General knowledge of the test - the attention of the blood test
The blood test is often encountered when the doctor asked the patient to draw blood to do a variety of blood indexes of the laboratory in order to clarify the diagnosis or differential diagnosis, and targeted treatment and rational use of medication. The first thing that you need to do is to get your hands on a new pair of shoes or boots.
First of all, you need to ask your doctor what you need to pay attention to when you get your blood drawn. Different laboratory projects have different requirements, a few emergency laboratory projects such as routine blood, dielectric, myocardial enzyme spectrum, troponin, amylase, etc. because of the condition of the urgent need for venous blood tests. Most of the biochemical, immune, radio-immune laboratory tests such as liver function, kidney function, two half, anti-"O", rheumatoid factor, tumor series antigen, hormone determination, AIDS antibodies, etc., in principle, require fasting in the morning to draw blood or fasting for more than 6 hours to draw blood. Lipid analysis, blood glucose, blood sedimentation, blood viscosity and other tests are easily affected by diet and must be drawn on an empty stomach, especially lipid analysis, because after eating, celiac disease can occur, which seriously affects the results of the measurement, so it is required to fast for more than 12 hours to draw blood. Many drugs can affect the results of blood indicators, so every day to take medication patients should be asked to ask whether it is possible to stop the drug before the blood test.
The night before the blood draw should have enough sleep, and the morning should not do strenuous exercise, because strenuous exercise can also make the concentration of various blood indicators change, affecting the results. If you have an upset stomach on an empty stomach, you can drink a small amount of water, but do not drink milk. For glucose tolerance test and insulin excitement test, bring glucose powder. In the morning, you can go to the hospital's blood drawing center or outpatient laboratory 10 minutes in advance to adjust your body and mind to a stable state before drawing blood. When you have your blood drawn, you should give the doctor all the laboratory application forms to avoid missing tests. If you are wearing more clothes in fall and winter, you should take off your coat and thick sweater so that the sleeves will not be too tight and it will be difficult to stop the bleeding after the blood is drawn. When drawing blood, you should cooperate with the doctor, especially when children's blood is drawn, parents should assist the doctor to fix the child's arm. The body should be relaxed while making a fist while pumping blood, and you can talk to the bystanders to distract your attention in order to get rid of the tension.
After the blood was drawn, a sterilized cotton ball should be pressed firmly against the puncture site for 3-5 minutes to stop the bleeding, and at the same time, the sleeve of the shirt should be relaxed. Do not rub the puncture site to avoid localized bruising. Do not touch the puncture site after bleeding has stopped to avoid infection. Occasionally, some people have "needle fainting" phenomenon after blood sampling due to fasting, poor rest, mental stress and other factors: dizziness, pale, general weakness, difficulty in breathing. At this time to immediately seek help from the doctor, at the same time they can lie flat in the waiting chair, loosen the belt, deep breathing, with the help of the doctor a few minutes later can be relieved. People who have a history of "needle fainting" can bring some candies and chocolates to the next blood sampling, and take them immediately after the blood sampling to avoid the occurrence of such phenomena. The last thing you need to do is to ask your doctor about the time and place where you will get your lab report so that you can get a timely diagnosis and treatment.
2. Common sense and precautions for blood donation
Precautions before and after blood donation
1. Don't eat or drink too much the night before you donate blood, and don't eat meat, fish, eggs, milk, soybeans, and greasy food for the first two meals. Eat a light diet to prevent the blood from becoming cloudy and affecting the quality of the blood.
2. Keep a good sleep the night before blood donation, and don't have an empty stomach before blood donation to avoid dizziness, panic, sweating and other reactions during blood donation.
3. If you have a cold, fever, or cough two days before donating blood, you should hold off on donating blood.
What to pay attention to in the process of blood donation
When donating blood, it is always necessary to keep a happy mood and full of honor. Under the guidance of the nurse to carry out sanitary cleaning of the elbow of both arms, when seated in the blood collection, need to cooperate with the blood collection nurse to check and answer the name, age, blood type. The arm with better exposed blood vessels at the elbow should be put in place, and the arm to be collected should be placed as far as possible in a horizontal line with the heart in order to maintain a smooth blood flow. During the process of blood collection, the whole body should be relaxed to avoid excessive pain caused by skin or muscle contraction that may affect the needle insertion, and at the same time, you may take the initiative to consult the nurse about blood donation to enhance the understanding of blood donation. In addition, it is important to remain moderately quiet during blood donation to minimize unnecessary irritability. If you experience panic, tightness of breath, cold sweat, thirst or inability to sit still, you should tell the blood collection nurse or the visiting doctor immediately. In order to take treatment measures. Because of the thin blood vessels or blood flow is not smooth, according to the nurse's request to be actively cooperate, in the whole process of blood collection, the arm can not casually movement.
What to pay attention to after blood donation
After the blood collection, the donor should take a short rest in the blood collection position or nearby, and should not get up in a hurry to prevent the occurrence of transient cerebral ischemia. At the same time, press the sterilized cotton ball in the eye of the needle to avoid blood seepage or subcutaneous ecchymosis at the eye of the needle.
On the day after blood donation, pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the puncture eye, take a shower, do not use dirty or soapy water to enter or *** the eye of the needle, in order to prevent infection.
In the 1-2 days after blood donation, appropriately increase the amount of water, pay attention to increase a little high protein and easy to digest food, do not overeat. Pay proper attention to rest, do not carry out strenuous activities. Individuals who experience tiredness, as long as they get enough sleep, will soon disappear.
Donors should feel happy after donating blood because they have done something selfless and meaningful, and donating blood will not harm their health. However, if there are some adverse reactions after donating blood, they should get in touch with the blood collection unit so that they can make timely visits and treatments.
Nutritional supplementation after blood donation is generally appropriate to increase the various nutrients necessary for hematopoiesis. The raw materials for blood production mainly include: protein, iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. (Foods that contain high quality protein include milk, lean meat, eggs, and soy products. Foods containing more iron include: animal liver, jellyfish, shrimp, sesame, kelp, black fungus, seaweed, shiitake mushrooms, peas, jujubes, and cinnamon. In addition, you can use iron pots when stir-frying vegetables. Foods that contain more folic acid include pork liver, kidney and beef. Foods containing more vitamin B12 are: animal liver, pig or sheep kidney, curd, etc.).
You don't have to be particular about what you eat after donating blood, as long as you eat scientifically sound, nutritious, tasty, comfortable, and in the right amount, you will be able to regain that lost portion of your blood in a short period of time. These nutrients are available in the ordinary diet and there is no need to go for more of them in particular. After donating blood, some appropriate nutrients, eat some lean meat, eggs, soy products, fresh fruits and vegetables, etc., can promote the recovery of blood components more quickly, but do not overeat, and do not drink alcohol.
Who can't donate blood?
(1) People who have had a tooth extraction or other minor surgery within half a month.
(2) Women who are three days before or after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy and abortion, and less than one year after delivery and breastfeeding.
(3) Those who have not completed one week after recovering from colds and acute gastroenteritis, those who have not completed one month after recovering from acute urinary tract infections, and those who have not completed three months after recovering from pneumonia.
(4) some infectious diseases such as dysentery recovery less than six months, typhoid fever recovery less than a year, Brucella disease recovery less than two years, malaria recovery less than three years.
(5) Those who have been transfused whole blood and blood components in the last five years.
(6) Those who have not completed six months after major surgery, appendectomy, hernia repair, tonsil surgery less than three months.
(7) Those who have not completed one week after the healing of limited inflammation of the skin, and those who have not completed two weeks after the healing of extensive inflammation.
3. Why can't you eat breakfast and drink water before the blood draw
Don't drink water before the blood draw because drinking water will dilute the blood and the results of the test will be biased. Some people's blood stickiness is related to his constitution, or perhaps to the composition of the blood cells in his body, just as it is difficult to stop bleeding after someone has bled.
Health checkups or some diseases need to go to the hospital for blood tests, the doctor or nurse will simply tell the patient on the first day, "Tomorrow, blood tests, do not eat breakfast". Blood for liver function and other laboratory tests, mainly through the analysis of the chemical composition of the blood to help the doctor to test, in fact, many laboratory test results are often affected by a variety of factors, to get accurate results, to avoid some of the results of the experiment will interfere with the behavior.
Expanded information:
1.tiredness will affect the results, not too much tired before the blood draw, or by the cold, hot and violent ***, which can lead to the rise of white blood cells.
2. Don't wear thick clothes, the day of the blood draw, don't wear clothes with cuffs that are too tight and too small, the cuffs are too tight so that the sleeves can't be rolled up when the blood is drawn, or the bleeding is difficult to stop bleeding, resulting in an arm hematoma.
3. Fear makes it difficult to collect blood, and it is important to relax when collecting blood, because fear can cause blood vessels to contract, making it more difficult to collect blood.
4. If you have a history of bloodsickness, it is best to inform the nurse in advance, and bring some candies and chocolates with you when you have your blood drawn.
Reference link: Blood Drawing|Baidu Encyclopedia
4. Benefits of Blood Drawing
(1) It can prevent and relieve hyperviscosity; it can make people feel relaxed, clear-headed, and energetic.
(2) It can prevent and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; blood donation also has a positive effect on reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
(3) can promote and improve mental health, blood donors in the community to dedicate love at the same time, but also improve their own physical condition.
Blood is known as the "river of life". Numerous studies have shown that healthy emotions can communicate with the brain and other tissues and organs through nerves, body fluids, and the endocrine system to keep them in a good state, which is conducive to the enhancement of the body's immunity and resistance. The blood donation is a noble act of saving a life, and the blood donors are in the best state of emotions while helping people, which is good for their health.
The blood test knowledge
1, before the blood will be drawn before the arms clean, so that when the blood will be drawn, disinfection will be better, to avoid infection. 2, the day of the blood, do not wear cuffs too small and tight clothes, to avoid the blood or after the blood, the sleeve is too tight, caused by the arm vascular hematoma. 3, for the different test items consult the doctor, treat it differently. For example, blood glucose check, postprandial blood glucose, must eat before checking; fasting blood glucose, must be checked in the morning on an empty stomach; before the lipid check, it is best not to eat food containing too much fat, such as pork chop soup, steamed meat and so on. Before checking cholesterol, eat less eggs. After paying attention to these, the blood draw will be more convenient, more rapid, and better for you to save the time of diagnosis and treatment.
5. Ordinary blood tests can not detect AIDS
Analysis: General hospital tests just check, routine blood, biochemistry, liver and kidney function, lipids, blood glucose and other types of tests, ordinary blood tests are not checking for HIV advice: blood tests, just for checking the general disease, to check the specific bacterial or viral, but also need a special reagent. To detect specific bacteria or viruses, special reagents are needed. There are two ways to detect HIV: virus isolation and culture, and HIV antibody detection. The incubation period for HIV is 6 months to 5 years. HIV culture and isolation is expensive and time-consuming, and is only used by a few organizations. HIV antibody testing is done at the CDC, but not in hospitals. The test is done once every few months to check the blood count, and if there is a history of medication, it may be to check whether the medication is affecting the liver and kidney, and to check the function of the liver and kidney.
6. Physical examination program What are the common sense of physical examination
Three categories
1. Clinical physical examination department physical examination program, by virtue of the doctor's personal experience in the physical examination, requiring the doctor to have extensive clinical experience.
2. Instrumental medical examination room medical examination program, mainly with the aid of equipment to assist detection, technicians through the equipment to assist the doctor to detect the physical condition.
3. Laboratory physical examination department physical examination program, mainly for blood, urine, stool laboratory chemical testing
Detailed division and detailed content, clinical significance of the following: general examination, internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, ENT, anorectal and gynecological routine and other clinical projects
With a simple instrument through the site of the palpation of the physical examination, to understand the body's basic conditions.
With simple instruments and physical examination through on-site palpation to understand the basic condition of the body.
Blood sampling
Blood sampling (for laboratory tests)
Blood specimen sampling
X-ray examination
Using Χ-ray fluoroscopy of the chest cavity, diseases that may be detected by screening include tuberculosis, lung tumors, hydropneumothorax, pneumothorax, bronchodilatation, tracheal dilatation, ventricular hypertrophy, protruding aortic arch, scoliosis, and diagnosis of diseases of the thorax and bones. If the frontal Χ-ray examination is normal, but there is a chronic cough with blood in the sputum, the lateral Χ-ray examination will be added
Bone density
Human bone density reaches its peak around the age of 30 years, and then the bone mass will be lost year by year, which results in the loosening of the bone structure and fragility of the bones, and the gradual occurrence of "osteoporosis". Therefore, it is best for normal people to be screened annually after the age of 30.
Common sub-tests
Stomach
Imported capsule endoscopy
The full name is "intelligent capsule gastrointestinal endoscopy system", also known as "medical wireless endoscopy". Capsule endoscopy has the advantages of convenient examination, non-invasive, no wire, no pain, no cross-infection, does not affect the patient's normal work, etc., expanding the field of view of the gastrointestinal tract examination, overcoming the traditional insertion of endoscopy has a poor tolerance, is not suitable for the elderly and frail and the critical condition of the shortcomings of the gastrointestinal tract diseases, especially the small intestinal diseases as the first choice of the diagnosis of the method.
Abdomen
Examines the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys for disease. Eight main areas are examined, including the liver, intrahepatic bile ducts, common bile duct, gallbladder, kidneys, hepatic portal vein, pancreas, spleen and others. Detects fatty liver, cirrhosis, liver and gallstones, unexplained abdominal pain and other diseases.
Prostate
Prostate hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostate cancer, prostate cyst, prostate abscess, prostate tuberculosis, prostate stones and others.
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram is a graphic depiction of the electrical potential changes associated with the heart beat to determine whether there is atrial or ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, irregular pulse, cysticercosis, systemic diseases that cause changes in the heart, and other abnormalities
Internal medicine 5
(heart, lungs, liver, spleen, nervous system, etc.) Through physical examination, to rule out internal medicine or to detect signs of internal diseases. Physical examination can be used to rule out or detect signs of internal diseases
7. About Blood Donation
● Does blood donation affect my health? The total amount of blood in a person is about 8% of his body weight. A person weighing 50 kilograms has about 4,000 milliliters of blood, however, only 70-80% of the total amount of blood flows through the blood circulation, and the rest of the blood is stored in organs such as the liver and the spleen and is replenished at any time.
The survival period of red blood cells in the blood is 120 days, white blood cells 7-14 days, platelets 7-9 days, the body is always cellular senescence and death, by the bone marrow and other "hematopoietic factories" newly generated cells to replace. Therefore, often a small amount of blood donation, *** bone marrow hematopoietic function proliferation active, but can promote the human blood metabolism, good health.
● What are the requirements for a blood test for blood donation? You can eat before you donate blood for medical checkups and blood tests, but you are only required to eat light food before the checkups and do not consume high-fat, high-protein foods, medications, or alcohol, so as not to affect the results of the blood tests. ● Is it a disease if my blood test fails? In order to ensure the quality of blood, the central blood station of the blood test and the hospital's determination standards are different, the former for the detection of the quality of the blood of the qualified standards; and the latter is the determination of the pathology of the standards, the standards of the two are fundamentally different.
Therefore, the results of the blood tests conducted by the blood center cannot be used as a basis for determining diseases, and should not be used as a basis for worrying about the disease. What should I pay attention to before and after donating blood? Before donating blood: the first day of light vegetarian, fasting high-fat defense, high-protein food; forbidden to drink alcohol, medication; to ensure enough sleep, do not empty stomach blood.
After donating blood: 20 minutes of rest after donating blood; 24 hours should not be strenuous exercise; pay attention to the needle eye on the pressure to stop bleeding, keep clean; rest on time, to prevent cold and flu; do not need a special diet. ● Why can't I eat greasy food before donating blood? When people eat greasy food, such as fatty meat, eggs, peanuts, etc., the plasma lipid content will rise, making the plasma cloudy.
Infusion of high-fat-proof blood can cause adverse reactions in some patients. ● Why can't I have an empty stomach when I donate blood? Due to the relative decrease in the content of grapefruit in the body during fasting, it is very easy to cause adverse reactions when donating blood.
Precautions for blood donation - What are the rules that citizens should follow when donating blood? (1) Fill out the blood donation registration form truthfully, do not misrepresent or conceal your past medical history. (2) A single blood donation is usually 200 milliliters, with a maximum of 400 milliliters, and the interval between two collections is not less than six months.
(3) After passing the blood donation checkup, you should participate in blood donation according to the specified time so as not to affect the hospital's blood use program. Because drinking a lot of water will dilute the blood, reduce the quality of blood and affect the patient's treatment.
-What should I pay attention to before donating blood? You should learn about blood donation, understand the common sense of blood donation, and eliminate the nervousness. Before donating blood two meals do not eat greasy food, do not drink alcohol, but do not have an empty stomach, you can eat steamed buns and vegetables and other light food; and it is best to take a bath or wash your arms.
- How to stop bleeding after donating blood? After pulling out the needle, you should straighten your forearm, or raise your forearm slightly after straightening it, and use the index finger and middle finger of your other hand to press on the eye of the needle and above to stop bleeding for 5 minutes. Do not bend the elbow to stop bleeding, because bending the elbow will add a certain resistance to the venous network of the back of the hand back to the heart of the blood, so that the blood flow is blocked, overflow from the blood vessels of the eye of the needle, and subcutaneous petechial hemorrhage; do not twist the cotton ball, which will make the blood vessels of the eye of the needle just bonded and then kneaded open.
- What should a normal person pay attention to in terms of diet after donating 200--400 milliliters of blood? You should pay attention to the normal diet and nutrition, proper nutrition, eat some lean meat, eggs, milk, soy products, vegetables and fruits, the day can drink more water, but do not overeat. -What are the conditions under which a person cannot donate blood for the time being? (1) Those who have had their teeth extracted or other minor surgeries within half a month.
(2) Women who are three days before or after menstruation, during pregnancy, less than six months after abortion, and less than one year after delivery and breastfeeding. (3) Colds, acute gastroenteritis recovery less than a week, acute urinary tract infection recovery less than a month, pneumonia recovery less than three months.
(4) some infectious diseases such as dysentery recovery less than six months, typhoid fever recovery less than a year, Brucella disease recovery less than two years, malaria recovery less than three years. (5) The transfusion of whole blood and blood components in the past five years.
(6) Those who have not completed six months after larger surgery, appendectomy, hernia repair, tonsil surgery less than three months. (7) Those who have not completed one week after the healing of limited inflammation of the skin and those who have not completed two weeks after the healing of extensive inflammation.
-What are the conditions under which a person cannot donate blood? (1) Sexually transmitted diseases, leprosy and AIDS patients and HIV-infected patients. (2) Hepatitis patients, hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis C antibody positive.
(3) allergic diseases and repeated episodes of allergy patients, such as frequent measles, bronchial asthma, drug allergies (simple measles not during the acute attack can be donated blood). (4) All kinds of tuberculosis patients, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, lymphatic tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis.
(5) cardiovascular disease patients, such as various heart disease, hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis and thrombophlebitis. (6) Patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchodilatation pulmonary insufficiency.
(7) digestive and urinary system diseases, such as severe gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic nephritis and chronic urinary tract infection, nephrotic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis. (8) Blood disease patients, such as anemia, leukemia, true erythrocytosis and a variety of bleeding and coagulation diseases.
(9) patients with endocrine diseases or metabolic disorders, such as pituitary and adrenal diseases, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, uremia and diabetes. (10) Organic neurological diseases or psychiatric patients, such as encephalitis, sequelae of traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, severe neurasthenia.
(11) parasitic diseases and endemic patients, such as black fever, schistosomiasis, filariasis, hookworm disease, cysticercosis and schistosomiasis, Crohn's disease and macrosomia. (12) Patients with various malignant tumors and benign tumors affecting health.
(13) Those who have had surgery to remove the stomach, kidney, spleen and other important internal organs. (14) Patients with chronic skin diseases, especially infectious, allergic and inflammatory systemic skin diseases, such as ringworm, generalized eczema and generalized psoriasis.
(15) Patients with ophthalmic diseases, such as keratitis, iritis, optic neuritis and high myopia with changes in the fundus. (16) Autoimmune diseases and collagenous diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis and scleroderma.
(17) People with a history of drug abuse. (18) Homosexuals, multiple *** people.
(19).
8. How to write a phlebotomy outpatient discharge summary
Sample essays on outpatient discharge summaries can be found everywhere on the Internet, and today, LoveHealthTalent.com has compiled a collection of articles related to outpatient discharge summaries, so that you can write outpatient discharge summaries no longer worry.
The outpatient study exceeds the theory, completely highlighting the importance of practice. Phlebotomy is an important part of outpatient work. Combined with the theory of hands-on operation, familiarize yourself with the whole process of understanding the blood draw. The blood draw clinic discharge summary The site of the tourniquet, the scope of disinfection, the angle of the needle, these textbook knowledge combined with the operation and the strengthening of the concept of asepsis are the fruit of this outpatient internship.
As I had worked in the inpatient department for about 2 months before coming to the outpatient clinic, I was familiar with several common operations, and my movements were not so rusty. I can play a role in the outpatient work, but not when I first entered the department to help people, the idea of filling the trouble. The company's business is also a good example of how it can be used in the marketplace," he said.
The work of the phlebotomy room to do fast, every day to many patients who come to the hospital from afar to collect test specimens to assist the doctor to make a diagnosis. So fast out of the quality has become a major principle in the work of the phlebotomy room. Doing things quickly, but seek to be organized. Because the patient's short time in the hospital does not allow you to make a mistake, the wrong tube of blood, leakage of a tube of blood due to find the patient will not have the opportunity to save.
Conducting phlebotomy ten not only to be stable, accurate, hate, but also to use the hands and eyes, in the eyes can not recognize where the blood vessels, hand touch is the only solution. Most of the operation objects in the department are obvious patients, where I can rely on the hand to touch the needle into the blood vessels and successful puncture, the sense of achievement is my outpatient internship is the most profound feeling. Of course, in blood sampling, there are times when I fail: when I don't see any blood back, when I puncture a blood vessel and bleed. In addition to giving the patient a puncture, I had to calm them down and avoid arguments with them. At first I was speechless when I encountered this situation, perhaps because I was scared and confused, and really lacked experience. From the way the teacher solved the problem, I learned how to effectively deal with this kind of situation again. The internship is not only to master the skills and knowledge, but also to master how to look at the world of human beings.
In addition to the outpatient clinic, the emergency work is also another part of this transfer internship, to receive those who are not in the outpatient clinic within the scope of the normal working hours to receive treatment and examination, or inconvenient to hospitalization every day to receive temporary treatment, to give them the establishment of a convenient and fast treatment window. Subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injections are the three most common operations in emergency medicine, and before each operation, you must register the information of the patients who come to receive treatment: their names, the name of the drug, the dosage, and the method of injection.
What you don't see in the general ward is the emergency room, where the patient is examined and evaluated without knowing anything about his condition, and the first treatment is given. The patient's basic condition is quickly understood: name, vital signs, general skin condition, edema, etc., and the doctor is informed of the treatment.
Although we didn't meet any critical patients during this internship, our teacher explained to us how to use all kinds of resuscitation equipments and the precautions for the use of all the equipments. The only thing I regret is that I didn't get to see these instruments in action.
In addition to the work is the usual discipline problems, their own behavior problems and teachers to get along with the problem, every time to do than the teacher to go to work earlier than the teacher, before the teacher came to all the goods are ready to hand over all the goods, treatment goods ready. I am always ready to hand over all items before the teacher arrives and prepare the treatment items. I work hard during working hours and concentrate on the operation without any sloppiness or carelessness. I know that nursing treatment is a strict work, and I can't make any mistake, so I keep vigilant at all times. Usually more communication with the teacher, do not understand the teacher must consult in a timely manner, prohibit unauthorized claims to bring all the unnecessary trouble.
The end of the outpatient internship means that this stage of my learning has come to an end, but also means that a new round of learning will be ushered in. This learning has brought me endless wealth, adding another gold to my life treasure.