The current "general strategy", "general principles" and "general requirements" for the prevention and control of the new coronavirus epidemic: the general strategy is to prevent external input and domestic rebound. The general policy is to clear dynamically. The general requirements are to strengthen confidence, work together in the same boat, implement scientific prevention and control, and implement precise policies.
Management
1. What are the "four mornings" measures?
The "four early" measures refer to: early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment.
2. What are the "Four Concentrations"?
The "four concentrations" refer to: concentrating patients, concentrating experts, concentrating resources, and concentrating treatment.
3. What does “four parties’ responsibilities” refer to?
"Four parties of responsibility" refers to territories, departments, units and individuals.
4. What is the difference between home isolation and home health monitoring?
Home medical observation, referred to as home quarantine, refers to close contacts and special groups in close contact, people returning from medium-risk areas, patients after discharge, asymptomatic infected persons after release from isolation, and other professional Personnel assessment of medical health management implemented by persons who cannot undergo centralized medical observation. Home isolation has certain requirements for the environment and facilities. If the on-site comprehensive assessment fails to meet the requirements, it can be transferred to centralized medical observation. Home isolation requires that people live alone under the guidance of community medical staff and cannot go out.
Home health monitoring refers to a kind of self-health management under the supervision and guidance of township (street) and village (resident) committees, and regular reporting of health monitoring. The core of home health monitoring is not to go out unless necessary. If you really need to go out, you should be responsible for yourself, others, and society, and travel under the premise of personal protection. At the same time, avoid taking public transportation such as buses and subways. Avoid entering public places and other places where crowds gather or spaces are confined.
5. What do the “three areas and two channels” of centralized medical observation sites refer to?
“Three zones and two passages” refers to the rational zoning and setting up of passages within centralized medical observation sites as needed.
The three areas are the living area, the medical observation area and the material support and supply area. There should be strict boundaries between different areas, and physical partitions need to be adopted for isolation and clear signs should be set up.
The two channels refer to the staff channel and the isolated personnel channel. The two passages cannot cross, and should be distributed at both ends of the venue as much as possible, with clear signs set up. At qualified observation points, the garbage removal channel can be separated from the channel for isolating personnel according to the actual situation.
6. What is the definition of some groups of people involved in epidemiological surveys?
1. Definition of imported cases (asymptomatic infections imported from abroad). Before the onset of the case or asymptomatic infection, the patient has a travel history or residence history in overseas epidemic countries or regions within 14 days before the nucleic acid test is positive, and infection in China is excluded.
2. Enter the definition of secondary cases (enter secondary asymptomatic infections). The patient was infected due to a clear contact history with imported cases from overseas within 14 days before the onset of the case or the positive nucleic acid test of the asymptomatic infected person. The determination principle meets the following three conditions: ① Only had contact history with overseas imported cases in the 14 days before the onset of the case or the positive nucleic acid test of the asymptomatic infection; ② There are no confirmed cases or asymptomatic infections who have never been to or lived in the country The reporting community, or a foreign country or region with an epidemic; ③ There is no history of other suspicious exposures such as hospital visits, or there is no community transmission in the area. Such cases should be reported in the online direct reporting system as local cases.
3. Definition of close contacts. Persons who have close contact with suspected cases and confirmed cases but do not take effective protection starting 2 days before the symptoms of suspected cases and confirmed cases appear, or 2 days before specimen sampling of asymptomatic infected persons.
4. Definition of close contacts of close contacts (referred to as "close contacts").
The first contact between a close contact and a case or an asymptomatic infected person (the first contact between a close contact and a case or an asymptomatic infected person between 2 days before the onset of the case or 2 days before the specimen sampling of the asymptomatic infected person and before being quarantined and managed) (first contact) until the close contact is isolated and managed, those who have close contact with the close contact such as living in the same place, working in the same closed environment, having dinner and entertainment, etc. but without taking effective protection shall be investigated. Focus on people such as family members and colleagues who have frequent contact with close contacts.
5. Definition of general contacts. Have had contact with suspected cases, confirmed cases, and asymptomatic infected persons while taking the same means of transportation such as planes, trains, and ships, living, studying, working, and in the process of diagnosis and treatment, as well as having been exposed to shopping malls, farmers' markets, etc. People in public places such as markets, bus stations, and subways, but who do not meet the criteria for determining close contacts.
7. What is a cluster epidemic?
The definition of a cluster epidemic is the discovery of 5 or more cases and asymptomatic infections in small areas such as schools, residential areas, factories, natural villages, medical institutions, etc. within 14 days.
8. Who should be vaccinated?
The vaccination target is the permanent population and migrant population over 3 years old in the province, except for those with contraindications to vaccination.
9. What does “asymptomatic infected person” mean?
The novel coronavirus etiology test is positive, and there are no relevant clinical symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea and other self-perceived or clinically identifiable symptoms. Those who have physical signs and have no imaging features of COVID-19 on CT imaging.
10. How to report asymptomatic infections?
When asymptomatic infections are found in various types of medical and health institutions at all levels, they should report directly online within 2 hours, select "positive test" for the case type, and only "none" for the clinical severity. Symptomatic infected persons.” The date of onset is the time of positive specimen collection, and the time of diagnosis is the time of positive detection. If relevant symptoms or signs appear subsequently, it must be revised as a confirmed case within 24 hours, and the date of onset is revised to the time when the clinical symptoms or signs appear. After the centralized isolation medical observation is lifted, medical and health institutions must fill in the medical observation lifting date in the infectious disease report card of the online direct reporting system within 24 hours. If an asymptomatic infected person who has been released from isolation becomes "re-positive", a note can be made on the infectious disease report card of the individual case, and there is no need to make repeated reports.
11. How to set up a fever clinic?
Relevant medical institutions should set up pre-examination triage points in a standardized manner and select relatively independent areas to set up fever clinics. In principle, the infrastructure and hardware conditions of fever clinics must meet the requirements for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, with "three areas and two passages" set up in a standardized manner and a relatively spacious diagnosis and treatment space with good ventilation conditions.
12. What are key places during the COVID-19 epidemic?
During the COVID-19 epidemic, key places refer to places with dense population and high mobility that are prone to outbreaks of cluster epidemics, such as chess and card rooms, stations, airports, docks, public transportation, and fitness and entertainment venues. , hairdressing and bathing places, farmers (trade) markets, shopping malls and supermarkets, theaters, stadiums, conference centers, libraries, museums, art galleries and other indoor venues, product exhibitions and after-sales service venues, religious activity venues, etc.
13. What are key institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic?
During the COVID-19 epidemic, key institutions refer to institutions prone to cluster outbreaks, including medical institutions, children's welfare homes, nursing homes, nursing homes, supervision places, schools, child care institutions, training institutions, etc.
14. What are the prevention and control requirements for key places in different risk areas?
(1) Low-risk areas. On the premise of taking prevention and control measures such as personnel health monitoring, cleaning and disinfection, ventilation, and personal protection, vaccinations are carried out, and various key places are open or operating normally.
(2) Medium-risk areas.
In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should also be taken:
1. When a case of new coronavirus pneumonia is discovered, under the guidance of the local disease control agency, the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned, and the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned. It can be reactivated only after passing the academic evaluation.
2. Strengthen personnel health monitoring and check health codes.
3. The number of people entering the office should be strictly controlled, and staff should be arranged to sit in separate seats. If conditions permit, measures such as working from home and dispersed working should be adopted.
4. Shopping malls and supermarkets, banks, farmers’ markets and other business places should shorten their business hours, limit the number of personnel, stop promotions and other gatherings of people, and initiate emergency response measures.
5. Public transportation should take measures such as controlling the number of passengers and spreading out seating.
6. Places with densely populated and relatively confined spaces, such as religious activity venues, bathing places, and product exhibition and sales venues, should be closed.
(3) High-risk areas. Various key places should be closed or opened.
15. What are the prevention and control requirements for key institutions in different risk areas?
(1) Low-risk areas. Under the premise of taking health protection measures such as strengthening internal control, cleaning and disinfection, ventilation and personal protection, various key institutions have maintained normal operations.
(2) Medium-risk areas. In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should also be taken:
1. When a case of new coronavirus pneumonia is discovered, under the guidance of the local disease control agency, the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned, and the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned. It can be reactivated only after passing the academic evaluation.
2. Strengthen personnel health monitoring and check health codes.
3. Medical institutions should strengthen body temperature detection, strictly conduct pre-examination and triage, control the number of patients, and implement closed management in inpatient areas.
4. Nursing homes, nursing homes, children's welfare homes and supervision places should implement closed management, video visits and other measures, and no gathering activities should be held.
5. Schools and daycare institutions should adopt closed management and strengthen the management of various gathering activities. Large-scale indoor gathering activities should not be organized unless necessary.
6. It is recommended that training institutions change from offline to online teaching.
7. It is recommended that enterprises, government institutions, etc. adopt paperless offices to reduce the risk of contact and transmission, do not hold gathering activities, adopt staggered commuting, flexible work systems or home working methods, and do not provide dine-in and other measures.
(3) High-risk areas. In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should also be taken:
1. Medical institutions should stop elective surgeries and stop high-risk operations such as routine oral and endoscopic examinations.
2. Schools, childcare institutions, and training institutions will stop offline teaching.
3. Children’s welfare homes, nursing homes, nursing homes, etc. should avoid gatherings for mutual visits and do not provide dine-in meals.
4. Strictly control the flow of personnel in supervision places.
16. What do the "seven no's" mean when disinfecting?
Do not carry out large-scale disinfection of the outdoor environment; do not conduct air disinfection of the external environment; do not directly use disinfectants to Do not use disinfectants to disinfect ponds, reservoirs, artificial lakes and other environments; do not use chemical disinfectants to disinfect the air when there are people; do not use glutaraldehyde to wipe and spray the environment; do not use high-concentration Use chlorine-containing disinfectants for preventive disinfection.
17. What are the principles of disinfection?
1. The environment and objects should be cleaned daily, supplemented by preventive disinfection. Over-disinfection should be avoided and should be carried out at any time when contaminated. Clean and disinfect. During daily preventive disinfection, if there is no clear contamination (such as dust, food residues visible to the naked eye, etc.), the procedure of disinfecting first and then cleaning to remove residues can be adopted.
2. Physical disinfection methods should be preferred for daily preventive cleaning and disinfection. When using chemical methods for disinfection, give priority to low-irritation, environmentally friendly disinfectants; when infectious diseases occur, select appropriate disinfectants based on pathogen resistance and relevant program requirements.
3. The disinfection medicine and equipment used should comply with the relevant national regulations on disinfection products. The disinfection medicine and equipment managed according to the disinfection product management must have an effective disinfection product health and safety evaluation report and filing, and meet the corresponding health requirements; The disinfection effect of the medical equipment managed by disinfection products should meet the corresponding hygienic requirements.
4. When preparing and using chemical cleaning and disinfectants, personal protection should be taken, wearing work clothes, gloves, masks when necessary, and ensuring adequate ventilation; after removing gloves and personal protective equipment Hands should be washed thoroughly and promptly.
18. Disinfection measures: What does “disinfect at any time” mean?
Disinfection at any time refers to the timely disinfection of patient excrement, vomitus, body fluids and their contaminated environment and items during the hospitalization and transfer of cases and asymptomatic infected persons.
19. What does “terminal disinfection” as a disinfection measure mean?
Terminal disinfection refers to the thorough disinfection treatment carried out after the source of infection leaves the relevant place. It should ensure that the place and various items in it are no longer free of pathogens.
20. What are the types of specimens collected for laboratory testing of the new coronavirus?
Each case must collect respiratory specimens (including upper respiratory tract specimens or lower respiratory tract specimens) in the acute phase. For severe cases, priority is given to collecting lower respiratory tract specimens; stool specimens, whole blood specimens, and serum specimens can be collected according to clinical needs. and urine specimens. Objects and environmental specimens are collected according to monitoring needs.
21. What does the new coronavirus nucleic acid 10-in-1 mixed detection technology refer to?
The new coronavirus nucleic acid 10-in-1 test (10-in-1test) technology refers to a method that collects 10 swabs collected from 10 people into one collection tube for nucleic acid testing.
22. What are the requirements for the preservation of “new coronavirus biological samples”?
Specimens used for virus isolation and nucleic acid detection should be tested as soon as possible. Specimens that can be tested within 24 hours can be stored at 4°C; specimens that cannot be tested within 24 hours should be stored at -70°C. or below (if stored at -70°C, temporarily store in -20°C refrigerator). Serum specimens can be stored at 4°C for 3 days and below -20°C for long-term storage. A special warehouse or counter should be set up to store specimens separately.
23. What are the packaging requirements for “COVID-19 biological samples”?
1. After collection, the specimens are packaged in a biosafety cabinet in a biosafety level two laboratory.
2. All specimens should be placed in suitable-sized, freeze-resistant sample collection tubes with screw caps and gaskets inside, and tighten them tightly. The sample number, type, name and sampling date should be marked on the outside of the container.
3. Put the sealed specimens into sealed bags, with a limit of one specimen per bag. Sample packaging requirements must comply with the corresponding standards of the "Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air".
4. If the transportation of external specimens is involved, three-layer packaging should be carried out according to the type of specimen and Class A or Class B infectious substances.
24. What are the personal protective equipment for specific groups of people? How to use?
All persons who are in contact with or may be in contact with novel coronavirus pneumonia cases and asymptomatic persons, pollutants (blood, body fluids, secretions, vomitus and excrement, etc.) and their contaminated items or environmental surfaces Personal protective equipment should be used, including:
1. Gloves. When entering a contaminated area or performing diagnostic and treatment operations, wear disposable rubber or nitrile gloves according to the work content. Disinfect in time when coming into contact with different patients or when the gloves are damaged, change gloves and perform hand hygiene.
2. Medical protective masks. When entering a contaminated area or performing diagnostic and treatment operations, you should wear a medical protective mask or a powered air filter respirator. The air tightness should be checked before each wearing. When wearing multiple protective equipment, be sure to remove the medical protective mask last.
3. Protective visor or goggles. When entering a contaminated area or performing diagnostic and treatment operations, and when your eyes, conjunctiva, and face are at risk of being contaminated by blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, aerosols, etc., you should wear a protective face shield or goggles. Reusable goggles should be worn every time After use, disinfect and dry in time for later use.
4. Protective clothing.
When entering a contaminated area or performing diagnostic and treatment operations, you should change personal clothing and wear work clothes (surgical scrubs or disposable clothing, etc.), plus protective clothing.
25. What should you pay attention to when taking off protective equipment?
1. Try to minimize contact with contaminated surfaces when taking off.
2. Non-disposable items such as protective goggles and long rubber shoes that have been taken off should be directly put into a container filled with disinfectant for soaking; other disposable items should be put into yellow medical waste Collect