A, semiconductor field
1, chip
Currently, China's chip is not only the manufacturing process or the chip mass production are relatively backward, the current chip Huawei has made 5 nanometer chip, China's other companies have not yet reached this level, most of the stay at 14 nanometers. The United States, Japan and South Korea have broken through 2 to 3 nanometer, and even to 1 nanometer breakthrough.
2, photolithography
China's photolithography reached 14 nanometer mass production, some countries 4 nanometer, 3 nanometer, and even 2 nanometer to start mass production, we still have a certain gap ah!
3, photoresist
Currently, foreign photoresist impedance can be achieved 10 ^ 15, the domestic basically stays at 10 ^ 10. also
There are photoresist coolant, photoresist immersion system, etc. in the field of photolithography is relatively backward.
4, cell phone RF devices
The world's five major suppliers of cell phone RF front-end devices are foreign, accounting for 97% of the global market share. Respectively, Skyworks (Si Jiaxun), Qorvo (XUNWEI United Semiconductor), Broadcom (Broadcom), Qualcomm (Qualcomm) and Murata (Murata), and now our country also breaks through the 5G cell phone RF devices, but there is still a gap.
Two, the Internet field
1, the root server
Currently, the root server according to the information shows that there are 13, but the domain name root server mirror server has nearly 1,000, but some people say that there are still quite a lot of root servers, only not disclosed, China's root servers, one main and three auxiliary, our country does not have its own root servers.2019 China began to building its own domain name root servers (F, I, K, L root mirror servers).
2, operating system
Mobile phone system now China's Huawei launched to Hongmeng, now Hongmeng operating system to the development of a good; computer operating system, now basically windows system, although the domestic computer operation is also available, but to do the popularity of the popularity is not so easy. It is worth mentioning that China's database management system has reached the top ranks of the world.
3, industrial software
CAD (computer-aided design), CAE (computer-aided engineering), CAM (computer-aided manufacturing, referred to as CNC), CDE (public **** desktop environment, an automated package to run a Linux command involved in the code, data and environmental tools), ALM (is the application of a series of business solutions), AEC (Automatic Exposure Control), EDA (Electronic Automation).
MCAD (Computer Aided Design for Manufacturing), ERP (making enterprise core management software), MES (Manufacturing Execution System), PLM (Product Lifecycle Management Software), CAPP (develop parts machining process), SCM (Supply Chain Management System), FEA (Finite Element Analysis Software), DCS (Decentralized Control System), APC (Automated Position Control System).
APS (Advanced Production Scheduling System), Maya (3D animation software), 3DMAX (3D animation and modeling and rendering) and other core industrial software, aviation design software.
Now China's core industrial software, some are still subject to others, some software we are now starting to make an effort, such as domestic CAD and so on.
4, programming software
China's programming software and programming language, is still relatively backward, Huawei is said to be in the research and development of Cangji programming Chinese software.
5, browser kernel
Currently most of our country with IE browser kernel, recently Huawei began research and development of browser kernel.
Three, the field of machine tools
In the field of high-end machine tools, dependent on imports. Competition in the field of low-end machine tools is fierce.
Four, the engine field
1, automobile engines
China's automobile engines have been in a monopoly, although China can now build domestic engines, but in the field of high-end automobile engines, China is still relatively backward. At present, China's Weichai Power in the field of diesel engines have gone to the forefront of the world. But the gasoline engine is still no big breakthrough. The highest level of gasoline engine field is Europe, America and Japan.
2, aviation engines
China in the field of aviation engines have made some breakthroughs to catch up with the world's advanced level, China's c919 test flight success, J20 mass production is the success of China's aviation engine performance.
3, aero-engine nacelles
Nacelles, is the aircraft to put the engine compartment, similar to the mold fairing, mainly by the engine inlet, fairing and tail nozzle composed of fairing, noise reduction, protection, and for the installation of the engine part of the accessories to provide a platform for the role of the platform. Nacelles belong to the cryogenic component technology, is one of the most important core components of the aviation propulsion system.
4, airworthiness standards
Simply put, it is to meet the flight release standards, from the beginning of the aircraft design, research and development, manufacturing, testing, test flights, validation, operation, maintenance, and other areas of the corresponding requirements and regulations, the size of the inspection more than 50. Airworthiness standards in the world are mainly the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European aviation (EASA), our country also has, but the international recognition of only these two.
5, heavy-duty gas turbines
China's latest R0110 heavy-duty gas turbines, breaking the monopoly of Europe and the United States for decades, and now reaches 100% domestically produced, for aircraft carriers, warships and other important role.
Five, the field of steel
1, aviation steel
China's aviation steel field is now in the world's advanced level, as well as aircraft carriers, high-strength special steel, China has broken the monopoly.
2, high-end bearing steel
Once upon a time, China's high-end bearing steel was stuck in the neck, and now China's bearing steel, labeled by Japanese companies, but was not found. China's high-end bearing steel to break the monopoly, but the top high-end bearing steel, there is still a gap, the gap is getting smaller and smaller.
3, high-strength stainless steel
China's high-strength stainless steel, before the monopoly is also in a state of monopoly, and now also finally break the monopoly, and go to the forefront of the world.
4, milling cutter
Milling cutter, is used for milling, with one or more teeth of the rotary tool. When the work of the teeth intermittently cut away the workpiece allowance. Milling cutter is mainly used in the milling machine processing plane, step, groove, molding surface and cut off the workpiece. China developed the world's smallest milling cutter, diameter 0.01 mm. Our country in the milling cutter compared with the world, there is a gap.
Six, the field of robotics
1, tactile sensors
Tactile sensors are used in robots to imitate the tactile function of the sensor. According to the function can be divided into contact sensors, torque sensors, pressure sensors and slippery sensors. Japan is the world leader in tactile sensors, and there is still a gap between us. Like the current meta-universe, the demand for tactile sensors in this area will be more and more.
2, robot core algorithm
Robot algorithm can be divided into perception algorithm and control algorithm, perception algorithm is generally path planning, and control algorithm is generally divided into decision-making algorithm, motion control algorithm. Environment perception algorithms to obtain a variety of data on the environment, usually refers to the robot's vision to see the image recognition and so on.
Robots can be divided into service robots and industrial robots. Industrial robot failure rate, stability ease of use and other key indicators and the world's advanced industrial robot gap is still large. Japan (Fanuc), Japan (Yaskawa), Germany (Kuka), Switzerland (ABB).
Service robots are bionic robots, sweeping robots, companion robots, medical robots, commercial office robots, logistics robots, balancing robots and so on.
VII. Biomedical field
1. iCLIP technology
is one of the most critical technologies for innovative drug development, which can determine the point at which RNA and proteins intersect, and can even read out the site code.
2, medical imaging equipment components
is an important physical component of the signal transmitting and receiving part. Medical imaging equipment can be divided into: nuclear magnetic **** vibration imaging, ultrasound imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, optical imaging, thermal imaging, X imaging six categories. At present, China is still dependent on imports, Switzerland is more leading in this regard.
3, microsphere
Microsphere (microsphere) refers to the drug is dispersed or adsorbed in the polymer, polymer matrix and the formation of particles dispersion system.
4, scanning electron microscope
is between the transmission electron microscope and optical microscope between a microscopic features observation means, can be directly utilized to sample the material properties of the surface of the material for microscopic imaging.
Seven, the battery power field
1, high-end capacitors and resistors
The consumer electronics industry is the largest consumer electronics industry with the largest amount of basic components, Japan's products can be done in 1,000 layers, China has only more than 300 layers. In the low-end areas can be, the gap between the high-end field is still large, China's annual consumption of up to trillions of pieces.
2, underwater connectors
China has a 2000-meter underwater plug electrical connector project.
3, the key technology of fuel cells
Core technology membrane electrode assembly, bipolar plate and sealing elements, China is still in the verification stage. Key technologies in the hands of the United States, Japan and Europe.
4, high-end welding power
China's underwater welding robot technology is because of high-end welding power technology is limited. China belongs to the manufacturing country, is the world's largest de welding power supply manufacturing base. China has not yet broken the monopoly! Now this technology is mainly in the hands of the United States and Japan.
5, lithium battery diaphragm
Lithium battery structure, the diaphragm is one of the key components of the inner layer, in the middle and low market, China has been able to replace the high-end market in China is still dependent on imports.
Eight, the industrial field
1, ultra-precision polishing
Ultra-precision polishing tape is the use of advanced precision coating technology, micron, submicron or nanometer grinding micropowder (diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, etc.) and a new type of polymer adhesive material uniformly dispersed, coated on the surface of the high-strength film, and then processed through a high-precision tailoring process.
2, epoxy resin
Epoxy resin refers to a class of polymers containing more than two epoxy groups in the molecule, is epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A or polyol polycondensation products. Our country now epoxy resin prices all the way up, a goods hard to find.
China's epoxy resin device scale is not economical enough, product specialization is low, product quality stability is not good. Now the main manufacturers in the United States, Total, Corpus and so on the company's production.
3, vacuum evaporation machine
is under vacuum conditions, heating the evaporation container to be evaporated material, so that its atoms or molecules from the surface of the gasification escape, the formation of a vapor stream, into the community to the substrate or the substrate surface, the condensation of solid film method. Has been monopolized by Japan and South Korea, a up to 700 million, no less difficult than lithography. Our country has now broken through, but there is still a gap with the advanced level.