Family assets refer to the net value of all cash, objects, investments, creditor's rights and debts legally owned by family members after quantification in currency. Intangible things such as reputation, knowledge and social status, although also a kind of wealth, cannot be quantified by money, so they are not assets in financial management activities.
1. Assets are the wealth you own, including:
Personal assets: shops, cars, furniture, collectibles; Current assets: cash, foreign currency, bonds and stocks; Investment assets: residence, gold, jewelry, provident fund.
2. Liabilities are debts that you should repay, including:
Long-term liabilities: mortgage repayment, car installment payment; Short-term borrowing.
After quantifying the items listed above with money, the net value is the actual total assets of the family.
There is also the need to clarify your investment period. There are short-term, medium-term and long-term financial objectives, so different financial objectives will determine different investment periods, and different investment periods will determine different risk levels. For example, the money to be used after three months must not be used for high-risk investments. On the contrary, if the money to be used after three years is not used for investment, it will lose the possibility of obtaining higher returns.
Pay attention to these when evaluating assets and which money can be moved.
The next step is to divide the normal income and expenditure of the family in detail, so as to calculate the monthly balance of the family and facilitate the calculation of the growth of assets.
Family income is the net income after deducting tax payable, which is generally divided into several categories:
Fixed income (salary, bonus, subsidy, welfare, etc.). )
Operating income (rent, commission, etc.). )
Investment income (stocks, funds, bonds, etc.). )
Unexpected income (lottery, etc.). )
Household expenditure is the total amount of money paid by cash or credit card, which is generally divided into several categories:
Daily expenses (food, clothing, utilities, transportation, communication, support, etc.). )
Investment expenditure (stocks, funds, foreign exchange, bonds, deposits, insurance, etc.). )
Unexpected expenses (medical care, compensation, etc.). )
Consumer expenditure (tourism, medical care, shopping, etc.). )
Of course, what is listed here is the income and expenditure of ordinary families, which is definitely not comprehensive. In fact, it is calculated according to the special situation of each person and family. Classifying household income and expenditure by category is the first step of household asset management.
In fact, when it comes to income statement, most people think of the company, but it can also be applied to the family. In a period of time, the financial situation of families such as income, expenditure and balance can usually be expressed in the form of statements, which is the income and expenditure income statement. Through this table, we can know the inflow or outflow of funds in a period of time, and make corresponding financial planning in the next financial cycle, so as to scientifically control the flow of funds and achieve the purpose of financial management.
In fact, after you make a report, you will find that there are many things that you don't have to spend. You just let the money flow out on impulse or unconsciously. For example, when I saw something on sale in the mall, I found it useless to put it there after I bought it back. When I saw a novel, it was in line with my own ideas. I bought it and went home to find that there are resources to read everywhere on the Internet. Therefore, defining this income statement can help you clearly find out the unwise part of your expenditure and use it as a reference for your future life.
In the aspect of family assets allocation, the popular rule at present is financial management 432 1. That is to say, the reasonable allocation ratio of family assets is that 40% of family income is used for housing and other investments, 30% for family living expenses, 20% for bank deposits in case of emergency, and 65,438+00% for insurance.
This is different for different families. This 432 1 scientific expenditure method can be used for reference, but if you have a better way to improve your living income and expenditure, that is the best.
When you determine your goals and investment period, as well as your income and expenses and assets with your family, the most important thing left is the decision on financial planning. For example, in order to buy a house, you choose how much money to save in a certain period of time, or invest in a career in a certain period of time to get an ideal return. In other words, after considering all the important factors, you need a feasible scheme to operate. A correct plan will increase your wealth, but if you make a mistake, the investment capital will be swallowed up, so you must be careful when making a choice.
For family financial management, the main purpose of investment is to maintain and increase the value of family assets, and to achieve various family financial management goals including buying a house, paying for children's college education or retirement needs. In order to achieve these goals, any investor wants to get the maximum return on his investment, but higher returns are often accompanied by higher risks. By constructing a suitable investment portfolio, risks can be dispersed or reduced, so as to maximize returns at a certain risk level.
Investors' risk tolerance is the starting point for considering all investment issues. According to different investors, there will be different investment styles, which can be roughly divided into several categories:
Venture capitalists are willing to accept high risks in order to obtain high returns; Ordinary investors are willing to accept normal investment risks in order to obtain a return higher than the general standard; Conservative investors are almost unwilling to take risks, and the investment method chosen by such investors is generally bank interest. Generally, you can only choose the way of saving and investing.
Low-risk financial investment products include: savings, national debt, RMB wealth management products, etc. Medium-risk financial investment products include: trust, open-end fund, foreign exchange wealth management products, etc. High-risk and high-yield financial investment products include: stocks, personal foreign exchange trading, futures, real estate, gold and collectibles.
There are two criteria to judge the risk tolerance, one is the family economic situation, and the other is the psychological tolerance. According to the risk tolerance, you can choose different investment methods and projects.
Unreasonable investment portfolio may bring you unnecessary losses, so if you are uncertain, you can also seek the help of financial consultants to adjust according to your actual situation to avoid losses and increase income. In fact, the essence of personal financial planning is to achieve life goals through reasonable planning and financial management. Look at the following typical example:
Mr. Liu, an employee of a real estate company in Chengdu, has a monthly net income of about 2,500 yuan, and he can earn 50,000 yuan every year if other income is included. Now the deposit is nearly 1 000 yuan, and there are no fixed assets. Girlfriend's monthly income is nearly 65438+ ten thousand yuan. Now I rent a house with my girlfriend, and the monthly rent is 200 yuan. I want to buy a house in the next three years and prepare to marry my girlfriend.
Financial goal: buy a small apartment within three years and raise a wedding gift, which is about 1.5 million ~ 1.7 million according to Chengdu standards.
Financial plan:
Save all the income of Mr. Liu, and all the living expenses and rent will be paid by his girlfriend's salary. Then, after three years, his total income will reach 6.5438+0.6 million yuan (cash 6.5438+0.0 million yuan+50,000 yuan ×3 years). But the cash in hand needs financial management to increase.
According to the above plan, after three years, Mr. Liu and his girlfriend will have a small apartment of their own. Next, the abacus will plan the wedding reserve for Mr. Liu.
& gt& gt& gt First year
At the beginning of the year: the fund in hand is 6,543,800 yuan, with an expected rate of return of 8% and an annual income of 800 yuan.
At the end of the year: wages and other income are bought into money market funds month by month, with an average expected annual income of 50,000 yuan 1%, and an annual income of 50,000 yuan × 1% = 500 yuan.
Total income in the first year: 500+800= 1300 yuan.
& gt& gt& gt Second year
At the beginning of the year: the fund in hand is 60,000 yuan (6,543.8+0,000+50,000 yuan), and the expected annual rate of return is 6%, and the annual income is 3,600 yuan.
Year-end: further purchase of money market funds, with an expected income of 50,000 yuan in 500 yuan.
Total income in the second year: 500+3600=4 100 yuan.
& gt& gt& gt Third year
At the beginning of the year: the funds on hand are 65,438+065,438+00,000 yuan (60,000 yuan+50,000 yuan). Due to the consideration of buying a house, the expected rate of return is 5%, and the annual income is about 1 1 ten thousand yuan × 5% = 5,500 yuan.
Year-end: Buy money fund, and expect to earn 500 yuan.
Total income in the third year: 5500+500: 6000 yuan.
Three years later, 1 1400 yuan's income can be used as the fund for preparing the wedding, so that Mr. Liu and his girlfriend can not only buy a house, but also get married smoothly.
It can be seen that we must choose our own investment direction reasonably, so as to nourish our lives, seek more opinions, analyze our own situation and avoid losses.
Through the evaluation of family assets, the formulation of income and expenditure items and the determination of investment items, we can raise funds for family assets investment. We also know that sometimes, and many times, many people may not have enough funds when investing. So, not only can you use cash, but you can also raise money by borrowing. Of course, the amount you borrow must be within your tolerance.
There are many ways to borrow money, such as through relatives and friends, or through bank loans and so on. The loan amount can be comprehensively evaluated according to your current financial situation, expected annual income and investment project demand. In the process of lending, we should pay attention to two aspects. On the one hand, we should pay attention to the legality of lending. Financial management is different from speculation and needs to ensure the reliability of economic exchanges. On the other hand, the investment income of loan funds is greater than the interest income, otherwise it is meaningless to borrow, but it will waste time and energy.
In short, it is an essential stage to make a feasible plan and make a good financial planning if you want to achieve satisfactory results in your own financial management.