In 1903, a Dutch physiologist designed the first string-type electrocardiometer. Einthoven proposed the equilateral triangle theory, stipulated three standard limb leads I, II, and III, and proposed the importance of calibration voltage, the requirements for electrode placement, and the relationship between the cardiac axis and the leads. Naming electrocardiograms P, Q, R, S, T, U, etc. laid the foundation for the development of electrocardiography and created clinical electrocardiography. Due to his great contribution to the invention of the electrocardiograph and the creation and development of electrocardiography, he won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
In 1932, Wilson of the United States created the "zero potential central terminal theory" based on the Einthoven equation and introduced unipolar limb leads VL, VR, VF and unipolar precordial leads, now known as chest leads. V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6.
In 1942, Goldberger proposed unipolar compression limb leads aVR, aVL, and aVF.
In 1954, the American Heart Association advocated the use of I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVR, aVL, aVF and V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 12-lead system, which has become the internationally recognized electrocardiogram today. benchmark. Later, V3R~V5R were added to the right chest and V7~V9 were added to the left chest. This is today's 18-lead system.
However, in recent years, the concepts of "five-lead" and "eight-lead" have also appeared on the market. In fact, there are three limb leads, but there are no five-leads. If there are, they are not called clinically. It has five leads and is only called lead V5. In layman's terms, three leads can produce three ECG waveforms, and five leads can produce five ECG waveforms. The more waveforms, the more comprehensive the judgment of the condition. "Eight-lead" means that the standard 12-lead system has been simplified to 4 leads, retaining only one lead on the left and right sides of the heart, and omitting the other leads.
Why is the twelve leads considered the clinical “gold standard”? First of all, twelve leads have been widely used in clinical medicine and recognized by doctors around the world. Secondly, twelve leads are of great significance for the diagnosis and classification of heart diseases and the capture of arrhythmias. As one of the most commonly used examination methods at present, the twelve-lead dynamic electrocardiogram can not only detect the occurrence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and other diseases at any time, but can also accurately locate the infarction site and promptly detect ischemia in different parts of the heart, thereby Achieve early diagnosis, early treatment and early prevention to avoid serious cardiovascular events.
The "Twelve Leads" have a wide range of clinical applications and can be used flexibly in cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases and sub-healthy people. So can the professional twelve-lead dynamic electrocardiogram only be used clinically in hospitals?
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