First Aid Measures for Outdoor Struck by Lightning
First Aid Measures for Outdoor Struck by Lightning 1. When you see someone struck by lightning, immediately call loudly for assistance and tell others to call the emergency number. Immediately deduce the consciousness, breathing and heartbeat of the injured person. If there is no breathing, immediately carry out artificial respiration, no heartbeat to immediately carry out chest compressions, cardiopulmonary resuscitation as far as possible to adhere to the arrival of medical personnel. For those who are not breathing and have no heartbeat, immediate, sustained and effective CPR is essential.
2. If the victim is still breathing and has a heartbeat, check for other injuries. If he or she vomits, remove the vomit from his or her mouth and keep the airway open. If there is bleeding, stop the bleeding, if there is a wound, bandage it, and if there is a fracture, immobilize it. If the scene is not safe, carry it to a safe place, but pay attention to the method of carrying, so as not to cause re-damage to the injured.
3, after being struck by lightning, such as clothing and other fire, should immediately lie down, roll on the ground, or crawl in a depression with water, pool, so that the flame does not burn the face, in order to prevent respiratory burns suffocation death. Rescuers can pour water on the injured to extinguish the fire, can also be used to thick coat, blanket wrapped body fire. The injured should not run in panic, which will make the fire burn more and more. Burns can be rinsed with cold water and then bandaged with a clean handkerchief or clean cloth.
4, after being struck by lightning, some people will be burned, burned in time for cold treatment. Cold therapy is to put the burned parts in the flow of water rinse or put in a large pot of cool water soak, if there is no running water can be put into the limb of the well water, river water. Cold therapy lowers the local temperature, reduces wound pain, stops heat from continuing damage and reduces oozing and edema. Cold therapy lasts as long as the wound is no longer in severe pain after it is stopped, usually about 0.5?1 hour. If possible, you can also put some ice in the water to cool down.
5, lightning occurs, someone suddenly collapsed, mouth and lips purple, sigh-like breathing or not gasping for air, loud call also did not respond, indicating that the casualty loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest, which is the first call 120, and then seize the time to carry out on-the-spot cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The formation of lightning
The rapid discharge between a part of a charged cloud and another part of a cloud with a different charge, or a charged cloud to the earth. This rapid discharge process produces intense lightning accompanied by a loud sound. This is what we see as lightning and thunder.
Of course, discharges between clouds are mainly harmful to aircraft, but do not have a great effect on buildings, people and animals on the ground, while discharges from clouds to the earth are very harmful to buildings, electrical and electronic equipment, and people and animals.
Usually, there are three main forms of lightning strikes: one is a charged cloud and a point on the ground between the rapid discharge phenomenon, called ? The first is the rapid discharge of electricity between the charged cloud and a point on the ground, called a direct lightning strike. The second is a charged cloud due to electrostatic induction, so that a range of the ground with a heterogeneous charge. When direct lightning occurs, the cloud charged quickly disappear, and some range of the ground due to the high resistance of the scattering current, so that the local high voltage, or due to direct lightning discharge process, a strong impulse current on the surrounding wires or metal objects produced by electromagnetic induction of the high voltage phenomenon occurs so that the flash is called? Secondary lightning? Or called? Induction lightning? The third is? Spherical thunder.
Lightning Hazards
Overview
With millions of lightning flashes in nature every year, lightning hazards are a key part of the? United Nations International Decade for Disaster Reduction? one of the ten most serious natural disasters announced. The latest statistics show that the damage caused by lightning has risen to the third place of natural disasters. Global annual casualties and property losses due to lightning are countless. According to incomplete statistics, China's annual lightning strikes as well as the negative effects of lightning strikes caused by casualties amounted to 3,000 to 4,000 people, property losses in the 5 billion to 10 billion yuan.
The scope of lightning disasters involved in almost all walks of life. One of the negative effects of the rapid development of modern electronic technology is the reduction of its ability to resist lightning surges. Large-scale integrated circuits as the core components of the measurement, monitoring, protection, communications, computer networks and other advanced electronic devices are widely used in electric power, aviation, defense, communications, broadcasting, finance, transportation, petrochemicals, medical and other areas of modern life, large CMOS integrated components composed of these electronic devices generally exist on transient over-voltage, overcurrent tolerance ability is weak shortcomings, transient Transient overvoltage will not only cause electronic equipment to produce misuse, but also cause greater direct economic losses and a wide range of social impact.
Types of hazards
Direct lightning
The phenomenon of a violent discharge from a charged cloud to a point on the earth is called direct lightning. Its destructive power is very huge, if it can not quickly diarrhea into the earth, will lead to discharge channel objects, buildings, facilities, people and animals suffered serious damage or damage? Fire, building damage, destruction of electronic and electrical systems, and even endanger the lives of people and animals.
Lightning wave intrusion
Lightning is not directly discharged in the building and equipment itself, but on the cable laid outside the building discharge. Lightning waves or overvoltages on the cables spread along the cable routes at almost the speed of light, invading and endangering various systems such as indoor electronics and automation controls. Therefore, often before we hear the sound of thunder, our electronic equipment, control systems, etc. may have been damaged.
Induced overvoltage
Lightning strikes occur in the vicinity of equipment and facilities or lines, or lightning does not discharge directly to the ground, but only in the cloud to cloud discharge phenomenon. Lightning releases an electrical charge and generates an overvoltage inductively on power and data transmission lines and metal piping metal supports.
Lightning discharge in buildings with lightning facilities, lightning waves along the top of the building flashing device (lightning belt, lightning rod, lightning net or lightning rod), the process of lead wires leaked into the earth, will be in the lead wires around the formation of a strong transient magnetic field, the light is caused by the electronic equipment is disturbed, the loss of data, resulting in malfunctions or temporary paralysis; serious cases can cause components to break through and circuit boards The system will be paralyzed if the components are damaged and the circuit boards are burned.
System internal operation overvoltage
Because of the operation of the circuit breaker, heavy loads of electric power and inductive load input and removal, system short-circuit faults and other changes in the internal state of the system to make the system parameters change, caused by the internal electromagnetic energy conversion of the power system, resulting in the internal overvoltage, that is, the operation of the overvoltage.
Operating overvoltage amplitude is small, but the probability of occurrence is much greater than the lightning induction overvoltage. Experiments have proved that both the induction overvoltage or internal operation overvoltage, are transient overvoltage (or transient overvoltage), and ultimately to the way of the electrical surge endanger electronic equipment, including the destruction of printed circuits printed lines, components and insulation premature aging life shortening, damage to the database or make the software misuse, so that some of the control components out of control.
Ground potential backlash
If lightning strikes directly at a building or facility with lightning protection, the ground potential of the grounding grid can be raised by tens or hundreds of thousands of volts in a matter of microseconds. Highly destructive lightning current will flow from the grounded portion of the various devices to the power supply system or various network signaling systems, or penetrate the earth's insulation and flow to the power supply system of another facility or various network signaling systems, thus counteracting the destruction or damage to electronic equipment. At the same time, in the absence of equipotential connection of the conductor circuit, may induce high potential and the risk of spark discharge.