Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft quickly returned, behind the use of what black technology? Below we will address this issue for some discussion, I hope these contents can help friends in need.
The morning of April 16, 2022, a "red and white umbrella flower" slowly landed in Inner Mongolia's Dongfeng landing site, Shenzhou XIII passenger spacecraft successfully landed, the three astronauts safely home. Medical supervision medical insurance staff of the astronauts to carry out the situation check, three astronauts indicate: "feel happy."
Traversing through reborn air from outer space 300 kilometers from the pavement for a safe landing, this is also the eighth passenger voyage mission successfully carried out by the Shenzhou series of spacecraft. As the second passenger spacecraft sent by the core technology test link of China's space station, Shenzhou XIII is also the Shenzhou spacecraft that stays in outer space for the longest time. In this mission, Shenzhou 13 passenger spacecraft has accomplished several "firsts".
In the return to the whole process, the same-automatic ignition, inertial navigation, 3 basketball court size of the gliding suit and other "high-tech" machinery and equipment has also successfully completed the task of escorting the Shenzhou XIII astronauts crew safety "home".
The landing thrust engine is the main machine and equipment on the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft, the landing thrust engine can successfully fire and normal work, is the decision of the astronauts can not be safe to go home "the last stick", but also decision-making voyage goal of the final success and failure.
"This is also people's engine in orbit for a longer time, we need to ensure that the engine's high reliability and high safety coefficient, and then to ensure that the spacecraft return capsule 'go steady' homeward bound." Speaking with each mission is not at the same time, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, eight hospitals power new project guidelines Sun Fuhui showed that from Shenzhou XII's 33 days to Shenzhou XIII's 183 days, a longer length of time in outer space dormancy will give the engine a huge challenge.
The natural environment of outer space is complicated, the landing counterpropulsion engine with the return capsule takeoff will undergo a long period of outer space orbit, lower back to the many complicated natural environment, such as honing, the natural environment of the engine's adaptability to the provisions of a very high. "Although we have a strong basic research and development of the landing thrust engine, the corresponding structure also understand again, but people are also to the engine listed all the possible natural environment standards, and for its program planning a full range of evaluation experiments, to ensure that the engine in the delivery, loading and unloading of handling, storage, application of the whole process of the structural integrity and stability. stability during the whole process of transportation, loading and unloading, storage and application." Sun Fuhui said.
It is understood that, in order to integrate into the indoor environment of the spacecraft in orbit, the interior designers of the engine to carry out the harsh environment monitoring system experiments; in order to better ensure that the engine can be relied on to fire, to carry out the safety margin certification experiments; in order to better ensure that the engine's reliability is high, to carry out the engine's high-temperature baking and bursting experiments, and so on.
At the same time, the landing process of the return capsule is a big challenge for astronauts. After burns, black barriers, open umbrella speed and other processes, the return capsule is still to use almost 9 meters / second efficiency reduction. And this is when the astronauts are sitting in the return capsule with their backs facing downward and their faces facing the Xintiandi, such a high landing rate will damage the astronauts' cervical vertebrae. In order to better ensure their safety, it is necessary to further reduce the impact. This important "brake pedal" process is carried out by four counter-propulsion landing engine.
Therefore, the design staff of the Institute of Driving Force has designed a set of excellent "brake pedal" posture: when the return capsule is 1 meter away from the surface of the road, the four reverse-propulsion landing engines must fire at the same time within 10ms, and a lot of natural gas will be piled up in the cylinders to generate high pressure, and then finally spewed out from the nozzles on the tail end to provide a counter-thrust for the landing. Sprayed out to counterthrust to ease the landing rate.
Each of these units can create about 3 tons of great thrust in a split second, and in 4 units working together, there will be more than 10 tons of thrust. This great counterthrust reasonably curbed the downward trend of the return capsule, greatly reduced the lowering rate of the spacecraft, alleviated the load impact on the astronauts during the landing process, and improved the safety coefficient of the return capsule in the last stage of the landing process.
From the separation of the spacecraft from the space station gradually to the precise landing in the Dongfeng landing site, all navigation process are inseparable from the inertial navigation machinery and equipment. According to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Group Ninth Academy of details, the Ninth Academy of the metal inertial force precision measurement unit manufactured by 13 is an important stand-alone version of the spacecraft GNC subsystem, used to accurately measure the spacecraft's angular velocity and instantaneous velocity, according to the content of the resulting precise and accurate measurement information for the astronauts accurately return to the landing site to give important data and information to boost the spacecraft to achieve success in the return to the path of the orbit to ensure that the spacecraft accurately landed on the ground type of.
In addition to this, the spacecraft will also be able to make a precise landing.
In addition to this, the two-float inertial force precise measurement module developed by 16 Institute of the Ninth Academy of Astronautics (7171 factory) is located in the return cabin of the spaceship, which is an important single version of the spaceship's indoor space for its smooth operation and safe return, and it can accurately manipulate the ship's posture and rate according to the instant and precise measurement of the ship's fitness movement information content, so as to give a stable guarantee for the smooth operation and safe return of the spaceship.
Special attention is paid to the return to the whole process, the cabin machinery and equipment in the regulation of management methods, medicine to ensure that the voice chat, etc. are particularly important to the spacecraft and astronauts. Completion of this role, without the space nine hospital 771 manufactured by the number of tube subsystem intermediate module, cabin medical supervision machinery and equipment server, voice solution components and other stand-alone version.
News reporter realized that the number of tube sub-system intermediate module is equivalent to the central nervous system of the spacecraft, according to the system bus, most of the tube sub-systems as well as other sub-systems of machinery and equipment regulation and management methods, to complete a variety of statistical data and command storage, manipulation, solution and sharing. The on-board medical monitoring equipment server is the information processing core of the astronaut physiological information content measurement system, equivalent to the clinical medical care personnel, undertaking to accept the physiological health index value data signals of the astronauts, and completing the medical supervision and ensuring. The voice solution component is installed in the astronaut's communication wearing equipment, equipped with dual microphone, dual cell phone headset, for the astronaut to return to the whole process of maintaining video and voice contact with the flight control to give full assurance.
Emergency data information monitoring software is also one of the key facilities in the cabin. The emergency data information monitoring software developed by the 704 Institute of the Ninth Space Academy records and stores the key data information of the whole process of the spacecraft returning to Earth, including the sound, standard air pressure in the cabin, temperature, ambient humidity, spacecraft posture, the operation status of various machines and equipment and their use by astronauts on the dashboard, etc. The software can be used for the whole process of the spacecraft returning to Earth. The stored data information can be loaded in detail even under the extreme composition standards of strong impact, high temperature and high pressure fire and long-term water immersion after dropping to the bottom of the sea.
Gliding suit commodity is the Shenzhou spacecraft recycling and utilization of landing subsystem important commodities, the production process is complicated, the important manipulation stage is more, from the production and processing, packaging to the installation are handmade. The sky falling "red and white umbrella" is made by the Space Technology Group, the fifth courtyard 508 Shenzhou spacecraft recycling and utilization of the landing subsystem R & D elite team made.
"Open the gliding suit steady landing type" is the astronauts "home" of the final program flow. In the return to the whole process, the parachute hatch cover opened, first drag out the correct guidance umbrella, and then drag out the speed reduction parachute. Deceleration parachute work in more than ten seconds will be separated from the return module, and drag out the main parachute, according to the main parachute, the return module of the landing rate will be gradually reduced.
The news reporter recognizes, this escort Shenzhou XIII's main umbrella total area of 1200 square meters, by 1900 pieces of umbrella clothing put together, all carry on after can cover 3 basketball court ground, get straight length of nearly 70 meters, can cross the soccer field ground, is the world's largest ring sail umbrella.
The production and processing of the glider suit is an important step in the R&D course of the Shenzhou spacecraft. How to ensure that all specifications of the 1200 square meter main parachute are accurate and timely in a relatively limited indoor space is the biggest headache for the elite team. Aerospace Science and Technology Group, the fifth hospital 508 parachute development center team leader Yang Xia, the key to undertake the Shenzhou XIII gliding suit processing technology programming, and its design program production and processing production process, optimize the content of the process, the development of production and manufacturing aspects of the product quality to ensure that the control method to deal with bottlenecks in the gliding suit production process.
According to her detailed introduction, in the commodity review stage, the elite team members from the glider suit production and manufacturing of the whole step review commodity each component processing consistency, to ensure that the 96 tangential belt production and processing of the stitch elasticity is consistent to ensure that each tangential belt length is consistent to ensure that the quality of the product is foolproof.