Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the national economy has begun a new period of development, and the Twelfth Congress of the CPC put forward the goal of quadrupling the GDP of the industry and agriculture by the end of the century in 1982. And pointed out that "railroad transportation has become an important constraint on the development of the national economy, the transport capacity with the needs of the growth of transport volume is very poorly adapted. In order to change this situation, the railroad must carry out a series of key construction, accelerate the development speed, increase capacity." According to this spirit, the railroad put the focus of the capital construction on strengthening the technical transformation of existing railroads, and appropriate arrangements for the construction of some of the necessary new lines, put forward the "northern war in Daqin, southern attack on Hengguang, take the East China" strategy. At the same time to accelerate the transformation of traction power, improve the repair capacity of rolling stock, focusing on the matching of the railroad transportation equipment to improve transport capacity, to solve the transportation weaknesses. This major decision, reflected in the sixth five-year plan from 1981 and the seventh five-year plan from 1986.
The sixth five-year plan period, the railroad completed the capital investment is the most in the five-year plan period. Among them, 33.2 percent of the investment was for the renovation of existing railroads. Double line track laying 1,870 kilometers, so that most of the major trunk lines in the operating railroads were built into a double line, reconstruction and new electrified railroads 2,483.5 kilometers, and an increase of 3,421 kilometers of railroads with internal combustion traction. The proportion of internal-combustion and electric locomotives in the locomotive fleet increased to 34.6%, and thus internal-combustion and electric locomotives accounted for 39.1% of the completed haulage tasks. In terms of transport organization, many reforms have been carried out. Organization unit heavy combination of trains, improve the weight of goods trains; expanding the passenger car grouping, tap the transport potential; the use of LTL transport centralization, reduce along the zero train and handle along the zero station, improve the operating speed; reform of the locomotive crew system, the implementation of the long crossroads ride system, give full play to the capacity of locomotives; the development of containers and containerized transport to improve freight efficiency, and so on. By the end of 1985, the national railroad mileage of 52,119 kilometers, passenger and freight conversion turnover exceeded 1 trillion tons kilometers.
1986 began to enter the seventh five-year plan period, the railroads have implemented the input and output contract management responsibility system, more mobilization of the whole road staff enthusiasm. Beijing-Qin, Daqin (the first phase of the project) and other double-line electrified railroad was completed. More than 14 kilometers long Dayaoshan Tunnel was successfully opened, so that the main north-south trunk line-Beijing-Guangzhou Railway double line was opened to traffic, which greatly improved the passing capacity. The Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway was repaired to Alashankou, completing the iron and steel transportation line running east to west across the Chinese mainland. Great progress has also been made in the renovation of other old lines and the rolling stock industry.
(I) focused on the construction of new railroads
Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the task of coal transportation has increased substantially. Coal transportation accounted for more than 40% of the railroad freight. For this reason, the Ministry of Railways in this period of new railroad construction focuses on the solution of coal transportation.
The newly built Gunshi Railway is Gunzhou and Tengzhao Coal Field coal a channel to the sea, the new Gun Railway and Gunshi Railway, Taijiao Railway connected to become parallel to the eastern section of the Longhai Railway East-West trunk line, is the mountain system of coal out of the sea of a channel. Da Qin double-line electrified railroad under construction, but also China's first coal-based, heavy-duty unit trains of modern railroads, this railroad will be Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other areas of coal out of the important channel for the development of mountain coal bases, increase Inner Mongolia, Ningxia coal out of the amount will play an important role.
The western section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, which connects with the former Soviet Union railroad from Urumqi to Alashankou at the national border, is another important international trunk line from China to the former Soviet Union, and an important part of the continental bridge connecting Asia and Europe, which is of great significance in politics, economy and national defense.
◆Beijing-Qin Railway
Surprisingly, the railroad is 290 kilometers long from Shuangqiao of Beijing Junction to Qinhuangdao, which is an important corridor for the northern route of Jin coal outward transportation, and is also the first newly-built double-line electrified railroad in China, and the first time to use AT power supply. The 155 kilometers of the Beijing end of the line is the second line added to the Tongtuo line built in 1975, and the rest is newly built. The Beijing-Qinshan Railway started construction in September 1981, opened to traffic in 1984, operated in 1985, and completed in 1986 with a fiber-optic digital communication system. Right: Electric locomotives haul coal trains.
◆Gunshi Railway
The Gunshi Railway, with a total length of 308 kilometers from Chengjiazhuang on the Beijing-Shanghai Railway to Shishoushou Harbor on the Yellow Sea, is a channel for coal from Shanxi and Shandong to go out to the sea, which was begun in 1981 and put into operation in 1985.
◆Xingon RailwayXingon Railway
From Xinxiang of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, it crosses the Yellow River in Changguan, and enters Dongming of Shandong Province and arrives at Gunzhou, with a total length of 315 kilometers. Jining to Heze section started in 1977, completed in 1982, Xinxiang to Heze section started in 1983, completed in 1985. The total length of Changdong Yellow River Bridge is 10,282 meters, with 301 piers and a 1,243-meter-long meeting station on the bridge. In October 1985, the bridge was completed. This section of the Yellow River, "water can not run boats, no water can not run cars", the riverbed stasis change drastically, known as "tofu waist", the project is very difficult.
Left: Changdong Yellow River Bridge is the longest railroad bridge in China
◆Daqin Railway
Daqin Railway is 653 kilometers long from Datong Junction Hanjialing to Qinhuangdao, and crosses the railroad with Fengsha Railway in Huailai of Hebei Province and crosses the railroads of Beijing Tongtong and Jingcheng in the suburb of Huairou of Beijing, which was begun in 1985 and was to be completed in 1992. This railroad is an important channel for coal transportation from Yanbei, Pingshuo, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and other regions, with an annual capacity of 100 million tons. The whole line adopts advanced technology and equipment with international level in 1980s.
◆Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway U-A section
Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway U-A section from Urumqi to the border of Alashankou, and the former Soviet Union railroad, the total length of 467 kilometers, the road had started construction in 1958, stopped in 1961, resumed construction in 1985, and completed in September 1990, the road was built in 1958, stopped in 1961, resumed in 1985, and completed in 1990, the road was completed in September 1990, the road was completed in September 1990, the road is now under construction.
◆Tonghuo Railway
Tonghuo Railway is a 419-kilometer-long railroad from Tongliao to Hollinhe in Inner Mongolia, which is a railroad for the transportation of open-pit coal from Hollinhe. The construction started in May 1978, and the railway was opened to the traffic in 1984, and was delivered to the operation on December 31, 1989, which is the first time for the transportation of lignite coal out of China. This railroad is of great significance for the transportation of lignite coal out of China, solving the energy shortage in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, promoting the economic development along the route and consolidating national defense.
◆Beijing-Kowloon Railway
Left: The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, which winds its way through the mountainous terrain (the red arrow points to the location of the line)
◆Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway's investment in environmental protection projects will reach 1.2 billion yuan, the highest in the history of China's railroad construction. This was disclosed in a white paper titled "Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection in Tibet" released by the State Council Information Office here on October 10th.
The white paper said that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has set the goal of "building an ecological and environmental protection-oriented railroad" at the beginning of the demonstration.
In the selection of the railroad line, it tries to avoid the key areas where wild animals live and move around. Can not be avoided, must pass through the wildlife activity area of the road, for the habits of wildlife along the route, migration patterns, in different sections of the deployment of twenty-five different types of wildlife passages; in many sections also specially set up as a migratory wildlife crossing the channel of the dry bridge in order to maximize the guarantee of the normal activities of wildlife along the railroad. For example, in June and July, in order to the Tibetan antelope smoothly through the site to the breeding place to give birth to their young, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway relevant units involved in the construction of this stop construction for four days, the construction personnel and construction machinery to evacuate the site.
The white paper said that in order not to damage the natural environment, such as grasslands and wetlands, great attention was paid to the protection and restoration of surface vegetation during construction. The turf in the sections where vegetation is difficult to grow, the roadbed and the places where construction vehicles pass through are to be preserved, transplanted section by section, preserved easily, and later covered to the completed roadbed slopes or the surface of the construction site, so as to minimize the loss of the surface vegetation. For the lots with better natural conditions, select grass species suitable for plateau growth, supplemented by suitable seeding breeding techniques, and make the best efforts to restore the surface vegetation. The natural conditions of a slightly better lot for artificial cultivation of turf test, supplemented by spraying, mulching and other technologies, in the Tuotuo River Yangtze River source area, the plateau roadbed grass planting special test has achieved initial success.
The white paper said, after the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway stations, heating the use of electricity, solar energy, wind energy-based environmentally friendly energy. Station waste collection and centralized treatment; living sewage to be treated and discharged, as far as possible for greening; passenger cars using closed car body, the car garbage bagged, transported to the plateau under the handover station centralized treatment. Management to adapt to the characteristics of the plateau, to take the center of the management mode, the whole line set up seven central station. Each center station management control radius of about eighty kilometers, on the line and maintenance is fully responsible. As far as possible to use remote automation control, mechanized maintenance, reduce the organization and personnel on the plateau, to maximize the protection of the natural ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau.
(2) the use of advanced technology, accelerate the modernization of the railroad
The solution to the lack of railroad capacity with the way out lies in the use of advanced technology, accelerate the modernization of the railroad. In terms of rolling stock, the use of high-power traction power and new types of vehicles to expand the train set, improve train weight, speed up the speed. To this end, several new types of internal combustion, electric locomotives and passenger and freight vehicles have been developed. At the same time the introduction of technology, imported a number of internal combustion and electric locomotives. From 1949 to 1989, the railroad rolling stock factory *** manufactured 1,139 electric locomotives, 4,953 internal combustion locomotives, 3 gas turbine locomotives, steam locomotives, 9,659 units, 26,922 passenger cars (including 447 subway coaches), 450,678 wagons.
In signaling, it vigorously develops automated and semi-automated occlusion systems, and implements electrical centralization, dispatching centralization and dispatching supervision to improve operating speed and ensure traffic safety. Communication development of long-distance small coaxial cable, increase the long-distance cable; carrier machine to 300 road, 960 road and other multi-way direction; railroad long-distance telephone automation, to the capacity of 300 to 6,000 doors of the multi-door vertical and horizontal system of automatic exchange of several direction. In addition to the development of fiber-optic communications, special communications, such as scheduling telephone, go to the section of the telephone and train wireless dispatch telephone.
Freight accelerate the development of container transport, improve the level of mechanized loading and unloading to reduce labor intensity.
Line maintenance mechanization, in addition to self-developed tamping machine, track-laying machine, slag unloading machine, roadbed shaping machine, long-track carriers, clearing sieve machine, but also the introduction of a complete set of large-scale road maintenance machinery to improve the quality of the line. The construction of bridges and tunnels is also being innovated, and a number of bridges with novel style and tunnels with complicated technology have been built; a number of bridge factories with advanced technology for manufacturing steel girders and concrete girders have been built.
◆Dayao Mountain Tunnel
Dayao Mountain double-line electrified tunnel is located in the mountainous area of Yaoshan in the south ridge of northern Guangdong between Pingshi and Lechang of Beijing-Guangzhou Line, which is the key merit of building the second line of Hengguang, with a length of 14,295 meters. Tunnel construction adopts 4 inclined shafts and vertical shafts to excavate in sections, and the cave adopts composite lining structure, according to the new Austrian method of construction. At the same time using supporting large-scale modern machinery, to achieve bursting, loading, transport and spray anchor support, concrete lining comprehensive mechanized flow operation. Right: Qiantang River New Railway Bridge is located in the downstream of the old bridge, construction began in 1987. The picture shows the night view of the construction site
◆Maglev train in Shanghai
The world will be shaken by the magnetic levitation train project in Shanghai, China, and the "magnetic levitation speed" will be rewritten as the new speed of human ground travel, and the history of the world's transportation development will be opened since Watt invented the steam engine and the Wright Brothers invented the airplane and another brand-new page.
Splendid crossing of the roof of the world--written on the occasion of the paving of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
October 12, 2005, is destined to leave a colorful mark on the history of the world's railroads: the world's highest elevation, the longest line of the plateau permafrost railway----the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is laying the whole track. --On October 15, the first batch of aid materials for Tibet arrived in Lhasa through the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of Tibet's history of not being able to access the railroad, and also marks that all provinces, cities and districts in China are all connected to the railroad.
Breaking through the permafrost problem, overcoming the lack of oxygen on the plateau, and protecting the fragile ecology
Railway construction problems cracked
The construction of the Tibet railroad is the dream of several generations of Chinese people. Since the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have been caring for the construction of the Tibet Railway. 1984, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Xining to Golmud was officially operated. June 29, 2001, the 1,142-kilometer-long Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Golmud to Lhasa officially started construction.
Landslides, earthquakes, wind and sandstorms, thunder and lightning, strong sunshine and mudslides. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project is faced with the "frozen soil, high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility" three major world railroad construction problems. 4 years, more than 100,000 road building army to carry forward the "challenge the limits of the spirit of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the courage to create a first-class", in the snow-covered plateau to create a new railroad, and the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a great success.
In the past four years, more than 100,000 road construction troops have been carrying forward the spirit of "challenging the limit and creating the first-class" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, creating one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost area, in addition to some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swampy wetlands and slope wetlands, which is the biggest difficulty in the construction of the project. 200 scientific researchers and engineers have jointly attacked the problem, and successively gnawed down the perennial permafrost tunnels, bridges, roadbed construction and application of a number of world problems, and a number of permafrost engineering measures are pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway the first to be built in China. Many permafrost engineering measures are the first of their kind at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "world museum of permafrost engineering".
The ice layer of the wind volcano is more than 150 meters thick. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to cross the wind volcano at all.
The China Railway Bureau, which is responsible for the construction of the railway, cooperated with a number of scientific research units and successively overcame a number of world-wide highland permafrost construction problems. 2002 October, the Wind Volcano Tunnel was successfully opened.
The whole Qinghai-Tibet Railway is at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters above sea level, of which there are 960 kilometers at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters above sea level, with the highest point reaching 5,072 meters, the annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and the extreme minimum temperature is minus 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content of the air is only half of that of the mainland, and the constructors may suffer from life-threatening plateau diseases such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of the builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters insisted on the health protection first, in the past, the common construction site "not afraid of suffering, not afraid of death" and other lofty words, was "people-oriented, health protection" replaced. Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and workers can be sent to the construction site hospital for treatment within half an hour when they are sick. Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, there are 17 large-scale oxygen stations, and each worker is obliged to inhale oxygen for no less than 2 hours a day on average. In the more than four years of construction since the start of the project, no one has died of altitude sickness.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has many varieties of rare animals, large populations and a fragile ecological environment. The total investment in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway amounted to 33.09 billion yuan, of which the investment for environmental protection amounted to more than 1.2 billion yuan. The command department also implemented the environmental protection supervision system for the first time in China's large-scale projects, and entrusted a third party to monitor the environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway throughout the whole project. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for China's key projects: the first time the environmental protection responsibility book was signed with the provinces and regions through which the railroad passes; the first time a migratory channel was built for wild animals; the first time turf was successfully planted and transplanted at high altitude ......
Reducing transportation costs, expanding external exchanges, and changing the structure of consumption
Plateau development Opportunity once in a lifetime
First time in Tibet, there will be a **** the same feeling: high prices. According to the investigation of the relevant departments of Tibet, in Lhasa, a ton of coal 700 yuan, a ton of cement 800 yuan, 100 yuan of the actual purchasing power of the yuan equivalent to the coastal areas of 54 yuan. The reason for this is mainly that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based mode of transportation has increased the transportation costs of materials to and from Tibet and the economic expenditures of people going in and out of Tibet.
The inconvenience of transportation has increasingly become a bottleneck for Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. Tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine, agricultural and livestock products processing, national handicrafts and other plateau characteristics of the development of industry, are constrained because of the traffic.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud section since the operation, become the development of Qinghai's ChaiDaMu Basin and promote the economic development of the two provinces and regions of Qinghai and Tibet, the main road of transportation. The new city of Gobi, Golmud, has developed into a modern city from the former Gobi wasteland.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the two provinces of Qinghai and Tibet, and is a strategically important channel linking Qinghai and Tibet with the mainland, and is also an important part of the road network skeleton in the western hinterland. The passage of Qinghai-Tibet railroad will provide a wide space for the economic development of Qinghai, Tibet and the two provinces and regions, and fundamentally improve the transportation facilities of Tibet, so that Tibet can form the three-dimensional transportation of railroad, highway and aviation, completely solve the problem of the difficulty of the materials and personnel entering and exiting the country, and accelerate the reasonable adjustment of the industrial structure, and gradually form its own blood-forming function of the economy.
Tandem plateau landscape, show charming charm, attract the world's attention
Golden tourism line calling
Blue sky and white clouds, snowy mountains and canyons, folk customs, religious monasteries ...... mysterious Tibetan Plateau with its great charm, has been attracting Chinese and foreign tourists. Since 1980, the number of tourists visiting Tibet has increased at an average annual rate of 27.6%, and tourism revenue has increased at an average annual rate of 34%, both indicators are significantly higher than the national average.
Tibet has taken the tourism industry as the first of the characteristic economy, however, the closed transportation has restricted the growth of this industry. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not only provide passengers with lower fares, but will also link the three cities of Xining, Golmud and Lhasa into a whole, forming the Golmud Tourism Circle and the Lhasa Tourism Circle.
The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway will remain open to traffic around the clock and use an infrared monitoring system. Trains will be able to reach speeds of up to 120 kilometers per hour in general sections and 100 kilometers per hour in tundra sections. This means it will take no more than 12 hours to travel from Golmud to Lhasa.
According to reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train is divided into two kinds of ordinary coaches and sightseeing trains, the former to transport passengers, the latter also has a tourism function, each to a resort can be parked and sightseeing, the sightseeing train is expected to have an annual capacity of 900,000 passengers. At that time, tourists will sit in the carriages with oxygen supply function, enjoy food and drink, ethnic flavor performance and other services, and browse the beautiful scenery outside the window. This will undoubtedly lead to a big increase in the number of travelers to Tibet and promote the prosperous development of Tibet's tourism industry.
Faced with the new situation, Tibet has put forward the strategy of leapfrog development. The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will undoubtedly enable Tibet to ride on the express train of the times and head for a better tomorrow.
Respondent: Happy as the wind 2 - Manager Grade 4 3-6 18:57
The Roof of the World's Brilliant Crossing--Written on the occasion of the paving of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
October 12, 2005, is destined to leave a colorful mark on the world's railroad history: the world's highest elevation, line On October 15, the first batch of aid materials for Tibet arrived in Lhasa via the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of Tibet's history of not being able to access the railroad, and also marks the fact that all provinces, cities and districts in China are all connected to the railroad.
Breaking through the permafrost problem, overcoming the lack of oxygen on the plateau, and protecting the fragile ecology
Railway construction problems cracked
The construction of the railroad into Tibet is the dream of several generations of Chinese people. Since the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have been caring for the construction of the Tibet Railway. 1984, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Xining to Golmud was officially operated. June 29, 2001, the 1,142-kilometer-long Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Golmud to Lhasa officially started construction.
Landslides, earthquakes, wind and sandstorms, thunder and lightning, strong sunshine and mudslides. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project is faced with the "frozen soil, high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility" three major world railroad construction problems. 4 years, more than 100,000 road building army to carry forward the "challenge the limits of the spirit of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the courage to create a first-class", in the snow-covered plateau to create a new railroad, and the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a great success.
In the past four years, more than 100,000 road construction troops have been carrying forward the spirit of "challenging the limit and creating the first-class" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, creating one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost area, in addition to some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swampy wetlands and slope wetlands, which is the biggest difficulty in the construction of the project. 200 scientific researchers and engineers have jointly attacked the problem, and successively gnawed down the perennial permafrost tunnels, bridges, roadbed construction and application of a number of world problems, and a number of permafrost engineering measures are pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway the first to be built in China. Many permafrost engineering measures are the first of their kind at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "world museum of permafrost engineering".
The ice layer of the wind volcano is more than 150 meters thick. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to cross the wind volcano at all.
The China Railway Bureau, which is responsible for the construction of the railway, cooperated with a number of scientific research units and successively overcame a number of world-wide highland permafrost construction problems. 2002 October, the Wind Volcano Tunnel was successfully opened.
The whole Qinghai-Tibet Railway is at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters above sea level, of which there are 960 kilometers at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters above sea level, with the highest point reaching 5,072 meters, the annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and the extreme minimum temperature is minus 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content of the air is only half of that of the mainland, and the builders may suffer from life-threatening plateau diseases such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of the builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters insisted on the health protection first, in the past, the common construction site "not afraid of suffering, not afraid of death" and other lofty words, was "people-oriented, health protection" replaced. Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and workers can be sent to the construction site hospital for treatment within half an hour when they are sick. Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, there are 17 large-scale oxygen-making stations, and each worker is obliged to inhale oxygen for no less than 2 hours a day on average. In the more than four years of construction since the start of the project, no one has died of altitude sickness.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has many varieties of rare animals, large populations and a fragile ecological environment. The total investment in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway amounted to 33.09 billion yuan, of which more than 1.2 billion yuan was invested in environmental protection. The command department also implemented the environmental protection supervision system for the first time in China's large-scale projects, and entrusted a third party to monitor the environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway throughout the whole project. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for China's key projects: the first time it signed a responsibility statement for environmental protection with the provinces and regions through which the railroad passes; the first time it constructed a migratory corridor for wild animals; and the first time it successfully planted and transplanted turf at a high altitude. ......
Reducing transportation costs, expanding external exchanges, and changing the consumption structure
Plateau development Opportunity once in a lifetime
First time in Tibet, there will be a **** the same feeling: high prices. According to the investigation of the relevant departments of Tibet, in Lhasa, a ton of coal 700 yuan, a ton of cement 800 yuan, 100 yuan of the actual purchasing power of the yuan equivalent to the coastal areas of 54 yuan. The reason for this is mainly that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based mode of transportation has increased the transportation costs of materials to and from Tibet and the economic expenditures of people going in and out of Tibet.
The inconvenience of transportation has increasingly become a bottleneck for Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. Tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine industry, agricultural and livestock products processing, national handicrafts and other plateau characteristics of the development of industry, are constrained because of the traffic.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud section since the operation, become the development of Qinghai's ChaiDaMu Basin and promote the economic development of the two provinces and regions of Qinghai and Tibet, the main road of transportation. The new city of Gobi, Golmud, has developed into a modern city from the former Gobi wasteland.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the two provinces of Qinghai and Tibet, and is a strategically important channel linking Qinghai and Tibet with the mainland, and is also an important part of the road network skeleton in the western hinterland. The passage of Qinghai-Tibet railroad will provide a wide space for the economic development of Qinghai, Tibet and the two provinces and regions, and fundamentally improve the transportation facilities of Tibet, so that Tibet can form the three-dimensional transportation of railroad, highway and aviation, completely solve the problem of the difficulty of the materials and personnel entering and exiting the country, and accelerate the reasonable adjustment of the industrial structure, and gradually form its own blood-forming function of the economy.
Tandem plateau landscape, show charming charm, attract the world's attention
Golden tourism line out
Blue sky and white clouds, snow-capped mountains and canyons, folk customs, religious monasteries ...... mysterious Tibetan Plateau with its great charm, has been attracting Chinese and foreign tourists. Since 1980, the number of tourists visiting Tibet has increased at an average annual rate of 27.6%, and tourism revenue has increased at an average annual rate of 34%, both of which are significantly higher than the national average.
Tibet has taken the tourism industry as the first of the characteristic economy, however, the closed transportation has restricted the growth of this industry. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not only provide passengers with lower fares, but will also link the three cities of Xining, Golmud and Lhasa into a whole, forming the Golmud Tourism Circle and the Lhasa Tourism Circle.
The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway will remain open to traffic around the clock and use an infrared monitoring system. Trains will be able to reach speeds of up to 120 kilometers per hour in general sections and 100 kilometers per hour in tundra sections. This means it will take no more than 12 hours to travel from Golmud to Lhasa.
According to reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train is divided into two kinds of ordinary coaches and sightseeing trains, the former mainly conveying passengers, the latter also has a tourism function, and can stop for sightseeing at each destination, with an expected annual capacity of 900,000 passengers on the sightseeing train. At that time, tourists will sit in the carriages with oxygen supply function, enjoy food and drink, ethnic flavor performance and other services, and browse the beautiful scenery outside the window. This will undoubtedly lead to a big increase in the number of travelers to Tibet and promote the prosperous development of Tibet's tourism industry.
Faced with the new situation, Tibet has put forward a strategy of leapfrog development. The opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway will undoubtedly make Tibet ride on the express train of the times and head for a better tomorrow.
◆Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, U-A section
Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, U-A section, from Urumqi to the border of Alashankou, connects with the former Soviet Union Railway, with a total length of 467 kilometers, which had been started with the construction of the railroad in 1958, stopped in 1961, resumed the construction in 1985, and was completed in September, 1990, and is now under construction.
◆Gunshi Railway
Gunshi Railway is 308 kilometers long from Chengjiazhuang of Beijing-Shanghai Railway to Shishoushou Harbor of Yellow Sea, which is a channel for Shanxi and Shandong coal to go out to the sea, and it was started in 1981 and put into operation in 1985.
◆Beijing-Qin Railway
Surprisingly, the railroad is 290 kilometers long from Shuangqiao of Beijing Junction to Qinhuangdao, which is an important corridor for the northern route of Jin coal outbound transportation, and is also the first newly-built double-line electrified railroad in China, and the first time to adopt AT power supply method. The 155 kilometers of the Beijing end of the line is the second line added to the Tongtuo line built in 1975, and the rest is newly built. The Beijing-Qinshan Railway started construction in September 1981, opened to traffic in 1984, operated in 1985, and completed in 1986 with a fiber-optic digital communication system. Right: Electric locomotives hauling coal trains.