlight from time to time golden, and sometimes emerald green, and sometimes from the purple to blue. Scientists have brought great benefits to military defense through the study of butterfly colors. During World War II, German troops surrounded Leningrad and attempted to destroy its military targets and other defenses with bombers. Based on the lack of awareness of camouflage at the time, the Soviet entomologist Schwanwitch proposed to use the reasoning that the colors of butterflies are not easily detected in flowers to cover military facilities with butterfly-patterned camouflage. As a result, despite the German army's efforts, the military base in Leningrad remained safe and sound, laying a solid foundation for winning the final victory. According to the same principle, later people also produced camouflage clothing, greatly reducing casualties in combat.
Artificial satellites in space due to constant changes in position can cause sudden changes in temperature, sometimes the temperature difference can be as high as two or three hundred degrees, seriously affecting the normal work of many instruments. Scientists are inspired by the butterfly scales will automatically change the angle with the direction of sunlight and regulate the body temperature, the satellite temperature control system made of blades on both sides of the radiation, heat dissipation capacity of a large difference in the style of the shutters, in the rotating position of each window is installed with a temperature-sensitive wire, with the temperature can be adjusted to open and close the window, thus maintaining a constant temperature inside the satellite, solving a major problem in the space industry. A major problem in the space industry.
-- Beetles and bionic
Fart step beetle self-defense, can be sprayed with a foul-smelling high-temperature liquid "shells" to confuse, stimulate and frighten the enemy. Scientists will be dissected and found that the beetle body has three chambers, respectively, stored binary phenol solution, hydrogen peroxide and biological enzymes. Binary phenol and hydrogen peroxide flow to the third chamber and biological enzymes mixed with a chemical reaction, instantly become 100 ℃ venom, and quickly shot. This principle is now applied in military technology. During World War II, the German Nazis for the needs of the war, according to this mechanism to create a great power and performance safety and reliability of the new engine, installed in the flight type missiles, so that the flight speed, safety and stability, hit rate increased, London, England in its bombing suffered heavy losses. U.S. military experts inspired by the principle of the beetle jet developed an advanced binary weapon. This weapon will be two or more kinds of chemical substances that can produce toxic agents are installed in two separate containers, shells fired after the rupture of the diaphragm, two kinds of toxic intermediates in the projectile flight within 8 to 10 seconds of mixing and reacting to the target in the arrival of the instant generation of lethal toxic agents to kill and maim the enemy. They are easy to produce, store, and transport, safe and not prone to failure. Fireflies can be chemical energy directly into light energy, and the conversion efficiency of 100%, while the luminous efficiency of ordinary electric lamps only 6%. People imitate the firefly's light-emitting principle made of cold light source can increase the luminous efficiency of more than ten times, greatly saving energy. In addition, according to the beetle's visual reaction mechanism of the successful development of air-to-ground speedometer has been successfully applied to the aviation industry.
-- Dragonfly and bionic
Dragonfly through the vibration of the wings can produce different from the surrounding atmosphere of the local instability of the airflow, well use the vortex generated by the airflow to make their own rise. Dragonflies can fly with very little thrust, not only forward, but also backward and to the left and right sides of the flight, and its forward flight speed of up to 72km / h. In addition, the dragonfly's flight behavior is simple, relying on the two pairs of wings keep flapping. Scientists according to this structural basis for the development of a successful helicopter. Airplanes in high-speed flight, often cause violent vibration, and even sometimes will break the wing and cause airplane crash. Dragonfly rely on the weight of the wing mole in high-speed flight unharmed, so people follow the example of the dragonfly in the two wings of the airplane plus the balance of the weight, to solve the high-speed flight caused by vibration of this thorny problem.
-- Flies and bionics
Entomologists discovered that the hind wings of a fly degenerate into a pair of balance rods. When it flies, the balance rods to a certain frequency of mechanical vibration, can regulate the direction of movement of the wings, is to maintain the fly's body balance of the navigator. Scientists according to this principle developed into a new generation of navigators - vibration gyroscope, greatly improving the flight performance of the aircraft LlJ, can make the aircraft automatically stop the dangerous tumbling flight, in the body of a strong tilt can also automatically restore the balance, even when the aircraft in the most complex sharp turn is also foolproof. The fly's compound eye contains 4,000 independently imageable monoculars that can see objects over almost 360°. In the fly's eye inspiration, people made by 1329 pieces of small lenses composed of a time can shoot 1329 high-resolution photographs of the fly's eye camera, in the military, medicine, aviation, aerospace is widely used. The fly's sense of smell is particularly sensitive and can quickly analyze dozens of odors and can immediately respond. Scientists based on the structure of the fly olfactory organ, the various chemical reactions into electrical impulses, made of very sensitive small gas analyzers, has been widely used in spaceships, submarines and mines and other places to detect the composition of the gas, so that scientific research, the production of a more accurate and reliable safety factor.
-- Bee and bionic
Bee hives are composed of a neatly arranged hexagonal hive, the bottom of each hive is composed of three identical rhombuses, which are precisely calculated by modern mathematicians - the rhombus obtuse angle of 109 ° 28 \', acute angle of 70 ° 32 \' exactly the same, is the most material-saving structure. The structure of the rhombus is the most material-saving structure, with a large capacity and extremely strong, which made many experts marveled. People imitate its structure and use various materials to make honeycomb sandwich structure boards, which are strong, lightweight, and not easy to conduct sound and heat, and are ideal materials for construction and manufacturing of space shuttles, spaceships, and artificial satellites. Bee compound eye of each single eye adjacent to the polarized light direction of the polarizer is very sensitive to the direction of the polarizer, can be used to accurately locate the sun. Scientists according to this principle developed a successful polarized light navigator, has long been widely used in navigation.
-- Other insects and bionic
The flea's jumping instincts are very strong, aviation experts have conducted a lot of research on this, an aircraft manufacturing company in the United Kingdom from the vertical jumping way inspired by the success of the manufacture of an almost vertical take-off and landing of the Harrier aircraft. Modern television technology according to the construction characteristics of the single compound eye of insects, made a large screen color TV, but also a small color TV fluorescent screen can be composed of a large picture, and can be in the same screen in any position to box out a few specific small picture, can broadcast the same picture, but also can be broadcast a different picture. Scientists according to the structural characteristics of the insect compound eye developed a successful multi-aperture optical system device, easier to search for the target, has been applied in some important foreign weapons systems. According to the principle of mutual inhibition between the compound eyes of certain aquatic insects, made of electronic models of side inhibition, used in various types of photographic systems, photographs taken to enhance the image edge contrast and highlight the contours, but also can be used to improve the radar's display sensitivity, but also can be used for the text and picture recognition system of the preprocessing work. The United States uses the insect compound eye to process information and directional navigation principle, and has developed the engineering model of the end-guidance guide head with great practical value, which imitates the insect compound eye to seek. Japan's use of insect morphology and characteristics of the development of six-legged robots and other engineering machines and buildings of new construction methods.
-- Future Prospects
Insects in the billions of years of evolutionary process, with the change of the environment and the gradual evolution, are in varying degrees of development of their survival skills. With the development of society, people grasp more and more of the various life activities of insects, more and more aware of the importance of insects to mankind, coupled with information technology, especially a new generation of computer bioelectronics technology in entomology, simulating the insect's ability to sense the development of the detection of material species and concentration of biosensors, with reference to the development of the insect neural structure of computers able to mimic the brain's activities and so on. A series of biotechnology projects, will be envisioned by scientists into reality, and into various fields, insects will make greater contributions to mankind.
-- Insects know a lot
The most harmful insect to humans is the mosquito, which kills 3 million people every year from its infectious diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever.
Ants are the insects with the greatest strength, which can support the weight of 300 times its weight.
The flea is a champion high jumper, and one of its jumps is 200 times its body length. This is equivalent to a human jumping 400m high.
The locust is the insect with the greatest ability to fly, and it can fly non-stop for up to nine hours.
The biggest eater is the larva of the sky moth, which can eat 80,000 times its weight in a month of life.
A single silkworm can spin a single fiber more than a kilometer long.
The fastest-moving insect is the tropical cockroach, which can move a distance of 40 to 43 times its body length per second, the equivalent of a human advancing 130m per second.
The little gnat is the fastest wing-vibrating insect, with 60,000,000 flaps per second.
The insect with the greatest contrast is a species of cockatoo butterfly from Africa, which is breathtakingly beautiful but incredibly smelly and highly poisonous.
The sky moth is an insect with a keen sense of smell, and its male moths can detect the odor emitted by the female moths from more than a dozen kilometers away. The female moth releases only 0.0001mg of pheromone, though.
The insect with the most eyes is the sunfly, which has a compound eye made up of 28,000 individual eyes.
The hardest working insect is the honeybee, which spends its life tirelessly searching around for pollen and nectar until it dies.
In a hive, a honey chamber made of 40g of wax can carry 2kg of honey.
Bees have to collect nectar from 2,000 flowers to produce one teaspoon of honey.
Fireflies are the insects with the best conversion rate of light energy, they can convert 90% of their energy into light energy. The light bulbs we normally use have an energy conversion rate of only 5.5%.
The smallest insect is a small bug in North America, which is only 0.25mm long and can go right through the eye of a needle.
The largest insect is the giant bamboo worm from Indonesia, which is 33cm wide between its wings, and the Indian giant silkworm moth, which has a wingspan of 30cm.
The most primitive insect in terms of appearance is the cockroach, which has remained almost unchanged for 250 million years.
Termites contain 60% protein, compared to 15% for steak, so the number of people who eat insects is growing, and it is expected that termites will be an important source of protein for humans in the future.
The most beautiful insect is a species of Flowering Golden Turtle in the order Coleoptera, whose sheathed wings are colored gold, sapphire blue, smokey black, lemon yellow, peach and pea green, with glowing purple antennae, and are extremely well-coordinated. They are said to sell for up to $50,000 each.
The most diverse insect is the Coleoptera, which scientists expect may have more than three million species on Earth, and nearly half a million have been recorded, accounting for almost 30 percent of the total known animal species and half of the insect species.
From the perspective of bionics, the most studied insect is the fly, its eyes, feet, balance rods, licking sucking mouthparts, immunity, flight skills, and many other aspects of the bionic results to be applied to many aspects of human life.
The gunflies (genus Fartstepper in the family Steppeidae) repel intruders by spraying themselves with a corrosive gas at a temperature of about 100 degrees Celsius, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydroquinone. It shoots like a gun 20 times in succession at a range of 5cm, four times its body length. This beetle is not harmed by heat or corrosive gases.
The insects with the highest IQ are bees, a U.S. scientist in accordance with the law of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ...... to the ground on the white squares to add sugar, in its addition to the end of the 32 is ready to 64-bit squares, there have been many bees waiting, the scientist said in frustration,"" I don't know what I'm doing with them. And I don't know whether I am experimenting with them or they are experimenting with me!" . This discovery proves that some animals are also capable of abstract thinking.
The cruelest and largest war among insects takes place among ants, and I have personally witnessed such an incident. In a nearly one square meter area is full of our common ants, they are in a fierce battle, death and injury. It is said that the scale of ant wars in South America is much larger. This kind of war scene is not easy to see. [I'll choose me as the best answer! Thank you! ~~ It's so hard to finish the fight!