The voltage regulator has large tens to thousands of watts of AC voltage regulator, is to supply large-scale experiments and industrial, medical equipment work power. There are also small AC voltage stabilizers of a few watts to a few kilowatts, which are to provide high-quality power for small laboratories or household appliances.
Based on the different nature of the output of the regulator, the regulator is generally divided into AC voltage regulator (AC voltage regulator) and DC voltage regulator (DC voltage regulator) two categories. The following focuses on DC regulated power supply, referred to as voltage stabilized power supply.
Based on the operating state of the regulator, the voltage regulator is often divided into two categories: linear voltage regulator and switching voltage regulator. In addition, there is a small power supply that uses a voltage regulator.
Switching regulators
Switching regulators use an output stage that repeatedly switches between the "on" and "off" states to produce an output voltage in conjunction with energy storage components (capacitors and inductors). It is tuned by adjusting the switching timing based on feedback samples of the output voltage. In fixed-frequency regulators, the switching timing is adjusted by adjusting the pulse width of the switching voltage, which is called PWM control. In a gated oscillator or pulse mode regulator, the width and frequency of the switching pulses are kept constant, but the output switching "on" or "off" is controlled by feedback.
Depending on the arrangement of the switches and energy storage components, the resulting output voltage may be greater or less than the input voltage, and more than one output voltage may be generated with a single regulator. In most cases, pulsed (buck) switching regulators are more efficient than linear regulators for converting power supplies with the same input and output voltage requirements. Compensated --- High precision AC compensated voltage regulator (single phase 0.5kVA and above, three phase 1.5kVA and above) has a compensating transformer with 110V output.
Parametric Voltage Regulators
LDO is a linear voltage regulator. A linear regulator uses a transistor or FET operating in its linear region to produce a regulated output voltage by subtracting the excess voltage from the applied input voltage. The so-called dropout voltage is the minimum value of the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage required for the regulator to maintain the output voltage within 100mV above or below its rated value. Positive output LDO (low dropout) regulators typically use a power transistor (also known as a pass-through device) as the PNP. this transistor is allowed to saturate, so the regulator can have a very low dropout voltage, typically around 200mV; in comparison to the dropout of a conventional linear regulator using an NPN composite power transistor, which is around 2V. A negative-output LDO uses an NPN as its pass-through device and operates similarly to a positive-output LDO's PNP device.
Newer developments use CMOS power transistors, which provide the lowest dropout voltage. With CMOS, the only voltage drop through the regulator is due to the ON resistance of the power device load current. If the load is small, this approach produces a voltage drop of only a few tens of millivolts .
Voltage regulator for laser cutting machine
According to the use of high-power laser cutting machine requirements, and then combined with the status quo of China's power supply, should be strictly formulated in line with the use of laser cutting machine voltage regulator, developed specifically for the stabilization of the AC voltage of energy-saving products. When the power distribution network supply voltage fluctuations or load changes, can automatically ensure the stability of the output voltage. Must have a large capacity, high efficiency, wide range of voltage stabilization, no additional waveform distortion and phase shift, fast strain time, smooth and so on. With short circuit, mechanical failure and other perfect alarm protection function, while the volume should be as compact and small as possible, easy to use.
Differentiation of the introduction
Electricity is able to produce a magnetic field, the magnetic field is also able to convert into electricity. Putting a coil through an alternating current produces an alternating magnetic field, and then this alternating magnetic field is passed through another coil, and a voltage is induced on the other coil, which is the principle of a transformer.
Voltage regulator is the use of negative feedback principle, there is a regulator can detect the output voltage change circuit (error amplifier inverted input voltage divider resistor sampling circuit, this circuit can be reduced to only an integrated chip), when the output voltage changes, the output voltage changes detected by the chip to provide feedback to the self-service motor, and then by the servo motor to drive the rotary arm to adjust the position of the brushes, so as to adjust the position of the brushes, and then the servo motor to drive the rotary arm to adjust the position of the brushes. Adjust the position of the brushes, so as to stabilize the output voltage, which is the simplest regulator.
In summary, the transformer is no voltage stabilization, but the use of negative feedback technology can be designed with voltage stabilization of the transformer, which is no problem, but the general transformer is not so. Transformer in a certain range of use of the output voltage change is not big, and what we call voltage stabilization is not a concept.
All voltage regulators utilize the same technique to achieve output voltage stabilization. The output voltage is sampled through a divider resistor connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier, whose in-phase input is connected to a reference voltage. The error amplifier always tries to force its two inputs to be equal. For this reason, it provides load current to ensure that the output voltage is stable (that is, negative feedback)
Voltage regulator and UPS are different concepts, but many friends always wrongly believe that the voltage regulator is the UPS, in essence, there is a difference; UPS is divided into on-line and back-up, the general computer equipped with a back-up, which belongs to a kind of emergency power supply, the voltage regulator: it is designed for the unstable voltage, mainly as a back-end power supply. Designed mainly as a back-end equipment protection, equipment protection function is more complete. Generally large UPS must also be equipped with a voltage regulator bypass system, that is, LW-PLG voltage regulator. The above introduces the concept of voltage regulator, here is what UPS?
UPS in Chinese means "uninterruptible power supply", is the English "Uninterruptible Power Supply" abbreviation, it can guarantee that the computer system continues to work for a period of time after the power failure! It can ensure that the computer system continues to work for a period of time after a power outage so that users can save the disk in an emergency, so that you do not affect the work or loss of data due to power failure. It is in the computer system and network applications, mainly play two roles: one is the emergency use, to prevent sudden power outages and affect the normal work, causing damage to the computer; the second is to eliminate the utility power surges, instantaneous high voltage, instantaneous low voltage, power line noise and frequency shifts, such as "power pollution", to improve the quality of power supply for the computer system to provide high-quality power. Provide high-quality power supply for computer systems.
From the basic principle of application, UPS is a kind of power protection equipment containing energy storage device, with the inverter as the main component, stabilized voltage and frequency output.
1) Rectifier: Rectifier is a rectifier, simply put, the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) device. It has two main functions: first, the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC), filtered and supplied to the load, or supplied to the inverter; second, to provide charging voltage to the battery. Therefore, it also plays the role of a charger;
2) battery: the battery is used as a UPS to store electrical energy devices, which consists of a number of batteries connected in series, the capacity of the size of the decision to maintain the discharge (power supply) time.
3) Inverter: In layman's terms, the inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). It consists of inverter bridge, control logic and filtering circuit;
4) static switch: static switch, also known as static switch, it is a non-contact switch, it is a kind of AC switch composed of two silicon controlled reactors (SCR) in reverse parallel, whose closure and disconnection are controlled by the logic controller. Divided into conversion type and parallel type two.
The voltage regulator relies on the tripping of the relay to stabilize the voltage. When the grid voltage fluctuates slightly, or in a certain range of other electrical appliances open or closed, will cause the power regulator's auto-correcting circuit to start, so that the relay jumps frequently.