I. Main Characteristics of Nursing Homes
According to the State Council's Decree No. 149, "Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions," issued on February 26, 1994, and the Ministry of Health's Decree No. 35, "Implementing Rules for the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions," issued on August 29, 1994, there are twelve categories of medical institutions***, and nursing homes belong to the fourth category. . Therefore, strictly speaking, sanatoriums should belong to medical institutions, not hospitals, there is a difference between them. Hospital is to prevent and treat diseases to protect people's health of the socialist health institutions, hospitals are the object of service is the patient and special social groups, through the application of medical science and technology by medical personnel as the main means of service, diagnosis and treatment of patients, patients, care for patients, to provide comprehensive services for patients. Sanatoriums, on the other hand, are medical institutions set up in sanatoriums (districts) based on the use of sanatorium factors and under the prescribed living regime specifically for institutional strengthening, disease convalescence, rehabilitation and health convalescence. Sanatorium has the characteristics of its sanatorium factors and the main application of the scope of the decision, specifically the following points:
(a) the establishment of different addresses
Sanatorium is generally located in the natural environment with a certain natural sanatorium factors, the more quiet and beautiful sanatorium (district), and hospitals are generally located in the more densely populated areas of towns and cities or factories and mines in the area of the more concentrated business units.
(B) the object of different
The object of sanatorium admission for convalescents, most of them are suffering from certain chronic diseases or occupational diseases with disease convalescence, rehabilitation and convalescence certificate of fitness, or for some special occupations. The hospital is admitted to suffer from a variety of acute and chronic diseases or compensatory dysfunction of patients, they need to be hospitalized for drugs, surgery and other clinical diagnosis and treatment, so there is a clear difference.
(3) different equipment conditions
Nursing homes are generally equipped with a variety of physiological function checkup equipment, physical therapy, sports therapy equipment, as well as suitable for the use of natural therapeutic factors (eg, mineral springs, seawater, air, sunlight, etc.) and the most basic equipment and diagnostic and treatment equipment, while hospitals require a large number of diagnostic and treatment equipment.
(4) the main means of different
The sanatorium applies the therapeutic factors (including natural therapeutic factors and artificial physical and chemical factors) as the main means of the therapeutic factors and the therapeutic factors with the medical technology, mental health, life services into one integrated holistic and comprehensive therapeutic methods, while hospitals are drugs, surgery, radiotherapy, immune genes, psychology, etc. as a means of treatment.
(E) different management
The sanatorium on the convalescent patients in addition to a certain diagnosis and treatment or preventive health care medical examination, mainly to organize them to carry out a variety of cultural and recreational activities and physical exercise, the convalescent this organization and management is obviously different from the hospital patients, hospital patients most of the time is lying down or indoor activities in a small space, and generally do not allow the patient to casually leave the hospital! The company's website has been updated with the latest information on the company's website, including its website.
In short, the sanatorium is different from the treatment-oriented hospitals, but also different from the main content of the rehabilitation of medical rehabilitation hospitals, which must have three basic conditions: First, the role of natural healing factors with disease prevention and treatment; Second, a beautiful landscape and quiet environment; Third, on the basis of the above two conditions to develop the treatment of convalescents necessary for the development of a scientific system of convalescence and put into practice.
Types of sanatoriums
China's sanatoriums can be divided into two categories: comprehensive sanatoriums and specialized sanatoriums. Comprehensive sanatoriums include staff sanatoriums (most of the trade unions or the local government in charge), cadres sanatoriums (most of the old cadres management department in charge), special sanatoriums (mainly refers to the military sanatoriums and civil aviation sanatoriums, military sanatoriums can be divided into the army sanatoriums, air force sanatoriums, naval sanatoriums, sanatoriums, special forces); specialized sanatoriums mainly refers to the government or large-scale factories, mines and enterprises to run the unit Occupational disease sanatorium, tuberculosis sanatorium, liver disease sanatorium and so on.
Sanatoriums Comprehensive sanatoriums Employee sanatoriums
Cadre sanatoriums
Specialty sanatoriums Troop sanatoriums
Army sanatoriums
Air Force sanatoriums
Navy sanatoriums
Specialty military sanatoriums
Civil aviation sanatoriums
Specialty sanatoriums Occupational sanatoriums
Specialty sanatoriums
Tuberculosis sanatoriums <
Tuberculosis sanatorium
Hepatology sanatorium
Third, the main tasks of the sanatorium
The tasks of the sanatorium can be based on the characteristics of the sanatorium's natural therapeutic factors and the application of the scope of the task according to the directive tasks of the higher authorities, according to the changes in the demand of the market for sanatoriums to determine the hospital's specific tasks and arrangements for organizing the implementation of the basic tasks, but the main task is: 1) Admission of convalescent patients, the implementation of preventive physical examination and health assessment of convalescent patients, the purpose is to enable them to early detection of disease, get timely and reasonable treatment; ② convalescent disease treatment of convalescent patients using integrated treatment, observation of the efficacy of the treatment and help convalescent patients to formulate disease treatment plans, medical advice; ③ to promote self-care capacity of convalescent patients, so that convalescent patients in the physical and mental health through the convalescent treatment after the adjustment and restoration of the basis, to enhance self-discovery, self-discovery, and to promote the development and implementation of the health care system. On the basis of the physical and mental adjustment and recovery through health care, the sanatorium should enhance the ability of self-discovery, self-knowledge, self-diagnosis and self-treatment, which means that the sanatorium should turn to the track of strengthening prevention and promoting health; (4) Cultivating sanatorium professionals, the sanatorium should take the strengthening of personnel training in the process of running the hospital, promoting the development of sanatorium professional disciplines, learning from foreign experience, and improving the level of sanatorium work as a very important task; (5) Strengthening the research of the discipline of sanatorium which is This includes not only the research on the mechanism of various natural healing factors within the scope of the hospital and the evaluation of healing effects, but also the in-depth discussion on the scientific management of sanatoriums and the evaluation of healing effects, etc.; (6) Improve the social and economic benefits of sanatoriums, strengthen the collaboration with medical and health care, tourism and other departments, and take the running of sanatoriums as an important task in the development and development of sanatoriums (areas). The sanatorium itself should also strengthen its management, rationalize the use of human, material and financial resources, and give full play to the role of sanatorium resources.
Four, the main principles of the admission of convalescents
What is the object of convalescence admission? What are the principles to follow? The situation is not consistent from hospital to hospital, depending on the conditions of the sanatorium and the nature of the higher authorities and their will. But in general, the convalescents must meet the following three conditions: ① suitable for convalescence, rather than hospitalization; ② prior to have a clearer diagnosis and physical examination information, if it is the nature of the health of the health examination should be involved in contact with the unit's health care department; ③ life can be taken care of, a small number of people can be appropriately relaxed standards, but should be basically self-supporting.
To take into account the indications for convalescence, generally the following cases: (1) a variety of functional diseases, such as neurological failure, menopausal syndrome, etc.; (2) a variety of organic diseases in the early stages, or is not obvious dysfunction or pathological changes, such as hypertension Ⅰ or Ⅱ; (3) chronic digestive diseases, such as ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome (colonic allergy); (4) Bone and joint diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, cervical spondylosis, chronic lumbar strain; (5) Respiratory system diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and recovering from pleurisy; (6) Urological system diseases, such as chronic nephritis, and urinary stones; (7) Metabolic and endocrine disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, gout, and lupus erythematosus; (8) Gynecological disorders, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, cervical erosion, (9) skin diseases, such as psoriasis (psoriasis), neurodermatitis; (10) occupational diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, chronic chemical poisoning, chronic radiation sickness, noise deafness, vibration disease, etc.; (11) certain acute and chronic diseases need to be continued convalescence after clinical treatment or surgery; (12) war injuries or work injuries, traffic accidents and injuries need to be recuperated to restore the body's function; (13) special occupational personnel, such as Deep-well miners, pit workers, special forces, seafarers, flight personnel, submerged workers, etc. should be regular convalescence, as well as retired veteran cadres, model workers, senior intellectuals with special contributions, etc. should be the object of convalescence.
There is no absolute boundary for the treatment of convalescents, but it is generally believed that the following people should not be admitted: ① all infectious diseases, especially according to the "Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Act" must be reported to the statutory infectious diseases, as well as these infectious diseases have disappeared although the clinical symptoms of the treatment has been not full of the period of quarantine and observation; ② all acute illnesses, fever, hemorrhagic tendencies and pernicious anemia; ③ Serious organic disease patients, such as Ⅲ degree or more cardiac insufficiency, hypertension Ⅲ, nephrotic syndrome, lupus erythematosus acute stage, liver function significantly impaired; ④ psychotic episodes of loss of behavioral self-control; ⑤ serious disabilities, such as paraplegia and other life can not take care of themselves.