He was the first scientist and inventor and musician of international renown in American history. In order to explore the electricity once made the famous "kite experiment", in the electrical achievements, in order to explore the laws of electric motion, the creation of many special terms, such as positive electricity, negative electricity, electrical conductors, batteries, charging, discharging, etc. become the world's common vocabulary. He borrowed the mathematical concept of positive and negative, the first scientific concept of positive and negative electricity to represent the nature of electric charge. He also put forward the idea that electric charge cannot be created or eliminated, on the basis of which the later discovered the law of conservation of electric charge. He was the first to put forward the idea of lightning rods, and the resulting lightning rods were manufactured to avoid lightning disasters and dispel superstitions.
He was an excellent politician and a veteran of the American War of Independence. He participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, and actively advocated the abolition of slavery, which was highly respected by the American people. He was the first U.S. ambassador to a foreign country (France), so he also enjoys a high reputation in the world.
Early experience
January 17, 1706, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, North America. His father was an English lacquer maker who made candles and soap and had ten children, Franklin being the eighth. Franklin was enrolled in school at the age of eight, and although he excelled in his studies, his father's income could not cover the cost of his education because there were too many children in his family. So, he left school when he was ten and went home to help his father make candles. Franklin only attended school for those two years of his life. At the age of twelve, he was apprenticed to a small printing office run by his older brother James, and since then he worked as a printer for nearly ten years, but his studies never stopped, and he saved money from his food expenses to buy books. At the same time, taking advantage of his work, he befriended several bookstore apprentices, borrowing books from the bookstores secretly in the evenings, reading them all night, and returning them early the next morning. He read a wide range of books, from popular books on natural sciences and technology to the papers of famous scientists and the works of famous authors.
In 1736, Franklin was elected secretary of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, and in 1737, deputy postmaster of Philadelphia. Although the work became more and more heavy, but Franklin still insisted on studying every day. In order to further open the door to the treasure house of knowledge, he tirelessly studied foreign languages, and successively mastered French, Italian, Spanish and Latin. He widely accepted the advanced achievements of world science and culture. He laid a solid foundation for his own scientific research.
In July 1752, he did a kite experiment to attract thunder and lightning, which sensationalized the whole world. Once upon a time, people have always believed that lightning and thunder in the sky, which is nature in the display of God's power. The results of Franklin's experiment showed that it was a kind of discharge phenomenon of nature. Benjamin Franklin
Just as he continued to make new achievements in scientific research, the national liberation movement in the North American colonies was growing due to the brutal rule of the British colonizers. For the independence and liberation of the nation, he resolutely put down his experimental instruments and actively stood in the forefront of the struggle. From 1757 to 1775 he went to Britain several times as a representative of the North American colonies to negotiate. After the outbreak of the War of Independence, he participated in the Second Continental Congress and the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. 1776, already seventy years of age, Franklin traveled to France, and won the support of the people of France and Europe for the War of Independence of North America. 1787, he actively participated in the formulation of the U.S. Constitution, and organized the movement against the enslavement of blacks.
Franklin spent his last winter surrounded by loved ones. on April 17, 1790, at 11 o'clock at night, Franklin died swiftly. His grandsons, Tambor and Benjamin, were by his side at the time, and on April 21, the people of Philadelphia held a funeral service for him, with 20,000 people attending the funeral procession to mourn Franklin's death for a month. Benjamin B. Benjamin Franklin thus completed his life on the road of 84 degrees of spring and autumn, lying quietly in the church yard in the grave, his tombstone is only engraved: "printer Franklin".
Responders: Dizzy Bunny - Level 7 2009-12-3 17:23
I don't know which Franklin it is
Benjamin Franklin (Benjamin Franklin) (1706.1.17-1790.4.17) was an 18th-century American industrialist, scientist, social activist, and thinker. , scientist, social activist, thinker, literary figure, and diplomat. He was the first scientist and inventor of international reputation in American history. In order to explore the electricity once made the famous "kite experiment", in the electrical achievements, in order to explore the laws of electric motion, the creation of many special terms, such as positive electricity, negative electricity, electrical conductors, batteries, charging, discharging, etc. become the world's common vocabulary. He borrowed the mathematical concept of positive and negative, the first scientific concept of positive and negative electricity to represent the nature of electric charge. He also put forward the idea that electric charge cannot be created or eliminated, on the basis of which the later discovered the law of conservation of electric charge. He was the first to put forward the idea of the lightning rod, which was thus manufactured to avoid lightning disasters and to dispel superstitions. He was an excellent politician and a veteran of the American War of Independence. He participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, actively advocated the abolition of slavery, and was highly respected by the American people. He was the first French ambassador of the United States to a foreign country, so he also enjoyed a high reputation in the world.
[Edit]2.Biography
He came from a humble background, and at the age of 10, he dropped out of school and went home to work as a laborer, and from the age of 12, he worked as an apprentice and helper in the printing house. But he studied hard, in addition to mastering printing technology, but also widely read literature, history, philosophy, self-taught mathematics and four foreign languages, practicing writing. He often went to the library of the printing house to read all kinds of books after finishing his day's work. Sometimes he was so engrossed that he did not return home until nightfall, when his anxious mother came to the factory looking for him. All of this laid a solid foundation for him to achieve many things in his life. In order to stand on his own feet in the society at that time, he went through a lot of difficulties and set up his own business, the printing house. Because of hard work, credibility, attention to business management, he not only in the printing industry in the fierce competition stood, and to expand the business to neighboring states and the West Indies, North America has become a leader in the printing and publishing industry. He paid attention to the observation of natural phenomena, the study of scientific problems. He started from practice, engaged in scientific experiments and observations, in electricity to answer the question of "what is electricity", the different states of electricity known as "positive electricity" and "negative electricity", put forward Electricity in the "first-class theory", in the atmospheric electricity reveals the nature of the lightning phenomenon, known as "the second Prometheus". These epoch-making research results in electricity made him a world-famous first-class scientist. He also has research in optics, thermology, acoustics, mathematics, oceanography, botany and other aspects of the new stove, lightning rods, electric wheels, three-wheeled clock, bifocal glasses, automatic barbecue machine, glass musical instruments, elevated bookshelves, new street lamps and a series of inventions. As a result, with only two years of elementary school education, he was Harvard University and Yale University in the United States, Oxford University in the United Kingdom, Edinburgh University, St. Andrew's University and other six or seven universities awarded a master's degree or doctoral degree. After Franklin became famous, he did a lot of work in the North American colonies in terms of cultural dissemination and social welfare. He successively organized the establishment of the "*** Readers", "American Philosophical Society", "North American Association for the Advancement of Science", newspapers, libraries, bookstores, hospitals, universities, fire department, local Militia organizations and other academic, cultural, health care, fire and police organizations and institutions; he also reformed the postal system in the North American colonies, the establishment of a unified postal system in the North American colonies. He was an outstanding social activist and became an influential figure in the North American colonies. He was not only good at solving specialized problems in natural sciences and practical problems in social and political activities, but also often explored many philosophical and social problems. He was a natural theist who believed that the spirit was dependent on matter; he believed that the cause of social poverty was that the laborers had to support the parasites; he loved freedom and peace, opposed war, hated racial discrimination and slavery, and advocated the protection of the interests of the blacks and Indians. He was one of the most knowledgeable bourgeois liberal thinkers of his time． Franklin lived in the era of the United States from the colonies to the independent bourgeois state of the major turning period, he actively engaged in the revolutionary movement, the victory of the War of Independence and the early construction of the American national system made a significant contribution. At the Albany Conference of 1754, which was attended by the leading figures of the North American colonies, he put forward the plan of the famous "Albany Union", which was adopted by the conference, and he became the first person to instill the idea of the great union of the United States of America into the minds of the colonial people. In Pennsylvania, he always worked with the colonial people to fight against the lawlessness of the owners' group. 1757, on behalf of the state legislature, he went to London to petition the British king to ask the owners to pay taxes, which was successful; 1764, he went to London for the second time to ask the king to protect the interests of the colony, but to no avail. Subsequently, the British government strengthened the suppression of the North American colonies, which inspired the colonists to resist more strongly. Franklin's position completely changed to the revolutionary side. Pennsylvania was originally a proprietor's colony, a land granted to William Bean by King Charles II in 1681． Later, two of William Bing's sons inherited the property. The proprietor enjoyed the privilege of appointing officials, including the governor, vetoing parliamentary bills, and being exempted from paying taxes in his colony. In May 1775, he returned to America and immediately engaged in the revolutionary struggle. He served as chairman of the Pennsylvania State Committee of the Peace, presided over the local military committee, and drafted the state constitution with Penn***; he attended the Second Continental Congress as a delegate from Pennsylvania, and became one of the drafters of the Declaration of Independence of the United States; he served as the U.S. Secretary of the Postal Service, and organized postal service during the war, with remarkable achievements; in the U.S. Army's repeated setbacks in the war, he as a member of the Committee of Three, with the Washington Conference, decided to implement a general mobilization of the 13 states, making it possible to implement the North American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Committee of Three who met with Washington and decided to mobilize the 13 states of North America, which made the War of Independence last for 6 years. Under the situation that Britain was strong and America was weak, the colonists had to fight for foreign aid. Franklin was ordered by the Continental Congress to go to France to fight for an alliance between the U.S. and France to fight against Britain. In the complex and unfavorable to the United States in the diplomatic environment at that time, he with the United States will win the faith, perseverance and patience, clever and flexible diplomacy, the use of conflicts between the European countries, seize the favorable opportunity to conclude the American-French alliance, and strive for a large number of manpower, material and financial foreign aid, to ensure that the War of Independence was won. In the latter part of the war, he participated in and once presided over the U.S.-British peace negotiations, signed the Anglo-American peace treaty in favor of the U.S., and triumphantly accomplished the arduous mission of wartime diplomacy. After the war, he became the first Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to France and stayed in France until his return in 1785. After returning home, he was elected governor of Pennsylvania for four consecutive years. In the U.S. Constitutional Convention, he was a member of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution, and he proposed a bicameral Congress in order to reconcile the differences of opinion of the delegates to the Convention, which became one of the basic national systems of the United States. After 1788, he no longer held public office, but still published political articles for the government to choose, and committed to promote the abolition of slavery activities. On April 17, 1790, Franklin died. On the day of his funeral, as many as 20,000 people mourned him, fully expressing the American people's grief for him. At the same time, not only the U.S. Congress decided to mourn him for a month, the French National Assembly also resolved to mourn him, showing that he not only belongs to the United States, but also belongs to the world!
John Franklin (1787~1847). A legendary figure in British history. He was born in 1787, at the age of 14 years old, put pen to paper, John Franklin began the most difficult naval career in his life. 1843, the Royal Navy Ministry in order to realize the opening of the North Road to link the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, shorten the voyage between Britain and India, ready to send people to continue to explore the Northwest Passage. So Franklin, who had been governor of Tasmania, Australia, for six years, was called home. After less than two years of preparation, an expedition of 138 men was formed, equipped with advanced ice-breaking equipment and enormous steam power on the masted ships "Erebus" and "Troll". On May 26, 1845, Franklin, then 58 years old, commanded this expedition of the Royal Navy's best and brightest and sailed out of the mouth of the Thames River via the west coast of Greenland, soon arriving at Bering Island. on July 26, the fleet encountered a British whaler in the waters of Baffin Bay. According to the traditional custom of the international maritime community, Franklin will be the expedition's logbook to the whaler's captain and presented by him on behalf of the Royal Navy. The fleet mysteriously disappeared. To 1848, that is, Franklin left England more than two years later, the Royal Navy has not been able to get a little about the exact news of the expedition, decided to send rescuers by sea and land search and rescue. But it was not until 1858 that the truth about the Franklin Expedition was revealed. It turned out that the Franklin Expedition reached Baffin Bay at the end of July 1845, and because the sea ice blocked the way, they set up camp on a small island southwest of Devon Island for the winter. The following summer, the expedition's two ships sailed down Peel Channel to King William Island, trapped by ice floes and unable to move, when it was discovered that some of the canned food began to deteriorate, which greatly disturbed them. on June 11, 1847, Sir Franklin sadly passed away. after August, the ships were still frozen by the ice, and the people had to spend the second winter on the ice, where, due to the lack of food and the emergence of scurvy, people began to People began to die. In order to survive, as soon as spring arrived, 105 of them (out of the original 138) embarked on a desperate breakout in a dinghy loaded with food. Arriving at Cape Felix, they felt so hopeless that they packed their papers in canning boxes. Thus went tragically the illustrious Franklin and the exploring expedition he led. According to an on-site survey, between Cape Félix and the mouth of the Big Fish River, there were many discarded items along the way, bodies abounded, and no one was spared. The mystery of what happened to that 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin in search of the Northwest Passage took a full 14 years for people to finally solve.
Franklin, a 59-year-old major general in the British Army and an experienced Arctic explorer, set sail in May 1845 with two ships and 120 men. His ships, the ---- Erebus and Troll, were equipped with new steam engines and propellers, and were loaded with supplies to last for three years.
Franklin's ships were seen in Baffin Bay two months later, but have not been heard from since. Forty expeditions, including one led by Sir John Ross, set out to find them in the years following their disappearance. But the mystery was not solved until 1859.
A naval expedition led by Leopold McClintock found several skeletons and parts of a navigational journal after traveling deep into the Arctic Circle to Cape Felix on King William Island. It turned out that two of Franklin's ships had gotten stuck in the ice in September 1845. Unable to get out the following summer, they had to survive another winter on board. Franklin died in June of 1847.
In the end, the remaining members of the expedition returned overland, carrying their supplies on their backs. It was a fatal decision. Cold, disease and starvation assailed them. A trail of corpses and relics stretching thousands of meters across the frozen wilderness is finally discovered.
Despite this tragic ending, Franklin's expedition and later rescue missions provided a valuable wealth of information about the region, and in 1906, Roald Amundsen finally crossed the Northwest Passage. Franklin is also credited with the discovery of the Northwest Passage.
Right: The British government offered a large reward for anyone who could rescue Franklin, or find his ship.
It is thought that one of the causes of death for the men Franklin led, and possibly for Franklin himself, was food poisoning. The provisions for the voyage included large quantities of canned beef. One theory is that this canned goods were substandard and the beef spoiled.
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Responders: Fengchen Blushing Kyun - Grade 4 2009-12-3 17:26 < /p>
Go to American Literature and it's there. benjamin Franklin
Invented the lightning rod. Participated in drawing up the US Declaration of Independence. Pretty much a jack of all trades except he couldn't write poetry. Politician, man of letters, inventor, and more.
Go to Wikipedia (Wikipedia) for more comprehensive details.
Respondent: Lanfei Gong - Level 5 2009-12-3 17:27
American physicist, inventor, politician, and social activist.Born January 17, 1706, in Boston; died April 17, 1790, in Philadelphia. His parents were English immigrants who made candles and soap. He was apprenticed to a printer at the age of 12, and from that time was long absent from printing; in 1727 Franklin organized a society which was the forerunner of the Philosophical Society of America, founded in 1743, and in 1731 he founded in Philadelphia the first public **** library in North America; he was postmaster of Philadelphia from 1737 to 1753. In about 1744 he began to engage in the study of electricity, and in 1751 founded the College of Philadelphia (later the University of Pennsylvania). 1753, he was awarded the Copley Medal. In 1753, he was awarded the Copley Medal, and in the same year he received honorary degrees from Harvard University and Yale University.
He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1756 and president of the Philosophical Society of America in 1769, and in 1772 he was elected a foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences.
He was one of the founders of the United States of America. He took an active part in the struggle against the British in the American War of Independence. He was elected a delegate to the Second Continental Congress and participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. 1776 to 1785 he traveled to France and contributed to the establishment of the American-French Alliance. 1787 he was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and participated in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution. He actively advocated the abolition of slavery.
Franklin was the first American scientist to enjoy an international reputation in the field of pure science and was a pioneer in the study of electricity in the United States. The results of his research into electricity unified the confusing knowledge of electricity at the time. His most significant contribution was a more systematic exposition of the theories that describe various electrical phenomena (such as the generation of electric charge, charge transfer, electrostatic induction, etc.). Initially, he was keen on inventing and designing small devices, which gave him a solid foundation for his later experimental research in electricity. 1745 onwards he conducted various bold new electrical experiments in less than 10 years, using some simple tools and instruments. Through the experiments, Franklin first put forward an important hypothesis in the history of electricity: the theory of the single fluid of electricity. Franklin for the first time with the mathematical concept of positive and negative to represent the nature of the two charges; also discovered the tip discharge phenomenon. More importantly, Franklin proposed the theory of transfer of electricity. Later, this theory was developed into the law of conservation of charge, which is one of the most fundamental laws of nature. 1747, Franklin conducted a study on the Leyden jar, which clarified the principle of capacitor. Between 1749 and 1751, Franklin carefully observed and studied the formation of thunder, lightning, and clouds, and came up with the conjecture that lightning in clouds was of the same nature as the electricity produced by friction in Franklin's kite experiment.In 1750, a proposal was made for a lightning rod. This proposal was first applied in 1852 at the University of Marly in France, and in 1752 he carried out a world-shaking electric kite experiment in Philadelphia, which proved his conception of "the identity of lightning and static electricity". Franklin also studied the mutual attraction and repulsion between charged bodies; the distribution of charge in irregularly charged conductors; the phenomenon of induced electricity and so on. Franklin coined many specialized terms for electricity. Franklin studied and observed natural phenomena quite extensively. He also elaborated the theory of heat conduction; studied the use of evaporation to obtain low temperatures; modern ventilation methods; a variety of plant transplants; the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases; the Gulf of Mexico flow velocity and temperature measurements and the direction of the movement of the storms in North America, and so on. Some of Franklin's famous inventions include the rocking chair, bifocal eyeglasses, the Pennsylvania stove, the elevated bookshelf, and many others.
Franklin was a philosophical proponent of natural theism, recognizing the existence of nature and its objectivity. He was also the first to consciously use labor time to determine the value of production. Franklin predicted that the population of the United States would increase geometrically, doubling on average every 25 years. This prediction was confirmed by the U.S. government's census in the last century. Franklin's electrical writings and papers include Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Opinions and Speculations on the Nature and Effects of Conducting Substances, Experiments and Observations on Electricity in Philadelphia, On the Identity of Lightning and Static Electricity, and others.
Respondent: zy308720918 - Level 2 2009-12-3 17:28
Franklin (Benjamin Franlin, 1706 ~ 1790) American scientist, physicist, inventor, politician, social activist. born on January 27, 1706 in Boston, a working family. His father was an English immigrant who worked as a soap and candle maker. Because of the family's poverty, from the age of 8 years old only two years of schooling and then dropped out to become an apprentice, from the age of 12 years old to his elder brother's printing house as an apprentice, and then long engaged in printing work. He studied hard on his own, he said, "Reading is my only entertainment." He used to borrow books from other people or bookstores, using late nights to read and returning them early in the morning. He once submitted an article under the pen name Richard Saunders, which the editor of a newspaper thought was "in the hand of a famous writer". He not only from the books to learn all kinds of knowledge, but also moved to New York, London, Philadelphia and other places to wander, in the social life of learning. 21 years old, he founded in Philadelphia, North America's first young people's self-education group, "* * * Read Society", organizing workers, craftsmen, cobblers, tilers, poets, etc. every week, Friday, to discuss the philosophical, scientific, technical, Literary and artistic issues. This group later developed into the American Philosophical Society, founded in 1743, of which he was elected president in 1769, and at the age of 25, he founded the first public **** library in North America in Philadelphia, which later developed into the North American Public **** Library, and at the age of 45, he founded the College of Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania.
Responders: ∵ kids ∴ - 1st class 2009-12-3 18:10
Franklin (Benjamin Franlin, 1706-1790) was an American scientist, physicist, inventor, politician, and social activist.He was born on January 27, 1706, in Boston to a family of laborers. His father was an English immigrant who worked as a soap and candle maker. Because of the family's poverty, from the age of 8 years old only two years of schooling and then dropped out to become an apprentice, from the age of 12 years old to his elder brother's printing house as an apprentice, and then long engaged in printing work. He studied hard on his own, he said, "Reading is my only entertainment." He used to borrow books from other people or bookstores, using late nights to read and returning them early in the morning. He once submitted an article under the pen name Richard Saunders, which the editor of a newspaper thought was "in the hand of a famous writer". He not only from the books to learn all kinds of knowledge, but also moved to New York, London, Philadelphia and other places to wander, in the social life of learning. 21 years old, he founded in Philadelphia, North America's first young people's self-education group, "* * * Read Society", organizing workers, craftsmen, cobblers, tilers, poets, etc. every week, Friday, to discuss philosophical, scientific and technological issues, Literary and artistic issues. This group later developed into the American Philosophical Society, founded in 1743, of which he was elected president in 1769, and at the age of 25 he founded the first public **** library in North America in Philadelphia, which later developed into the North American Public **** Library. at the age of 45 he founded the College of Philadelphia (later the University of Pennsylvania).
As a statesman, there are many important events in American and world history associated with Franklin. He played a major role in the North American War of Independence, was one of the founders of the United States, and participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. 1776 to 1785 he went on a mission to France, and his scientific reputation and extensive knowledge were very conducive to his diplomatic mission, and with his efforts, the Franco-American alliance was concluded in 1778. 1787 was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention as the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Speaker of Pennsylvania. He was actively opposed to the oppression and enslavement of the negroes, and was a vigorous advocate of the abolition of negro slavery.
During his life, he received many honors, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1753, and honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale in the same year. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1756, a Foreign Member of the Academy of Sciences of France in 1772, and a Foreign Member of the Academy of Sciences of Petersburg in 1789.
His chief scientific work was in electricity. It occupied only about ten years of his life, and when Franklin saw in Philadelphia and Boston between 1743 and 1744 the simple electrical experiments made by A. Spence of Scotland, using glass tubes and Leyden jars, he felt a strong desire to explore the subject. He bought the entire exhibit, and a friend he had made at the Royal Society in London, Peter Cdlinson, learned of it, and sent him a large number of books, works on electricity, and certain apparatus for the production of electricity by friction. Franklin and his friends at the Philadelphia Philosophical Society conducted many electrical experiments and theoretical explorations together.
Franklin made many important contributions to electricity Through his experiments, he made a more systematic cleanup of much of the confusing knowledge of electricity at the time (e.g., generation, transfer, induction, storage, charging and discharging of electricity, etc.). He had coupled multiple Leyton bottles to store more charge. He proved experimentally that the metal foils inside and outside the Leyden jar carried equal amounts of charge and were electrically opposite. in a letter to Collinson on May 25, 1747, he proposed the theory of a single fluid mass of electricity and used the mathematical positive and negative to denote the excess or lack of such a fluid mass. He also argued that frictional initiation merely transfers rather than creates charge, and that the positive and negative of the resulting charge must be strictly equal - an idea that was later developed into one of the fundamental laws in electricity, the Law of Conservation of Charge. He used this theory to illustrate the principle of capacitors with dielectrics.
Franklin's second major contribution was the unification of heavenly and earthly electricity, which completely dispelled people's fear of thunder and lightning. 1749, his wife, Lydia, was watching the Leyden jar tandem experiments, unintentionally touched the metal rod on the Leyden jar, and was struck to the ground by the electric spark, and was bed-ridden for a week, which strengthened his determination to explore the essence of thunder and lightning. On the one hand, he enumerated 12 similarities between electrostatic sparks and lightning sparks, and on the other hand, he gave experimental proofs through the post experiment and the kite experiment (June 1752). One of his letters through Collinson read at the Royal Society, the beginning of the ridicule, skepticism, and later his collection of essays, "Experiments and Studies in Electricity" was published, especially the kite experiments report sensational Europe, so that people see that electricity is a vast prospect of science, lightning rods have also become an important technical achievements of mankind to break the superstition of the conquest of nature, and to promote the development of electricity, electro-technology.
Franklin had a wide interest in nature. He studied the heat conduction of objects (especially metals), the propagation of sound in water, the use of evaporation to obtain low temperature; he also studied the transplantation of plants, the prevention and control of infectious diseases; in the Atlantic Ocean, he observed the Gulf Stream warm current on the impact of climate, measured the flow rate of seawater and temperature, and so on.
As an inventor, he invented the elevated book fetcher, bifocal glasses for the elderly, and the three-wheel clock.
He died in Philadelphia on April 17, 1790, and the epitaph he wrote for his grave called him simply "Franklin the Printer," with no mention of the important work he did for the rest of his life. But the French economist Ann-Robert Jacques Turaot wrote in his honor: "From the heavens he took thunder and lightning, and from tyrants he took civil rights.
Franklin Roosevelt (Franklin Roosevelt) was born on January 30, 1882, in New York City, U.S.A. He attended Harvard University from 1900 to 1904, and then transferred to Columbia Law School in 1905, where he dropped out of the New York bar exam. In 1910, he became a senator of New York City, and was reelected in 1912; in 1913, he became undersecretary of the Navy; in August 1921, he suffered from polio during his leave of absence, and remained an active member of the Democratic Party, with his wife attending meetings on his behalf.
Roosevelt endeavored to promote unity between the urban and rural wings of the Democratic Party. he ran unsuccessfully for president in 1920 as James Cox's running mate. Worked as a lawyer in New York from 1920 to 1928. He became mayor of New York in 1928 and was reelected in 1930 after his tax cuts for farmers won him a second term. He ran for president in 1932, proposing the New Deal, and won by an overwhelming majority of the vote.
When Roosevelt was inaugurated in 1933, most U.S. banks were failing, the level of industrial production was 56 percent lower than it was in 1929, and the number of unemployed was 13 million, with farmers in extreme poverty. In his inaugural address, Roosevelt expressed his determination to revitalize the nation's economy. As a result, people with different political views became his allies and his New Deal was successfully implemented. Roosevelt made his government geographically and politically balanced, with liberal and conservative Democrats, three *** and party members, and a woman minister. His legislative program was directed at a wide range of constituents, sought to help the major interest groups in the U.S. economy, and enlisted the support of **** and party members. Its specific measures included the establishment of the General Agricultural Adjustment Administration to raise the price of agricultural products and restore agricultural prosperity; loans to large and medium-sized businesses to stimulate commerce; and the creation of specialized agencies to provide relief and employment opportunities for unemployed workers.When he ran for president in 1936, Roosevelt had the support of the farmers, workers, and the lower classes in general. During his second term in office, despite minor setbacks, many of the reforms in his New Deal remained popular with most people.