Categorized by the nature of use
1. Residential buildings: refers to the use of buildings for families or individuals to live for a longer period of time, can be divided into two categories of residential and group quarters. (Residence is divided into ordinary residence. High-grade apartments and villas. Collective dormitory is divided into single workers and student dormitories) 2. public **** building: is for people to shop. Office. Study. Medical care. Travel. Sports and other non-productive buildings, such as office buildings. Stores. Hotels. Theater. Stadiums. Exhibition halls. Hospitals, etc. 3. Industrial buildings refer to buildings used for industrial production or directly serving industrial production, such as factories, warehouses and so on. Warehouses, etc. 4. 4. Agricultural buildings refer to buildings used for or directly serving agricultural production, such as silos, farms, etc. Farms, etc.
Classified by the number of floors or total height
The number of housing floors refers to the natural number of floors of the house, generally calculated according to the indoor floor level of plus or minus 0 or more; light windows in the outdoor floor level above the semi-basement, and its indoor floor level of 2.20 meters or more (excluding 2.20 meters), the calculation of the natural number of floors. False floor. Annex (mezzanine). Mezzanine. Attic. Decorative towers. Stairwells and projecting roofs. Water tank rooms. Do not count the number of floors. The total number of floors in a house is the sum of the number of floors above the ground and the number of floors below the ground. Residences are classified by the number of floors into low-rise (1-3 floors), multi-storey (4-6 floors), medium-high-rise (7-9 floors) and high-rise (10 and above) buildings and complexes, with a total height of more than 24 meters are considered as high-rise, but do not include single-storey buildings with a total height of more than 24 meters. The total height of the building more than 100 meters, whether it is a residential or public **** building and the total building are called ultra-high-rise buildings
By building structure
The building structure refers to the building by the load-bearing components (foundations, walls, columns, beams, floors, roof frames and so on) composed of the system. 1. Brick and wood structure buildings, the main load-bearing members of such buildings are made of brick and wood, of which the vertical load-bearing members of the walls and columns are made of brick, and the horizontal load-bearing members of the floor slabs and roof frames are made of wood. The roof frame is made of wood. The number of floors of these buildings is generally low, usually less than three. This type of construction is common in ancient buildings and buildings of the 50s and 60s. 2. 2. Brick-concrete buildings with brick walls or columns for vertical load-bearing elements and reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof slabs for horizontal load-bearing elements. Roof slabs, including a small number of roofs with wooden roof frames. The number of floors of these buildings is generally less than six, and the cost is low. Seismic resistance is poor, openings. Depth and height are limited. 3. 3. Reinforced concrete buildings, the load-bearing members of these buildings such as beams, slabs, and floors. Slabs. Columns. Walls. Roof frames, etc. The load-bearing members such as beams, slabs, columns, walls, roof frames, etc. are made of reinforced steel and concrete. The enclosing elements such as exterior walls, partition walls, etc. are made of lightweight bricks or other masonry. It is characterized by strong structural adaptability, good seismic resistance and long durability. The types of reinforced concrete structure houses are frame structure, frame shear wall structure, shear wall structure, tube structure, frame tube structure and tube in tube structure. 4. 4. steel structure building, the main load-bearing components of such buildings are composed of steel, its high construction costs, multi-storey public **** building or large span of the building.
By building construction method classification
Construction method refers to the construction of the building methods used. 1. 1. cast-in-place building. The main load-bearing members of such a building are poured and masoned on the construction site. 2. 2. prefabricated. Prefabricated. The main load-bearing elements of this type of building are prefabricated in a fabrication plant and assembled at the construction site. 3. Partially cast-in-place masonry. 3. partially cast-in-place masonry Partially cast-in-place, partially assembled buildings. Part of the building components (e.g., walls) are poured or masonry at the construction site, and part of the components (e.g., floor slabs, staircases) are prefabricated at the fabrication plant.
By building durability classification
Durability class durability scope of application of the first level of more than 100 years of important buildings and high-rise buildings Second level of 50-100 years of general buildings Third level of 25-50 years of minor buildings Fourth level of less than 15 years of temporary buildings
Composition
Composition of the building, the composition of the system engineering, the main foundation: foundation, foundation and wall: 1.1, the foundation and wall: 1.1, the foundation and wall: 1.1, the foundation and wall: 1.1, the foundation and wall. , foundation and walls: 1. Foundation: the foundation is an integral part of the building, it is a load-bearing member below the ground level of the building, which supports all the loads of the building above it and transfers these loads and the self-weight of the foundation to the foundation below it. The foundation must be strong, stable and reliable. 2. foundation: foundation is not an integral part of the building, is to bear the load transmitted from the foundation of the soil or rock, the building must be constructed on a solid and reliable foundation, in order to ensure that the foundation of the solid, stable and prevent the occurrence of accelerated settlement or uneven settlement, the foundation should meet the following requirements: 1. have sufficient bearing capacity 2. have a uniform amount of compression to ensure that there is a uniform subsidence 3. have to prevent the generation of landslides, the ability of the tilting aspect. ability in terms of tilting. 3. Walls: Walls and columns are vertical load-bearing members, which support the roof, floor slabs, etc., and transmit these loads and self-weight to the foundation. The role of the wall 1. load-bearing role 2. maintenance role 3. separation role 4. decorative role. Requirements for the wall 1. sufficient strength and stability 2. to meet the thermal aspects (thermal insulation, heat insulation, to prevent the generation of condensation) of the performance 3. a certain degree of acoustic performance 4. a certain degree of fire performance.
Buildings include:
Houses houses palaces temples churches mosques castles towers tombs pyramids
Structures include:
dykes tunnels mines and bridges in general are in between. The composition of the building, according to the system engineering points, the main: foundation and foundation: the bearing area of the building; structural system: the building of the bone plus, carrying the building inside and outside the load; building system: including the building's roof, inside and outside the enclosing walls, floors, doors and windows, etc.; decorative system: refers to contact with the people of the indoor environment of the space surface. Including ceiling, wall, floor, lighting, sound, furniture, art, plants, etc.; Ventilation and air-conditioning system: refers to the equipment and piping to improve the indoor air environment. Including heating, air-conditioning, exhaust, smoke exhaust, etc.; Fire-fighting system: refers to the system to ensure the fire safety of personnel. Including alarm, sprinkler, fire hydrant, fire extinguisher, fire door, fire staircase, fire wall, fire shutter, fire broadcasting, fire lighting, etc.; Water Supply and Drainage System: It refers to the system that ensures water supply for personnel and the building. Including household pipes, water tanks, pipe networks, pumps, water appliances, cold water, hot water, drinking water, water, wastewater, sewage, rainwater, air-conditioning water, fire water pipe network, etc.; Strong electricity system: refers to ensure that the building power and distribution of piping systems. Including entry lines, transformer room, distribution room, transformer, power distribution network, lighting network, electrical appliances, etc.; Weak power system: refers to meet the requirements of the personnel of the information network system. Including telephone, television, radio, broadband, satellite, wireless signals and other pipe networks; gas system: refers to the gas pipe network system required by the building. Including natural gas, steam and other systems.
Bathrooms generally belong to the building of houses, housing
Knowledge about construction you can go to the Luwen building services network to see ah, they have a lot of knowledge of construction