Basic principle of x-ray machine
X-ray was discovered by Professor Roentgen in Germany in 1895. This radiation from a vacuum tube can penetrate objects. In the electromagnetic spectrum, its energy is stronger than visible light, its wavelength is shorter and its frequency is higher. Similar radiation rays include cosmic rays, X-rays and so on.
X-ray generation must have an X-ray tube, and the basic structure of the X-ray tube must have:
Cathode (cathode filament)
Anode (anode)
Vacuum glass shell
And, of course, power.
X-ray characteristics
The object that can penetrate is invisible light, which is linearly scattered in a wide wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum. The speed of light can make fluorescent substances emit light, and the negative can be sensitive to light, which will cause scattered lines.
When an X-ray enters an object, three things happen:
Be absorbed by an object.
Produce scattering.
Penetration (penetration)
Four factors affecting the image effect:
Density-mass
Contrast -kVp
Sharpness-motion, geometric parameters
Distortion-position, angle
Relationship between X-ray wavelength and film contrast
When X-ray penetrates a patient, its penetration rate is mainly related to the patient's tissue structure and X-ray wavelength.
Short wavelength X-ray (high kilovolt)
High energy and good penetration lead to low contrast on film.
Long-wavelength X-ray (low kV)
Low energy, easy to be absorbed by human body, poor penetration and high contrast in the film.
App application
X-ray machines are widely used in various fields of medical care, science education and industry. For example, X-ray machines can be used in hospitals to help doctors diagnose diseases, for industrial nondestructive testing, and for safety inspection of railway stations and airports.