The modern society is a highly developed information society, the rapid breeding and dissemination of information has challenged the efficient management of information resources, and the government is faced with a powerful information impact in the processing of public **** affairs and the development of government decisions. In the government's previous information management activities, the development of government information resources often take the information processing mode from scratch, there is a lot of repetitive labor, information utilization efficiency is low. Meanwhile, due to the physical isolation between government departments, information collection, citation, classification, and storage and retrieval fail to adopt a unified standard, which may result in conflicts and contradictions of information from various departments, and is not conducive to the formulation and implementation of government scientific decision-making. Therefore, the establishment of government information reuse model, the government's existing resources to deepen and develop, to achieve efficient transformation and transfer of information for the optimal allocation of government information resources and improve the competitiveness of government intelligence information has a crucial role.
1 information reuse concept
The concept of reuse is first applied in the field of computers, and its first citation is in Mcllroy's paper "Mass-produced Software Building Blocks" at the 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference. The idea of reuse had been embodied in the concept of subroutines before this time, but its purpose was to save the expensive machine memory resources of the time, not to save the human resources needed to develop software. The concept of subroutines did, however, serve the purpose of saving human resources, leading to the emergence of general-purpose subroutine libraries for use by programmers in programming. The math program library is a very successful application of subroutine reuse technology. Since then with the development of software reuse and various reuse techniques, the concept of reuse has started to penetrate into other domains, and information reuse is one such direction.
Information reuse refers to the existing information resources and information work, make full use of the past information management resources, knowledge, technology and experience for the construction of new information resources, for the future to solve the same or similar problems to provide molding, modular information support. In government information management activities, information reuse may occur in three dimensions: ① Time dimension: the existing information as a version, from the content and storage status of the two aspects of the timely update to adapt to new needs, that is, the maintenance of information. ② Platform dimension: take the existing information processing platform as the basis, consider the use of the main body, the characteristics of the transaction and the content of the information, build a new platform, i.e., the transplantation of the information platform. ③Application dimension: applying the information resources of a government department or a certain field to other departments or fields to solve problems, so that the information has a broader application value and significance, i.e., the transformation of information resources.
2 Government Information Reuse Model Based on Knowledge Management Technology
This paper draws on the model of software reuse, and on this basis integrates knowledge management technology and methodology to design an information reuse model, which is the process of reusing information, and reusing the same or similar elements of information from the point of view of the application dimension of the information in the application of information in a number of different information application processes. In the information application dimension, the process of reusing the same or similar information elements in many different information application processes is viewed from the perspective of information application. Through information reuse, in the process of information utilization can make full use of the information elements that have been collected or have been stored, eliminating many duplicated efforts including information acquisition, organization, identification, etc., thus improving the efficiency of information utilization.
The establishment of information reuse based on knowledge management, mainly including technical and non-technical factors, are briefly described below.
2.1 Government data acquisition
Data acquisition is the process of fine-tuning many information elements, using knowledge discovery in the knowledge mining technology, from a large number of the original database to dig out the implied information, while there are many correlation knowledge, clustering knowledge, classification knowledge, bias knowledge, predictive knowledge, and through knowledge discovery technology to obtain. The knowledge is obtained through the knowledge discovery technology.
The acquisition of information resources in government departments can be divided into two ways: one is to search the explicit knowledge resources in the databases of government departments through the knowledge retrieval tools for carpet searching, and to obtain the defined and required information elements, and the other way is to add to the government data through the coded form of the experiences, summaries, experiences, and explanations of the staff in the daily work of government departments. The other way is to add them to government data by codifying the experiences, summaries, experiences, and instructions of staff in their daily work. In order to improve the rate and effectiveness of data acquisition, it is fundamental to ensure sufficient information sources. The government should, firstly, encourage all departments to open their databases to each other and establish more extensive information contact and information exchange; secondly, provide a free communication platform within the government, such as government departmental forums, QQ groups, blog circles, etc., and set up a special personal information tracker within the group to anonymously summarize the opinions, views, experiences, etc. expressed by the government personnel, and publish them in the government in the form of a report on a regular basis; and thirdly, put the The government departmental information interaction and departmental co-operation within the scope of the assessment of departmental performance, to encourage mutual learning and exchange of information between the departments.
2.2 Data standardization and description of government departments
Data standardization and description is the process of indexing information elements. Using knowledge mining, the information resources of government departments are subjected to a higher level of varietal identification and semantic analysis to summarize the data features. The data obtained from different government departments have different degrees of variability because they exist in different entity units. The storage status and format limitations of each government department make the interpretation of the same data difficult, so it is necessary to standardize the acquired information elements. Government data standardization mainly involves the following two aspects:First, the establishment of a unified government data model. It explains the time of information acquisition, the source of acquisition, and the scope of government services used by each government department. On the one hand, to reduce the repeated collection of the same data source, and according to the government information collection time to update the existing information, on the other hand, the access rights to government information to do certain restrictions on the circulation of classified information is limited to a certain range; the second is the establishment of the government data standards. 1990s the U.S. federal government designed to support the public to search for, access and use of government information resources open to the public in the form of distributed Information resources and utilization system GILS (Government Information Location Service), has been applied in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries, GILS government information processing standards have been stipulated; as a description of network resources metadata format DC (Dublin Core metadata) has become InternetRFC2413 and the United States National Information Standard Z39.85. British e-GMF, Canadian TBIT, and Canadian TBIT. GMF, Canada TBITS39.1, Australia AGIL, EU MIReG, etc. are all constructing the metadata format of government information resources on the basis of DC. And China has not yet established a government data standardization model and model, so it should be based on the experience of foreign standards, taking into account the current situation of domestic government hardware and software, to establish data standards applicable to our government.
The use of expert systems in the management of information resources in government departments of artificial intelligence, simulating the way of thinking of experts on the knowledge framework of government departments, semantic networks for reasoning and interpretation, the relevant rules and departmental data characteristics to match the characteristics of the data of the conceptualization of the characteristics of the data of the various departments described. Data standardization and description are of great significance in standardizing the degree of knowledge mastery, diffusion and coding in each government department, which is the basis for realizing the integration and ****sharing of information resources in each department, and laying down a unified data format and exchange standard for the construction of the integration ****sharing platform. This includes the unification and standardization of the explicit knowledge format, storage status, and knowledge composition of each government department, and the coding of the tacit knowledge of each government department to make it explicit.
2.3 Classification and Reorganization of Data in Government Departments
Extract the characteristics of information elements, classify and integrate the data at different levels, and reorganize the information using the correlation between the information to generate new knowledge. Concept-oriented knowledge map of the government sector information resources for content classification and management, the existence of knowledge islands in various departments, data islands to establish links to achieve the reorganization of information elements. At the same time, the subject-oriented characteristics of the data warehouse make it possible for the data warehouse to be oriented to the transaction processing tasks when processing information, organize the data according to certain subject domains, and generate new knowledge by means of a new form of organization of the existing information. The reorganization and integration of information elements are mainly in the following ways:
(1) Information integration at the object-oriented level. The integration of information units at this level is mainly based on the functions of government personnel, the level of authority and the degree of specialization of the different levels of division and design of the population. Government sector information resources have specificity for problem solving, so the application subject is also specific. Object-oriented level of information integration can be divided into three major categories: First, the information integration for government business personnel. Government business personnel face long-term basic business processing activities, the required knowledge is mainly process information, technical information and empirical information, after receiving the leadership instructions to quickly access the relevant implementation information, and the implementation of the situation with the previous handling of the event for comparison, looking for information that can be drawn on, while the completion of the business to summarize and feedback; the second is oriented to the leadership of the government personnel. Government leaders face a large number of decision-making and coordination affairs, and the knowledge they need is mainly policy information. In the face of new administrative events and activities, leaders look for administrative basis from the policy integrated knowledge base on the one hand, and seek professional support and scientific advice from government experts on the other hand to deploy planning for the implementation of government activities; and thirdly, it is oriented to government expert personnel. Government experts analyze policies, social environment, and domestic and international situations, give constructive opinions to government leaders, and encode and process the information on government activities fed back by government operational personnel and add it to the government case knowledge base. The three levels of government personnel coordinate and communicate with each other to realize the purpose of the integrated government knowledge spiral appreciation.
The focus of the object-oriented level of information integration is to reflect the same characteristics, similar granularity of the information unit for the government sector information application subject to the ease of use.
(2) activity-oriented process information integration. This level of information unit integration is based on the activities of the stage-based division, its purpose is to achieve the optimization and reengineering of government business processes. Activity-oriented information integration re-examine the government management activities, analyze the elements of government activities and their relationships, and use knowledge management methods and techniques for their integration and encapsulation. In the process of information integration to grasp the information supply and demand relationships between government departments and constraints, the formation of activity-oriented process knowledge body and knowledge clusters, to achieve the support of the government business process.
(3) theme-oriented information integration. This level of integration is divided on the basis of information application themes. Its purpose is to improve the effectiveness of information application, so as to achieve the realization of information value and transformation. Will be dispersed in various departments, different types and levels of information to a certain application theme-oriented integration, the establishment of the corresponding information integration body, the establishment of geography, population, finance, taxation, statistics-based basic information resources knowledge base; to finance, land, state-owned assets, real estate, modern agriculture, etc., mainly macro-control information resources knowledge base; food and drug supervision, environmental protection, public **** security, Mobile Population, Safety Supervision, Quality Supervision, Social Credit and other social management information resources knowledge base; labor and employment, education, culture, social security, health care, social assistance, mainly public **** service information resources knowledge base. Theme-oriented information integration, application-oriented, to the relevance of information and thorn degree for the string of basis, breaking the departmental division of information.
2.4 Data Storage and Retrieval in Government Departments
The orderly storage of data is a prerequisite and basis for the effective use of information resources in government departments, the analysis and integration of information resources in government departments for storage, on the one hand, for the **** enjoyment of the information of the various departments to provide a strong support for the information on the other hand, the new knowledge generated will be This method of human library is conducive to expanding the capacity of information reserves and improving the reuse rate of information. In order to facilitate the utilization of government departments, in the data storage format on the one hand, we must consider compatibility, government integration **** enjoy knowledge base and the population of the information resource management platform of each department is compatible, able to carry out the free docking of data and normal reading of information. This puts forward the requirements for the construction platform hardware and software equipment for the government integration *** enjoy knowledge base. Currently dealing with a large number of data service model of cloud computing service platform, with its low cost, high utilization rate and rapid response characteristics, has become an effective choice for the government to build information services backstage support. The data that will be mined and integrated is stored on top of the government public cloud platform, on the one hand, to ensure the security of government data, on the other hand, the cloud computing data center data **** enjoys the solution to the problem of duplicated collection of data from various departments and the problem of data format inconsistency. The technical characteristics of the cloud computing center virtualization, so that the data in the flow of government departments more flexible, through the scheduling system to coordinate the use of business information in various departments and migration.
The knowledge map has a search and navigation function that helps government workers quickly look up what they need to know, and is an information management tool that can help with where to find knowledge. In the search process of the government knowledge map, government personnel not only search for information in their own departments, but also with the search of other departments related to information sources in series, the formation of a relevant government knowledge network, the government departments of information resources integrated push. The knowledge map dynamically reacts to the stock and flow of information resources in government departments, and carries out real-time positioning and dynamic tracking, laying the foundation for the rapid provision and effective ****enjoyment of information as well as high-frequency reuse of information.
In addition to the above technical factors of knowledge management, information reuse also involves many non-technical factors, such as: departmental coordination mechanisms; departmental personnel information management skills; departmental information database openness and so on. These factors are related to the information reuse capacity, information reuse level and information reuse progress.
3.1 Application of information reuse in government emergency prevention
3.1 Application of information reuse in government emergency prevention
The government emergency prevention is based on crisis warning information and crisis prevention information. Emergency prevention to achieve the government's emergency preparedness, emergency response efficiency, to achieve the government's agile emergency response, flexible emergency response, immediate emergency response and scientific emergency response. Government emergency prevention is built on a large amount of information storage and access speed, information multiplexing through the collection and monitoring of various regions and departments to get the crisis information, disaster status, disaster data, such as transplantation and integration, and the frequency of crises, time and space as well as the intensity of the prediction of the formation of a certain early warning mechanism, to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of the crisis or to reduce the losses caused by the crisis. China's August 7, 2010 Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, the largest mudslide disaster occurred in the biggest lesson is not to do a good job of early warning and risk avoidance, and at present China's risk management of mudslides is not yet in place, not the construction of a systematic risk early warning facilities, this disaster once again to China's risk early warning sounded the alarm.
3.2 Application of Information Multiplexing in Government Emergency Response
Government emergency response that is, in the event of a crisis, the government in the organization, emergency resources, emergency dispatch and other aspects of a series of targeted activities. Due to the crisis has a sudden, uncertain, dynamic, catastrophic and other characteristics, the crisis response requires timely, rapid, scientific, which requires the government in the emergency response to be able to use the information available to make decisions quickly, to develop a scientific emergency program. The government can compare and call the encapsulated knowledge modules of the previously established emergency expert database, emergency case database, emergency management system, etc., and make improvements and refinements on the basis of the existing programs, combined with the specific characteristics of the crisis. The case of crisis information and the reuse of response information save a certain amount of time for the government to make decisions, making the government's emergency response rapid and effective. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the Tangshan Municipal Government accessed the Tangshan earthquake archives and earthquake data, conducted systematic analysis and research, summarized and drew on the experience of Tangshan's anti-earthquake and disaster relief, and offered suggestions for the Sichuan disaster area, putting forward more than 90 suggestions in the areas of post-earthquake search and rescue, health epidemiological prevention, treatment of the injured, resettlement of victims, and the management of disaster relief supplies, etc., which were highly valued by the relevant departments and were sent to the front line of the Sichuan Provincial Anti-Earthquake and Disaster Relief The company's website has been updated with the latest information about the company's website, including its website and its website.
3.3 Application of Information Reuse in Government Emergency Recovery
Emergency recovery after a crisis mainly includes the formulation of emergency recovery plans, emergency recovery resource management, and psychological guidance, etc., with the aim of realizing the stability of the affected areas and the smooth progress of reconstruction. Information reuse in this link also has significant application value, for example, in the formulation of emergency recovery plan, through information reuse to get a crisis type on the formulation of the recovery plan **** the same requirements and different crisis types on the formulation of the recovery plan of different requirements, so as to develop targeted emergency recovery plan according to the time and space of the occurrence of the crisis, the degree of the emergency recovery plan. Based on domestic and international experience, establish a multi-disaster, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary case bank and expert bank for post-disaster reconstruction. For example, the .10-year reconstruction after the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake in Japan, the 6-year reconstruction after the 9.21 Earthquake in Taiwan in 1999, and the 7-year reconstruction after the New Orleans Hurricane in the U.S. in 2005, and so on, all provided a blueprint for the post-disaster reconstruction of the Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008. In the process of reconstruction after the Wenchuan earthquake, the government reused the advanced experience of international post-disaster reconstruction on the basis of national conditions, and explored a post-disaster reconstruction model with Chinese characteristics, which laid the foundation for the rapid advancement of post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan.
4 Several suggestions for government information reuse based on knowledge management technology
The realization of government information reuse based on knowledge management technology is not a one-step, once and for all, to do a good job of government information management, to give full play to the efficiency and role of government information reuse to maximize the value of the information and optimize the structure, but also need to pay attention to A few aspects.
4.1 Modularized knowledge for government information reuse based on information integration
Government information reuse is based on effective information integration. Information integration is both a way to constitute an information system and a way of thinking to solve problems. Adopt the method of information integration, clarify the horizontal and vertical information flow of government departments, the government organization and its environment as a whole, in the information dimension to the integration of all relevant information elements, so that the government information organization is optimized. Therefore, in the study of government information reuse at the same time, it is necessary to establish the integration mechanism and framework of government information, mainly manifested as: ① the integration of the knowledge base of government departments; ② the integration of the emergency knowledge base and the government knowledge base in the normal situation; ③ the integration of the government knowledge base and the knowledge base of enterprises and knowledge base of other social organizations. The use of knowledge management technology to mine the information association, clustering the formation of knowledge modules to facilitate the modular reuse of government information.
4.2 Expanding the breadth and depth of government information reuse by means of information ****sharing
The existence of information silos in various government departments is an important factor affecting the breadth and depth of government information reuse. Therefore, we should actively promote the information **** between government departments to provide more comprehensive and deeper information support for the reuse of government information. The use of knowledge-based management tools and management methods to build a government knowledge network, on the one hand, and existing information to cross-check each other, reduce information redundancy and uncertainty, on the other hand, the combination of socio-technical acquisition strategies, a variety of knowledge acquisition paths, knowledge acquisition methods, and multi-level access to the main body of the integration of the premise of building a basic platform for government knowledge, to build a complete knowledge acquisition technology system. The governmental knowledge network includes internal knowledge network and external knowledge network of the government: ① Knowledge acquisition of external knowledge network of government departments. Government departments exist in a physical environment, including humanities, technology, organizational environment, etc., the external knowledge network relies on the government portal and the collection of physical departments, and ultimately the formation of various types of basic databases. ② Knowledge acquisition of internal knowledge network of government departments. The internal knowledge network of government departments mainly relies on the connection between personal terminal computers and servers within government departments, and utilizes the departmental forums, emails, and employee communities built to acquire departmental and personal knowledge. The acquired knowledge is then analyzed and coded to form formalized, structured, visible, readable and audible explicit knowledge, expanding the government's knowledge inventory and providing a more comprehensive knowledge reserve for government information reuse.
4.3 Accelerate the development of government knowledge management system to enhance the level of information reuse
The realization of government information reuse needs to be aided by the channels, tools and methods of the government knowledge network platform. The establishment of a set of knowledge management system used to support the reuse of government information is the future direction of government information reuse development and research. The framework of this system should be supported by knowledge management technologies and methods such as knowledge mining, knowledge warehouse, knowledge map, etc., to form knowledge base clusters such as case base, expert base, model base, basic database, etc., and to realize object-oriented, subject-oriented, and activity process-oriented applications.
5 Conclusion
Government information resources in the government's operation process plays a role in promoting and transmitting; in the government's decision-making process plays the role of a think tank, the efficient management of government information resources, the effective use of government information resources has become the key to enhance the administrative capacity of the government. Drawing on knowledge management technology to achieve a collection of information, multi-style conversion, a generation of multiple use, improve the efficiency of government information utilization, to provide the government with more integrated, standardized and flexible information support.