Basic principle of PCR technology:
This technology is an enzymatic synthesis reaction relying on DNA polymerase in the presence of template DNA, primers and four deoxyribonucleotides.DNA polymerase uses single-stranded DNA as a template and initiates the synthesis with the help of a small piece of double-stranded DNA, which is then combined with a piece of single-stranded DNA template by one or two synthetic oligonucleotide primers to form a partial double-stranded DNA. complementary sequence to form a partial double strand.
Under the appropriate temperature and environment, DNA polymerase adds a deoxygenated mononucleotide to the 3?-OH end of the primer and, using this as a starting point, extends it along the template in the 5?→3? direction to synthesize a new complementary strand of DNA.
APPLICATIONS OF PCR TECHNOLOGY:
The first clinical applications of PCR technology began with the detection of mutations in sickle cell and β-thalassemia.
The most valuable application of PCR in medical laboratory science is the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Theoretically, as long as a sample has a pathogen present, PCR can detect it.
PCR technology can not only effectively detect the mutation of genes, but also accurately detect the expression of oncogenes, according to which early diagnosis of tumors, typing, staging and prognosis can be judged.