The Law of the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China on the Safety of Special Equipment is formulated to strengthen the safety of special equipment, prevent accidents of special equipment, safeguard the safety of persons and property, and promote economic and social development. Issued by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on June 29, 2013, since January 1, 2014 shall come into force.
Content Interpretation
People's lives and property safety in the first place - Kan Ke, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Legal Work Committee to interpret the special equipment safety law?
The third meeting of the Standing Committee of the twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) deliberated and voted to adopt the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Safety of Special Equipment.
Kan Ke, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Legal Work Committee, said that recently, China has a number of serious accidents occurred one after another in the production of safety, resulting in major casualties and property losses. The timely introduction of this law aimed at preventing special equipment accidents and safeguarding the safety of people and property is a vivid interpretation of the NPC Standing Committee's people-oriented, legislation for the people.
I, people-oriented legislation for the people
Kan Ke: special equipment may sound strange, but mention elevators, amusement rides, we are familiar with. Special equipment, including boilers, elevators, passenger ropeways, large amusement rides and other eight categories, usually at high pressure, high temperature, high altitude, high-speed conditions, if poor management, easy to lead to explosions, falls, and other production and public **** accidents, a serious danger to the safety of people and property.
With the rapid development of China's economy, the number of special equipment is growing rapidly. 2012 year-end, the total number of special equipment in the country reached 8.22 million units. Take elevators as an example, the number of elevators in China surged from 350,000 units in 2002 to 2.45 million units in 2012. 2013, China's production, installation and ownership of elevators ranked first in the world.
The number of soaring at the same time, special equipment safety situation is more complex. Still taking the elevator as an example, in recent years China's elevator accident rate and the number of deaths decreased year by year. But due to the surge in ownership, some of the elevators in use aging, maintenance is not timely and not standardized, the elevator is not normal stopping, "trapped" or even "swallowed" cases occur from time to time.
People-oriented, legislation for the people, is our legislative work has always been a fundamental principle. Legislation is to solve the outstanding problems prevailing in practice. This law is the first of the various types of special equipment safety management to do a unified, comprehensive regulation of the law. Its introduction marks China's special equipment safety work to the scientific, legalized direction has taken a big step forward.
Two, the responsibility for safety enterprise first
KanKe: This law establishes the "enterprise to assume the main responsibility for safety, the government to perform safety supervision duties and the community to play a supervisory role," a new model of special equipment safety work, further highlighting the production, operation and use of special equipment is the responsibility of safety The main body.
Production link, the law of special equipment design, manufacturing, installation, transformation, repair and other activities provided by the administrative licensing system; business link, the law prohibits the sale and rental of unlicensed production, uninspected and unqualified special equipment or state-ordered elimination and has been scrapped special equipment; use of the link.
Law requires that all special equipment must be registered to the regulatory authorities for the use of the use of registration, the use of units to implement the safety responsibility for the safe operation of the equipment to carry out regular safety inspections, regular maintenance; once the equipment is found to be faulty, it should be immediately stopped, to carry out a comprehensive inspection, to eliminate the hidden dangers of accidents.
These provisions are summarized from the blood of special equipment safety accidents. Previously, after the accident, some of the responsibility is not clear, by the government of the accident damage "pay the bill". This law is to strengthen the main responsibility of enterprises, increase the penalties for violations, urge the production, operation and use of units and their responsible persons to establish a sense of security, and effectively undertake to protect the safety of special equipment responsibility.
Three, refine the provisions to strengthen the implementation
Kan Ke: the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress proposed to further improve the quality of legislation, and effectively enhance the enforceability of the law. The law has increased from 65 articles in the first trial to 101 articles in 2013, with many targeted articles added and refined.
Recently, a number of elevator safety accidents have occurred consecutively, indicating that maintenance is an important link. It is understood that in May, Shenzhen Luohu a building elevator accident is due to the maintenance of personnel in violation of the use of liquid lubricants to lubricate the brake, resulting in the elevator braking ability to reduce.
Aiming at similar problems, the law clearly requires elevator maintenance must be undertaken by qualified units, the maintenance of the operators must undergo professional training, to obtain the qualification of operators; maintenance process should be strictly implement the requirements of the safety specifications, and the implementation of on-site protective measures to ensure the safety of construction.
Again, for example, for residential elevator safety management, the law made special provisions, if the owner entrusted the property service unit to manage the elevator, the property service unit shall perform the safety management obligations in accordance with the law. In the event of an accident, the property service unit should bear the corresponding responsibility if it fails to fulfill its safety management obligations.
Four, the government supervision according to law due diligence
Kan Ke: government departments on the supervision of special equipment, should not be a "nanny" overstepping the bounds of corporate responsibility, and should be "police" supervision, according to law to supervise the production, sale, with units And inspection, testing organizations to implement the obligations and requirements of the law, once found illegal, resolutely investigated and dealt with.
The law provides that the department responsible for the supervision and management of special equipment safety should be schools, kindergartens, and stations and terminals, shopping malls and parks and other places of public gathering of special equipment to implement key safety supervision and inspection.
To give full play to the role of social supervision, to protect the public's right to know. The law provides that the special equipment regulatory authorities should regularly publicize the safety of special equipment to the community. At the same time, the regulatory authorities are required to register the use of special equipment in accordance with the law to establish a complete supervision and management files and information query system to facilitate public inquiries.
V. Improve public safety awareness and enhance self-protection ability
Kan Ke: each person's life is only once, and the fall of each life will bring great loss and suffering to the family.
When using the elevator, play in the amusement park, pay attention to safety tips and listen to the staff management command; children ride the escalator, to be accompanied by an adult guard; restaurants, home use of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, to be sourced from the regular channels? The law is not enough to take the law into their own hands.
The legislation of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adheres to the people-oriented, to protect people's lives and property safety in the first place. However, the effective implementation of the law requires the whole society **** with efforts, need to consciously enhance the safety awareness of each person.
Expanded
Operational safety
(1) Preparation for overhaul, equipment parking steps and precautions
①Boiler overhaul before the preparation of the boiler first of all, the boiler according to the normal shutdown procedures to shut down the furnace, slow cooling. Open the door holes, at this time to prevent scalding by steam, hot water or flue gas. Then, the steam, feed water, sewage and other piping on the boiler to be inspected and the corresponding piping of other operating boilers with a blind partition, the flue of the boiler to be inspected and the flue of the total flue or other operating boilers connected to the flue partition. The location of the partition should be clearly indicated.
② pressure vessel maintenance before the preparation of blind completely cut off the container and external equipment connected to the pipeline, especially cut off and combustible or toxic media equipment access. Container internal media to all drain, for combustible, toxic or asphyxiating medium, should also be cleaned, replaced, disinfected and other technical processing, and by sampling and analysis of qualified. Cut off all power related to the container.
③Safety precautions in overhaul:
(a) pay attention to ventilation and guardianship before entering the equipment, open the pot, the container on the manhole and the collector box on the hand hole, fully ventilated; access to the equipment overhaul should be kept ventilated, and the equipment must be supervised by someone outside.
(b) pay attention to the safety of electricity Narrow, wet equipment overhaul, lighting should be used voltage does not exceed 12V or 24V low voltage explosion-proof lamps, is strictly prohibited the use of open-flame lighting.
(c) shall not be under pressure to dismantle the connecting parts inspection, such as the need to unload or tighten the fasteners of the pressurized parts, the pressure must be fully discharged before proceeding, in order to prevent accidents.
(2) the use of safety equipment and personal safety monitoring
Should be in accordance with the use of each type of protective equipment, standardized use. When in use, they must be worn carefully and fully throughout the exposure time. Workers should make full use of personal protective equipment to do self-protection to reduce the hazards brought about by the overhaul process.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Special Equipment
Baidu Encyclopedia-Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China