Medical Virtual Reality Technology Research
Abstract Medical Virtual Reality Technology (MedicalVirtual Reality Technology), as an emerging discipline is now being gradually formed, which is a collection of medicine, biomechanics, mechanics, materials science, computer, graphics, computer vision, mathematical analysis, mechanical robotics and other multidisciplinary new cross-cutting research areas. Graphics, computer vision, mathematical analysis, mechanical robotics and other multidisciplinary as one of the new cross-cutting research areas. Medical virtual reality technology is a new technology strategy quietly into the field of medical education, it will be for the future development of medical technology to provide a wider range of prospects.
Keywords data filtering; data conversion; virtual visual environment display; stereoscopic image
Abstract: Medical Virtual Reality Technology (Medical Virtual RealityTechnology), as an emerging It is a new multi-disciplinary field of cross-over study with aspects in medicine, biomechanics, mechanics, materials and technology. It is a new multi-disciplinary field of cross-over study with aspects in medicine, biomechanics, mechanics, materials science, computer graphics, computer vision, robotics, and mathematical analysis. isprogressively becoming an essential part the medical field.It is an importantfield that will lead to the discovery of new medical technology.
Keywords: data filtering;data conversion;VIVED;stereo image
1. Virtual Visual Environment Display-VIVED
By NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), the virtual reality technology is progressively becoming an essential part of the medical field. Center (JSC) and other departments, the use of virtual reality technology to provide people with an original medical education strategy. It integrates all the virtual reality technologies that encapsulate the human skull and heart, providing the ability to interact with other multimedia (audio, video, etc.) [1].
2. Virtual Surgery (Virtual Surgery)
As a medical virtual reality technology field is developing a research direction, its purpose is to use a variety of medical image data, using virtual reality technology, in the computer to establish a mapping environment, the doctor with the help of the information in the virtual environment for the development of surgical planning, surgical exercises, surgical teaching, surgical skills training, intraoperative guidance surgery. Surgical skills training, intraoperative guidance surgery, postoperative rehabilitation and other work, virtual surgery fully embodies the role of virtual reality as computer graphics in the medical treatment process.
3. Hardware
A Reality Engine computer produced by Silicon Graphics, Inc. is used to open the computational axial tomography (CAT/CT) and magnetic **** vibration imaging slices, into the three-dimensional volumetric images and can produce the body "flying" observation effect of the movie. The final 3D images were viewed on a Macintosh IICX computer with 16M RAM. The Mac was chosen because of its price/performance ratio and audio/visual superiority to similar PCs, and because it is widely used in school systems across North America and is arguably the leader in desktop multimedia, with a wide range of software and hardware to support it. And VR movies can be stored on a hard drive or transferred to a CD and viewed through red and blue glasses. It can also be viewed using a virtual reality head-mounted display (HMD) or binocular omni-directional display (boom system). The final image can be stored on a CD-ROM or laser vision disk.
4. Software
4.1 File Conversion and Data Preparation
Galveston supplied CAT/CT slices of the human skull with a thickness of 1.5mm and slices of the MRI of the heart were used to create the 3D images. The CT scan of the skull passes through a foam strip during the scanning process, so some useless data is generated. The scan of the skull results in the generation of a dataset with more than 120 slices through the skull and 60 slices through the mandible (chin), while the MRI scan of the heart yields a dataset of 200 slices. The data files created by the medical branch are sent to IGOAL (Integrated Graphics, Operations and Analysis Laboratory). There it is scanned and filtered to remove extraneous data with as little loss of important information as possible.IGOAL has developed a tool called ?Ctimager? for thresholding, which removes unwanted noise and extraneous data from the slices.
4.2 Data Filtering and Conversion of Volume Data to Polygonal Data
Using a development tool called ?dispfly? by IGOAL, a large amount of converted data can be displayed directly by the computer at a later time. This tool is used for multiple filtering algorithms to prepare CT and magnetic **** vibration imaging data for conversion to polygonal forms. Anatomical models are generated based on algorithms for moving multidimensional data sets. The filtering process usually consists of thresholding the data to remove most of the noise. A low-pass filter is used to minimize the high-frequency noise that will produce an irregular surface bumpy when fed into the algorithm. This process produces a relatively smooth surface, which approximates the scanned sample and reduces the number of polygons that generate noise. A unique filter on cardiac data is created by smoothing only the data between scans and is not needed for other filtering [2]. Since the heart and skull have a large number of slices in the dataset, several patterns were created, each of which represents a small number of slices. A meshing algorithm, ?meshit?, was later developed to improve display performance. This algorithm converts the original set of triangles into efficient strips. On average over 100 triangles make up each triangle strip.
4.3 Generating Stereo Images
After the model was built, the stereo sequences were rendered.IGOAL developed a tool called OOM (Object-Oriented Manipulator) that was used to store to disk each frame that had been rendered into a stereo image represented by a separation of the colors red and blue. Once these sequences are recorded to disk, the format of the data is converted to the Macintosh .pict format, and the full-color image sequences are transferred to the Mac as per non-stereoscopic viewing.
4.4 Stereoscopic Images and Multimedia
Mac images can be edited to produce desired effects, such as digitizing a body overlay or inserting text describing what is being viewed. Using Apple's QuickTime extension, images are converted to QuickTime movie animations on the Mac.
5. Conclusion
Medical images of a CT scan of the skull are processed by a Macintosh computer by processing information from a helmet monitor or arm system to ultimately produce a high-quality VR image. Scientists are currently trying to generate a VR model of the heart using imaging data from magnetic **** vibration.
Preliminary results show that high-resolution models can be developed using this type of imaging data. And in order to maintain a high-quality VR imaging target, a large amount of the data is described in a sequence of frames, which creates some problems. To mitigate this problem, scientists are exploring alternative hardware and software solutions.
Another issue is that the technology targets the HMD's display system. To maintain a high-quality virtual reality experience, LCD displays have no resolution requirements. In CRT displays are available on a variety of educational platforms to meet the resolution requirements, but the cost is prohibitive. Surgical simulation may become routine, especially when developing complex and rare surgical scenarios.
6. Status of Application and Research in VIVED
Current research, emphasizes the importance of creating a high-resolution human virtual reality simulator for educational purposes. And the application of this technology must be fully understood in its complex three-dimensional relationships, such as in the following areas: anatomy education, various types of mechanical equipment, biochemistry, pathology research, surgeons, simulation of orthopedics and training of surgeons using endoscopy.
7. Other applications
With the development of virtual reality technology in medicine, new educational solutions and strategies are springing up. For example, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill uses ultrasound, MRI and X-rays to create dynamic images of radiation therapy? prediction? model. Dartmouth Medical School created mathematical models of the human face and lower extremities to study surgical outcome assessment. Greenleaf Medical Systems in Palo Alto develops ?EVAL? and ? Glove Talking? systems as a means of realizing? evaluation and demonstration? systems. Sensor-lined data gloves and data suits are used to obtain a greater range of use and to provide a validated measure of impairment for patients with sports injuries and disabilities. Glove Talk? is a sign-language device that helps rehabilitate patients with data gloves, allowing a person to use only computer-understandable gestures without the need for a voice (stroke or cerebral palsy patients). And the use of helmet displays makes it possible for patients in need of rehabilitation to relearn behaviors such as opening and closing doors, walking, pointing or turning [3].
8. Conclusion
High-quality VR images can be generated from CT scans of the skull on a Macintosh computer using a helmet monitor or armature system. Scientists are currently developing a VR model of the heart generated from magnetic **** vibration imaging data. Preliminary findings suggest that high-resolution models can be realized using this approach to imaging data technology. To maintain high-quality virtual reality target imaging, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the ? fly-through? s frame sequences to the amount of data. The hardware and software solutions formulated by other civilizations have been designed to explore the alleviation of this problem. Then there is the fact that the technology is a display system technology for HMDs. This is because LCD displays are not involved in maintaining high-quality virtual reality in various medical education platforms, and it is too expensive to implement high-resolution CRT displays.
References
[1] "NASA TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Commercial Applications of Aerospace Technology", National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Technology Applications.
[2]Porter, Stephen, "Virtual Reality", Computer Graphics World, (March, 1992), 42-54.
[3]Sprague. Laurie A., Bell, Brad, Sullivan, Tim, and Voss, Mark, "Virtural Reality In Medical Education and Assessment", Technology 2003, December 1993.
Correspondence should be addressed to Lou Yan.
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