Analysis of National Computer Level 2 Office Exam Points 2017
A computer is an electronic device that can perform a large number of arithmetic and logical operations automatically, at high speed. Here is my analysis of the computer level 2 office test points, welcome to your reference!
Computer Level 2 MSoffice Exam Knowledge Points
Characteristics of computers: high degree of automation, high speed arithmetic operations, storage and memory capacity, logical judgment, high computational accuracy and high reliability.
The first electronic digital integral computer, ENIAC, was born in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States
The core of Von Neumann's ideas:
The first computer with the function of storing the program, EDVAC, consists of a memory, operators, controllers, input devices, and output devices (the computer hardware system).
Use of the binary form to represent data and instructions
Use of the binary form to represent data and instructions. The use of binary form of data and instructions
The use of stored programs and program control form of operation (computer fundamentals)
The computer has gone through different stages from simple to complex, from low level to high level, toward the giant, miniaturized, intelligent, networked, and multi-module development direction. The development of computers is divided into five stages according to the electronic devices used. The first generation of tubes machine language (direct execution), assembly language (have to go through the assembly program) military, scientific computing The second generation of transistors high-level language (compiled) transaction management, data processing, industrial control The third generation of small and medium-sized integrated circuits operating systems word processing, business management, automatic control, etc. The fourth generation of large-scale integrated circuits, such as database networks and other areas of society
The computer's main Technical indicators: word length (word length is strong), clock frequency (main frequency standard unit Hz high is strong), computing speed, memory and hard disk capacity, etc.
Computer applications
(1) scientific computing: the launch of synchronous communication satellites, the calculation of satellite orbits, high-energy physics, engineering design, weather forecasts
(2) information processing: business management, material management, population statistics, airline ticket ordering, industrial control. management, demographics, airline ticket ordering, medical diagnostics, reporting statistics, postal operations
(3) Office automation
(4) Production automation: real-time control, auxiliary engineering (CADCAE, etc.
(5) Artificial Intelligence
(6) Applications in human life
The three main traditional applications of computers are scientific computation
Usually referred to as 32-bit machine means that the computer's CPU is capable of simultaneously processing 32-bit binary data
Classification of computers:
The size of the computer is divided into giant computers, (the largest, fastest computing, the most powerful, the most expensive) small giant computers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, workstations, Microcomputer
The use of computers is divided into general-purpose computers (scientific computing, data processing process control), special-purpose computers (intelligent instrumentation, production process control, automatic control of military equipment)
Composition of the computer system
A complete computer system consists of a hardware system and a software system, computer hardware refers to the system can be accessed in the entities, and software refers to the various programs and documents that run on the hardware devices.
If a computer is not configured with any software, it will not function. A computer with only hardware and no software is called a barebones computer. The relationship between hardware and software is to cooperate with each other, *** with the completion of its work
The operating system is the core of the system software
Input devices: keyboards, mice, light pens, scanners, digitizers, microphones
Output devices: monitors, printers, speakers, plotters
The computer's internal representation of the information and the storage of the binary form of the most The main reason is to be compatible with the logic circuit hardware Functions of the operating system:
1. process management, that is, processor management, in the multi-user multi-tasking environment, is mainly responsible for the management of the CPU for the allocation of resources
system, effectively organizing the role of multiple simultaneous operation.
2. memory management, management of memory resources for the operation of the program to allocate memory space
3. file management, effective support for file storage retrieval and modification of the operation, to solve the file *** enjoy confidentiality and protection
4. device management, responsible for the allocation of the external device to start and troubleshooting, so that the user can conveniently use the external device
5. job management, the main responsibility for the allocation of resources to the CPU, to effectively organize multiple roles running at the same time. p> 5. job management, to provide a good environment for using the system, so that users can effectively organize their own workflow
A computer can recognize many instructions, one instruction specifies that the computer performs a basic operation. The instruction system depends on the computer
The instruction system is different for different types of computers, so the basic operations that can be performed are also different. The instruction system is the smallest unit of control over the computer, and is a specific and centralized representation of the basic functions of the computer.
In a computer, all information access processing and transmission is done in binary form.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the core component of the microcomputer hardware system, which runs at a frequency that determines the processor performance of the core indicators. The main frequency unit is GHz (1MHz=1000Hz, 1GHz=1000MHz), and the working main frequency is obtained by multiplying the external frequency by the multiplication factor. The main parameters of performance include the number of cores, the operating frequency, the cache, the interface (pin and contact), the operating voltage, and the manufacturing process.
RAM (randomized memory) can read and write, the information is lost after a power failure
ROM (read-only memory) read only, not write, in which the information is permanently written, not affected by power failures
External memory relative to memory, access speed is slow, storage capacity, low price, information is not lost due to power failures. Information in external memory can only be accessed by the CPU if it is transferred to memory.
According to the principle of operation, the mouse can be divided into mechanical and photoelectric
Printers are divided into percussive (pin printers) and non-percussive (inkjet printers, laser printers). Microcomputer IBMPC/XT using the CPU chip is produced by Intel Corporation.
Multimedia from multimedia, is the carrier of information representation and dissemination, in the computer has two meanings: 1. refers to the entity used to store information such as disks, tapes, optical disks and semiconductor memories 2. refers to the carrier of information such as digital, text, images, and graphics. Multimedia technology refers to the text, audio, video, graphics, images, animation and other multimedia information through the computer for digital acquisition, acquisition, compression and decompression and editing, storage and other processing, and then in a separate or synthesized form of expression of the integration of technology. Multimedia features: interactivity, integration, diversity, real-time.
The process of digitizing sound is sampling, quantization, and coding
Representation and storage of data in computers
The computer uses binary, which is characterized by the fact that the operator circuits are physically easy to implement, and the calculations are convenient, reliable, and logically easy to compute. Data storage: data, the set of all symbols that can be accepted and processed by the computer; information, the content of meaningful data. Computer data and information commonly used units are bit, byte, word length.
Bit bit The smallest unit of data in a computer, a digit in binary.
byte byte the most basic unit of storage, the smallest unit of information.
1 byte=8 bit B Binary D Decimal H Hexadecimal O Octal
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) represents 128 different characters
Each ASCII code occupies one byte and consists of eight binary. a 65 < a 97
Chinese Character Code The Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange. Character set - basic set" National standard set in 1980, code GB2312-80. one Chinese character occupies two bytes, one character occupies one byte.
Calculation formula: the space used by N.N dot matrix of Chinese characters = (N*N)/8B
The in-computer code of Chinese characters is the code for the storage, processing and transmission of Chinese characters within the computer system, also known as the internal code of Chinese characters or Chinese character internal code. Different systems may use different kanji internal codes. At present, the most widely used two-byte internal code is the deformed GB code.
The row number is the area code, and the column number is the bit number. GB code = area code + 2020H in-computer code = GB code + 8080H
Example: "big" word area code 2083 20 for the area code, 83 for the bit number, the area code 2083 to H to 1453H,
(1453H + 2020H = 3473H GB code)
Computer information security
Characteristics of information:
1. Authenticity, the source of the information to judge, can be forged sources of information to be identified.
2. Confidentiality, to ensure that confidential information is not overheard
3. Integrity, to ensure the consistency of the data, to prevent the data from being tampered with by illegal users.
4. availability, which ensures that legitimate users are not improperly denied access to information and resources.2017 Computer Level 2 MSoffice Exam Knowledge Points.
5. non-repudiation, the establishment of effective accountability mechanisms to prevent users from denying their behavior.
6. controllability, the ability to control the dissemination of information and content
7. reviewability, the emergence of network security issues to provide the basis and means of investigation.
A virus is a man-made, specially designed program that infects other programs by modifying them to insert or make copies of itself.
Viruses are generally composed of three parts:
① Infection part, an important part of the virus, the main implementation of the virus infection.
② manifestation part and destruction part, the destruction of the infected system, and show some special conditions. ③ inspired part, to determine whether the current conditions to meet the virus attack.
Characteristics of viruses:
1) Hidden, the virus program is hidden at times, so it is difficult for people to notice and discover its existence.
2) latency, the virus is attached to other information media, the period of maturity will get the opportunity to run, the length of the incubation period varies
3) contagion, the virus will be replicated and mutated, there is a strong regenerative capacity.
4) Excitability, the virus infects some objects, not immediately after the attack, but after meeting certain conditions and then broke out.
5) Destructive, the virus has different degrees of harm to the system
6) Mutagenic, a virus can automatically change its own form in the process of spreading, so as to derive another different
original virus. A new virus.
Prevention and treatment of viruses:
First, pay attention to the system files, important executable files and data write protection
Second, often run Windoes Update, install the operating system patches
Third, the installation of real-time monitoring of the antivirus software, the regular upgrading of the antivirus software and the update of the virus database.
iv. Regularly back up important files
v. Do not use programs or data from unknown sources.
vi. Integrate various antivirus technologies.
A microcomputer bus generally consists of a data line, an address bus, and a control bus.
In a microcomputer, L/O device means input/output device.
A collection of instructions in a certain order that enables a computer to perform a certain task is called a program.
Windows 7
Windows 7's window is an interface
Some of Windows 7's menu options have flags on the right side of them, meaning that the system will give a dialog box when these menu options are selected.
Starting Windows 7 means that the core programs of the Windows system are fed into memory from external storage and these programs are run.
The Windows 7 filename narrative allows for Chinese characters, multiple origin separators, spaces, but not vertical lines Windows 7 provides two groups of programs that manage system resources, which are Computer and Windows Explorer.
Comparing Windows 7 windows and dialog boxes, windows can be moved and resized, while dialog boxes can only be moved and not resized.
In Windows 7, it is the Control Panel that is used to set the system environment.
In Windows 7, the status bar can change both position and size
The computer in Windows 7 is a system folder
The way to move a window in Windows is to point the mouse pointer over the title bar and drag the mouse.
The clipboard in Windows 7 is an area of memory.
The Windows 7 taskbar shows active windows and inactive icons.
In Windows Explorer, its left window shows the system's folder tree
Windows 7's Recycle Bin can temporarily or permanently store deleted information on the hard disk, and information placed in the Recycle Bin can be recovered. The space occupied by the Recycle Bin is adjustable, but it cannot hold information deleted on floppy disks. Only files or folders deleted from the hard disk can be stored in the Recycle Bin.
In Windows 7, if you make multiple consecutive cuts in a document, when the document is closed, the clipboard holds the last cut.
In Computer window, if you have selected a file or folder on your hard disk, and you press the DEL key and click the OK button, the file or folder will be deleted and placed in the Recycle Bin.
In Windows 7, if you have selected a file, you can copy it to the same folder by dragging it with the right mouse button, or by executing the Copy command in the Edit menu, executing the Paste command, or by pressing and holding the Ctl key, and then dragging the file to the same folder with the right mouse button. But using the left mouse button to drag the file to the same folder can not be done.
In Windows 7, when the menu is expanded, press Alt or Esc on the keyboard to remove the menu.
Multiple applications and multiple document windows can be opened in Windows 7.
The Documents menu under the Windows 7 Start menu holds the most recently opened documents.
Deleting an icon for an application on the Windows 7 desktop means that only the icon is deleted; the corresponding application remains.
To open the Windows Explorer window, right-click the Start button, left-click Explorer under Programs in the Start menu, and right-click the Computer icon
In Windows 7, if the system does not respond to the user for a long period of time, in order to start the Task Manager, you should use the key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del
In Windows 7, if the system is not responding to a user request for a long period of time, you should use the key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del. Del
When a user has multiple windows open, only one window is active, and that window is called active/current. In Windows 7, in order to automatically execute a program after a successful system startup, the program file should be added to the Startup folder.
In Windows 7, to save the contents of the current screen to the clipboard, you can press the PrintScreen key.
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