Beginning in 2003, the central government arranged cooperative medical care subsidies for farmers participating in the new cooperative medical care in the central and western regions, except for urban areas, at the rate of 10 yuan per capita per year, and local financial subsidies for farmers participating in the new cooperative medical care were no less than 10 yuan per capita per year. Farmers' fulfillment of their obligation to make contributions in order to participate in cooperative medical care and to protect themselves against the risk of disease cannot be considered an additional burden on farmers. This is the first time in the history of the Chinese government that it has made a large-scale investment in solving the basic medical and health problems of farmers.
The most basic and important point in social insurance is that it emphasizes not the equality of individual cost-benefit, but the social satisfaction of insurance benefits. The new rural cooperative medical care, as a kind of social insurance, the satisfaction of the farmers who benefit from it and the taxpayers who are the source of the government's subsidized funds plays a pivotal role in its success. The survey found that some farmers do not participate in the new rural cooperative medical care mainly based on the low level of protection of the new rural cooperative medical care, farmers do not understand it well, fear of policy changes, and think that it is to take their own premiums to compensate other people and other considerations. The farmers who participate in the new rural cooperative medical care are dissatisfied mainly because of the low level of protection, participation and reimbursement procedures are cumbersome.
What are the problems of rural medical insurance
The medical insurance system, as an important part of the social security system, shouldering the role of safeguarding the public's health, stabilizing the society and redistributing the national income, has traditionally been attached importance by the governments of the world.
1. It is difficult to restore and rebuild the original cooperative medical insurance system in rural areas in the short term
Since 1976, with the implementation of the rural contract responsibility system, the grass-roots cooperative medical system has gradually become a mere formality or disintegrated on its own. First, the source of funds is limited, but the expenditure has a clear uncontrolled phenomenon.
Secondly, the unequal enjoyment of health care services by cadres and villagers is one of the reasons why it is difficult to revive the cooperative medical care, but more importantly, the shift in the income mechanism has completely struck down the fund financing basis on which the cooperative medical care is based.
2. Uneven distribution of health care resources between urban and rural areas, and irrational allocation of health resources
More medical personnel with higher medical skills are gathered in large hospitals, and most people in rural areas often utilize the health resources of the village health office or individual village doctors, however, most of the village health personnel have not participated in formal training, and a considerable portion of the village health office does not have the necessary disinfection equipment.
The top three diseases among the rural population are respiratory diseases, malignant tumors and cerebrovascular diseases. Most of these diseases lead to a decline in family income or even poverty, and the occurrence of these diseases could have been reduced through the dissemination and popularization of health care knowledge, but due to the government's lack of investment in facilities and preventive work in rural areas, it is difficult to carry out effective publicity campaigns.
3, rural cooperative medical policy instability
After the economic system reform, the state has taken a laissez-faire attitude towards cooperative medicine, cooperative medicine from the national policy into a local policy, which makes the development of rural cooperative medicine lost the national policy of "mandatory" power, the initiative has greatly decreased! This makes the development of rural cooperative medical care lose the power of the "compulsory" national policy, and the initiative is greatly reduced. In addition, after the 1990s, the state to reduce the burden on farmers, the abolition of the mandatory "cooperative medical care" program, this policy conflicts with the state policy to support the development of rural cooperative medical care, thus increasing the difficulty of the development of rural cooperative medical care.
4, the lack of rural medical insurance legislation
No special laws and regulations to protect the rural cooperative medical system, so the rural medical delay on the right track. Without the protection of the legal system, so that the nature of cooperative medical care can not be accurately determined, its role in the entire social security system is difficult to locate, the lack of stability and continuity, prone to confusion. Rural medical insurance legislation must be in line with the current stage of China's economic development and the needs of farmers, if you can not effectively reduce the burden of medical care for farmers, to the principle of coercion, will inevitably cause farmers to resent.
In summary: the medical insurance was started in 2003, but it was not until 2010 that it was basically popularized to the vast rural areas. Compared with residents' health insurance, the state's support for rural health insurance is much stronger, while the subsidies are also relatively more.
Legal basis:
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Social Insurance
Article 24
The State establishes and improves the new rural cooperative medical system.
Methods for administering the new type of rural cooperative medical care shall be prescribed by the State Council.
Article 25
The State establishes and improves the basic medical insurance system for urban residents.
Basic medical insurance for urban residents is a combination of individual contributions and government subsidies.
The government shall subsidize the portion of individual contributions required by those who are entitled to the minimum subsistence guarantee, persons with disabilities who have lost the ability to work, and elderly persons over the age of sixty and minors from low-income families.