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Hollow, covered with fine white hairs, tendrils are 3 ~ 4 meters long, with forked tendrils and strong branching. Generally, female flowers can appear when the whole vine grows late and the lateral vine 1 ~ 2 nodes. Stem nodes are easy to produce adventitious roots. Leaves are solitary and alternate, heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, with dense white hair, large and thin leaves, quite soft and large transpiration. Flowers are monoecious, with single axillary flowers, large white flowers and long flower stalks. Most male and female flowers bloom early and late, and the light is poor at night. The fruit is Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which is long rod-shaped, long tube-shaped, short tube-shaped, oblate or bunchy.
Cucurbitaceae plants are climbing and growing, with green leaves, round pentagonal hearts, shallow teeth near the whole edge, and dense white hairs on the leaves. Rattan melon is slender and stick-shaped, with slightly thinner upper middle part, slightly thicker bare end, flat and round top, and slightly prominent longitudinal edges around the stalk at the base of the melon; The melon is 60 ~ 70 cm long, 6 ~ 7 cm thick and 4 ~ 4.5 cm thin. A single melon weighs 0.5 ~ 0.75 kg, with a bluish white skin and dense white hairs on the surface. When cooked, the skin will be light, the skin will be hard and the hair will fall off. Melon meat is white, about 1 cm thick, tender, less fiber, good quality, cooked food, strong heat resistance, no cold tolerance and no waterlogging tolerance. Moderate resistance to pests and diseases. [4]
Changxuanzi
Also known as "Chang Hu Chan", "Night Blossom" and "Yupu", the fruit is long and cylindrical, 40 ~ 50 cm long, with light green skin and soft white pulp, which is of good quality. Most of the fruits are on vines or lateral vines, and it belongs to early-maturing varieties. [5]
Noodles zanzi
Also known as Scorpion, it is a local variety in Nanjing. The fruit is 70 ~ 100 cm long, with similar thickness from top to bottom, slightly thinner handle, thin skin, light green, shiny, thick and tender meat, and white. There are few seeds, and the weight of single melon is 1.5 ~ 2.0 kg. Old age tolerance and precocity
Gourd is a local variety in Beijing. The vine is gourd-shaped, the lower part is spherical, the bottom is flat, and the upper part tapers into a short column. The weight of a single melon is 1 ~ 2 kg. The skin of tender melon is white-green or light-green, with white irregular spots at the bottom and white short hair on the surface. The upper part of the melon is solid, and the swollen part is small and thick.
Melon meat is white, dense in texture, rich in water, less in fiber, slightly sweet in taste and good in quality. Young melons can be cooked food and old melons can be containers. Heat-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and fertilizer-loving.
Gourd can be directly sown in the open field before the final frost, or planted after seedling raising in protected areas. Seeds need to be treated before sowing. Seeds need to be soaked for 24-48 hours, and then sown, and the amount of seeds used per mu is 250 grams. The management of gourd seedlings is the same as that of spring cucumber. You can refer to cucumber seedling raising technology.
Sowing and seedling raising
Raise seedlings in hotbeds. Sowing from the end of February to the beginning of March, the seed dosage per hm2 is 3.75kg(667m2 dosage is 0.25kg). Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ 15 min before sowing, then put them in a constant temperature of 25 ~ 30℃ to accelerate germination, and sow them in a nutrition bowl after all the buds are in place. At seedling stage, it is necessary to keep warm and cold, ventilate and transmit light, and properly keep the soil dry and wet. The seedling age is about 30 ~ 35d. Before sowing, the seedlings should be exercised at a low temperature of about 10d.
Plant adjustment: gourd can be cultivated with or without scaffolding, and vines need to be pressed to prevent wind damage. When the seedlings grow to a height of 30 cm, use 2-3 meters long bamboo poles to set up a herringbone frame, and cross at about 1.3 meters. In order to facilitate the climbing of lateral vines and the artificial layering of vines, 2-3 cross frames are needed. As the seedlings grow, tie the vines on the scaffold several times to make them evenly distributed. Gourd is mainly produced by vine and sun vine, so it should be adjusted and cored 2 ~ 3 times to promote the occurrence of vine and sun vine. If sprayed twice, the number of continuous knots will be more, and the occurrence of male flowers will be greatly reduced.
The growth potential of gourd is weaker than that of other melons, with short growth period and concentrated fruit. In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing and irrigation should also be applied. Topdressing should be used cautiously and diligently. In colonial times
Fertilize 1 time after living, stone removal and fruit expansion. Topdressing 1 ~ 2 times in stages after harvesting to promote the growth of after-ripening melons. Gourd needs more water, so water it in time. In this way, it can be watered for 1 ~ 2 days in drought, but if there is much rain, it should be drained in time to prevent waterlogging.
Topdressing is based on soil fertility and combined with watering. Generally, six days after transplanting, soybean bran extract 15kg, biological phosphorus 10.5 kg and biological potassium10.5 kg were applied, and mixed manure water was applied every 7 ~ 10 days, and10 times after planting. Prune branches and take care of the heart. Remove the old leaves and adjust the space to make it ventilated and transparent. When the plant has 4 ~ 6 true leaves, spraying 1.5 -6 ethephon on the leaves twice can make the female flowers form and increase as soon as possible and improve the yield.
Gourd is a very popular vegetable among residents. It is the top grade, green, white and bright in color, well-proportioned in shape, with thick white fine hairs, but sometimes bitter gourd appears. Gourd is bitter because bitter gourd contains bitter saponin. Bitter gourd can't be eaten, and eating gourd with high toxin content will be poisoned. The main reason of bitter gourd is the genetic cause of seeds, that is, seeds carry bitter genes, which makes the melons produced by plants bitter gourd. If the female flower of the seed-reserved plant receives the pollen carrying the bitter gene when the vegetable farmer keeps the seed, the melon produced by the plant planted and raised in the next year will still be bitter gourd. Therefore, when farmers save seeds, if they find bitter gourd, they should pull it out as soon as possible to prevent the spread of pollen and ensure the quality of seeds.
Late autumn, standing at the top of Xiangshan Mountain, Wang Leehom's sad "Regret in the Wind" came from the earphone. Yes, there are many regrets in life. And your phrase "going to college together" has become your biggest regret.
It seems that you have been playing me for as long as I can remember. You are my best friend. There are no secrets and few contradictions between us. You like autumn because you were born in that sad season. You and I go to Xiangshan every year in late autumn, standing on the top of the mountain, feeling the autumn wind and watching the falling red leaves. Looking at the red leaves all over the mountain, I always feel pity. I turn to you and say, "Look, how fragile the red leaves are. They were crushed when they fell to the ground. " And you always shake your head and retort with a smile: "No, they are not fragile. Tomorrow in late autumn, they will be all over the valley again. "
You are beautiful and talented. The way you dance in a red dress is so light and beautiful. I always think, maybe, you are the maple leaf elf sent by heaven. Whenever you show me your published articles, I will say to you enviously, "You also taught me to write articles, and I am beginning to envy you." But when you ask me with those failed science papers, I will also feel distressed in waves.
I always thought that girls with your looks were vulnerable, but I was wrong. You are so strong. That year, your parents divorced and you lived in my house. At the beginning, you cried with me every night, and I didn't know how to comfort you. But soon, you came out of the shadows. I'm so happy for you. You took my hand and said to me, "We will be good friends for life, study hard together, go to high school together and go to college together." "Of course!" , I said.
But the sudden car accident last autumn made the phrase "going to college together" a permanent regret for you and me.
"Don't forget ... our ... agreement ..." You whispered to me with difficulty, and that was the last thing you said. I kept nodding in tears. You are wearing a red skirt, lying quietly in the snow-white hospital bed. I can't believe you'll never wake up. I lie prone on your bedside, calling your name over and over again, and you, like the falling maple leaf, are motionless. The vow of "going to college together" can no longer be realized.
"So it's not surprising that the pain.
It is a pity to cry in the wind. "
The song is over and can be played again. Life is over, but you can't start all over again. In the cold autumn wind, I called your name and my eyes were wet. No, I shouldn't cry. I am not alone. Although the agreement of "going to college together" has become a pity, I will work harder because I know that you will turn into a maple leaf and wait for me on a tree in the university campus.
Gourd diseases include virus diseases and powdery mildew. 25% triadimefon wettable powder 8 ~ 13 g, or 50% polysulfide suspension 300 ~ 400 times, or agricultural antitoxin 120 times, spraying 50 kg of water can control powdery mildew.
Leek is specially used to harvest the flower stems of edible leeks. Short leaves, rough texture, strong tillering ability and high bolting rate. The flower stems are tall and thick, crisp and tender, shaped like garlic stems, with You Mei flavor. Lanzhou, Gansu and Taiwan Province provinces are widely cultivated in China. There are also sporadic introduction and cultivation in Shandong and other places. There are many varieties of leek, such as lobular species: strong bolting and tillering, narrow and short leaves, thick color, thin and slightly green leaf sheaths, hard leaf sheaths, early maturity, dual-purpose leaves and flowers, and medium quality; Chinese chives: extremely bolting, long stems, wide and long leaves, dark green, large leaf sheaths, yellow and red. The leaves and leaf sheaths are hard and have a long bolting period, which can be bolting all year round, and the leaves are not edible, mainly bolting; Nianhua 2: thick stems, good quality and low temperature tolerance.
Leek with leaves and flowers.
Nursery land should be convenient for irrigation and drainage. In sandy loam or clay loam where onions and garlic vegetables have not been planted in recent 1-2 years, deep ploughing should be done before winter, and frozen water should be poured, and the top should be raked flat in the following spring to preserve moisture. Apply 4-5 cubic meters of decomposed farmyard manure per mu. In order to prevent leek maggots, 2 kg of 5% phoxim granules can be used per mu, and dry fine soil 10- 15 kg can be added, evenly spread, lightly plowed, finely raked and leveled to make it 1.2- 1.5 m wide and 7-65438 m long.
Suitable for seedling raising
Leek seedlings grow slowly, so it is advisable to sow them early, preferably from late March to late April. After soaking seeds to accelerate germination, sow seeds on the seedbed by wet sowing method, covering the soil twice, the first time with a thin layer of soil, and the second time after moisture regain, with a total thickness of 2cm. The amount of seeds used per mu is 6-8kg. Cover the soil with plastic film to increase temperature and keep moisture, and remove the plastic film after emergence. Generally 1 mu seedlings can grow 7-9 mu of vegetable fields.
Miaochang management
The height of lightly poured seedlings is about 5cm, and the soil is loosened in time; After 10cm, it can be watered with decomposed manure or topdressing urea for 2-3 times, and 0.5- 1kg of crystal trichlorfon can be applied with water per mu to kill pests such as leek maggots. After seedling height 15cm, control irrigation to prevent white lodging. Weeds should be uprooted in time. When the seedling height is about 12cm, use 0.5-0.75kg25% herbicide to control weeds. Or spray 0. 1.5kg33% herbicide control emulsifiable concentrate on the surface before emergence after sowing.
Choose plots with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, apply 4-5 cubic meters of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and level them for border. The boundaries are 2-3m wide, and every three boundaries are grouped. A cold-proof belt with a width of 1m is set on the north side. Transplanting from late June to early July. Before planting, cut off the end of the fibrous root and cut the bulb into small stalks. Flat border hole planting, row spacing 13-20cm, hole spacing 10- 15cm, 6-8 plants per hole is appropriate. When planting, it is advisable not to bury the leaf sheath, and water it in time after planting.
65438+ 10 Set up scaffolding before freezing in late October, cut a handful of fresh leeks before severe frost, and then buckle the film. First, loosen the border, dry it in the sun for 3-4 days, spread the decomposed ring fertilizer, and apply urea and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the ditch. Combined with watering, root irrigation with phoxim or trichlorfon is used to control leek maggots, and the film is buckled after the soil is slightly dry. Corn stalks were planted in the cold zone to keep out the wind and cold, and cold ditches were dug around the leek shed. The distance from the cold ditch to the shed edge10cm, the depth is 50cm, and the width is 50cm. The ditch is full of broken corn stalks or wheat stalks. Wheat bran is used as insulation layer, covered with soil and compacted. Thereby being beneficial to the thermal insulation of the arch shed. After plastic film mulching, shallow hoe once in sunny days to improve the ground temperature. During the growth period, the greenhouse temperature was kept at 15-20℃ during the day and night.
Ear holes are hairy; The nostrils can be closed, and the eyesight and sense of smell are keen, which is helpful to adapt to the unfavorable environment such as windy desert. After training and proper management, camels are docile and easy to raise. Sometimes I get angry, especially in estrus. Spitting when angry, biting and kicking people, is very dangerous. Camels originated in North America about 40 million years ago. Later, its distribution expanded to South America and Asia, but it disappeared in its producing area. Traditionally, camels are used as important pack animals. Although the speed of bactrian camel is only 3 ~ 5 kilometers per hour, it can carry heavy objects for a long time, and 50 kilometers per day is feasible. The camel's legs are longer, and people can keep the speed of 13 to 16 kilometers per hour when riding 18 hours.
hunchback
Anatomically, it is confirmed that the hump stores the deposited fat, not the water sac. Metabolic water produced by fat oxidation can meet the needs of camel life activities. So some people think that the hump actually stores "solid water". It is determined that 1g fat produces 1. 1g metabolic water, and a 45kg hump is equivalent to 50kg metabolic water. But in fact, the metabolism of fat is inseparable from the participation of oxygen, and in the process of oxygen inhalation, the water lost from the lungs is comparable to the water metabolized by fat. This fact shows that Luo Feng is not a solid reservoir at all, but a huge energy storage device, which provides material guarantee for camels to travel long distances in the desert.
The rumen of camel is divided into several blind sacs by muscle blocks, which are called "water sacs". Some people think that after a camel drinks water, it needs to store a lot of water in its stomach before it feels thirsty. In fact, those water bags can only hold 5 ~ 6L of water, which is mixed with fermented feed and presents a sticky green juice. The salt concentration in these green juices is roughly the same as that in blood, so it is difficult for camels to use the water in their stomachs. Moreover, the water sac can not be effectively isolated from other parts of rumen, and it is too small to form an effective water storage reservoir. Anatomically, apart from the hump and stomach, there is no organ dedicated to storing water. So it can be concluded that there is no reservoir for camels.
Camel milk
The body is very small, there is no hump on the back, the limbs are very thin, and the front end of the foot has curved and sharp hooves. Long face, long ears, big eyes, very delicate. The tail is short and the capillaries are long. Judging from these characteristics, it is a bit like a sheep again. In particular, its toes are much apart than camels to adapt to walking on rocks and wading swimming. Alpacas are generally higher than alpacas, mostly around 1 m. Coat colors are white, camel and a mixture of the two colors. Some wool is as long as 60-80 cm, soft and meticulous as silk, shiny and elastic, straighter than sheepskin, and can be woven into woolen goods.
Alpacas are native to central Peru in the Andes Mountains at an altitude of 3000 -6500 meters in the upper reaches of the Amazon River, and have been widely distributed in the South American continent. From the tropical coast to the high mountains, there are alpacas where there are people. The particularly harsh natural environment and the wild conditions where there is nowhere to hide have cultivated alpacas' strong adaptability and resistance to roughage. They generally live in the temperature environment of-18℃ to 22℃, inhabit the plateau at an altitude of 4000 meters, and feed on alpine spiny plants. It has good adaptability to high altitude and arid desert areas, and has the advantages of yak and camel. It can also grow and develop well in temperate and subtropical marine humid climate environment, and can improve the production level. Alpaca can protect grassland ecological environment better than sheep in inferior grassland and sandy desert scrub grassland in high altitude pastoral areas, and alpaca is the livestock with the highest utilization rate of orange stalks in low altitude pastoral areas. [4]
Alpacas are very docile and timid. If it is fed by people, alpacas must wait for people to leave before eating, even if they are very familiar with their owners. However, it sometimes loses its temper and knows what pain is. For example, if something goes wrong, it can spit out secretions and feces from its nose like a camel, or spit on the faces of other animals to vent its resentment in its chest; When it feels pain, it can make a tragic sound like a camel. Alpacas have a keen sense of hearing. In order to find out the enemy's situation, they decided to run away as soon as possible. [3]
Alpacas live mainly in groups, and it is often seen that more than 200 alpacas live together in the forests of the Andes. It is highly alert. When eating grass, it always sends one or several guards, and it can also predict the weather changes. Every time a storm comes, "guards" will take the whole group to a safe place.
Suri alpaca: Suri alpaca has unique wool fiber characteristics. Camel's hair is not only slender, but also smooth as silk, and droops evenly and supplely like long curly hair. High-quality Suri wool has a strong luster, which will shine in the sun and feel like silk. Camel hair fiber contains little pith, good hand feeling and high gloss, and its fiber structure does not contain scales, which is more suitable for worsted fabric processing. Suli alpacas are quite rare in the world, and white alpacas are even rarer. There are only more than 100000 in the world. In 2000, there were less than 30 alpacas in the United States, 500 in Australia and 30 in New Zealand. Suli alpaca wool has cashmere-like softness, silky luster, strong warm-keeping function and durability, and is suitable for dyeing in many colors. Can be used for: high-end men's and women's fashion, coats, sweaters and exhibits, as well as professional indoor fabrics and textiles.
Huakayo Alpaca Hair (4 pieces)
Huakaya alpaca: Huakaya alpaca is the main alpaca species in the world, accounting for 94% of the world's total. Wakaya alpaca cashmere is easier to process; Vakaya cashmere can be divided into many grades. Because of the curl of cashmere, the wakaya alpaca looks like a round animal, giving people a fluffy feeling. Wakaya alpaca wool is similar to merino wool, but it feels softer and comparable to cashmere. Vakaya fluff is widely used in a variety of fiber processing industries, and is most suitable for making fine suit fabrics, as well as knitted garments, blankets, knitwear and blended yarns with other natural fibers. Vakaya alpaca wool is the most popular raw material source of alpaca fabric in the world today.
Panda in Alpaca (6 photos)
Alternative species: A lovely Macey alpaca, black and white alpaca, was born successfully in the new exhibition area of Hangzhou Zoo on 20 13- 10-25. The little guy is very cute and inherits the "coat color" of his parents. The hair on its trunk is black, like mother; The hair on the neck, forehead, nose and chin is white, like its father.
After the official Weibo of Hangzhou Zoo sent this lovely picture, netizens exclaimed: "Wow, the panda in the alpaca!" Some netizens said it was black and white like Oreo cookies. [6]
One acre of grassland can raise as many as 10 alpacas, and they will not uproot grass or other plants, so they are considered more suitable for pasture farming than most livestock. Alpacas can be farmed as long as there are specific pastures and hay in winter. Orchard is a good choice. In fact, most breeders will feed some feed, and pregnant or alpaca-carrying female camels will naturally enjoy this treatment. Insecticide pills or pesticides should be fed every 30 days, and most breeders will also add some minerals, because these drugs can effectively ensure that the helminth content in each alpaca is moderate. [7]
Disease prevention and control
Alpacas can only be cut once a year, so don't get dirty when you cut them. Before shearing, alpacas should be kept in a fence without any dirt for at least 4 hours, without eating or drinking. Prevent three kinds of pollution: one is natural pollution, the other is external pollution, and the third is dirty pollution in daily nursing.
Natural pollution mainly refers to the colored hairs on the white alpaca, because these hairs cannot be dyed into light-colored textiles. Yellow hair is formed by the long-term accumulation of lanolin and sweat gland secretions, and the pollution of feces and urine is also naturally formed. Careful nursing and feeding habits can try to avoid these problems.
External pollution is mainly caused by the living environment of alpacas, including grass, grass seeds, thorn fruit, straw, twigs, bark and other factors. [7]
Choose a farm
The first step is to build an alpaca shed.
First of all, we should consider preparing enough space for alpacas and designing suitable for them. Geographical location will affect the design of the barn. In the north of the United States, closed barns are generally used to prevent extreme cold and strong winds, while in the south, barns surrounded by three sides are more suitable for summer breezes. Alpacas can resist cold weather, but they need to find a cool place in hot weather. The air conditioner can be installed in the innermost part of the barn, which can blow cold air to all corners, especially helping pregnant alpacas to spend the hot summer. Some alpacas even lie under the air conditioner and by the sink all day, and come out to eat grass in the morning and evening. They are called "barn potatoes". [7]
The fence and door of the barn should be designed to drive alpacas from one pasture to another, and there should also be a fence for catching alpacas or vaccinating alpacas, as long as the door is designed to be open, so as to achieve the dual purpose. 10 ~ 15, the suitable size is 15×20 feet. Pie-style design can effectively use each door to reach all areas of the barn, usually divided into a certain number of partitions, so that sometimes alpacas have to move from one grassland to another, even the most fertile grassland can not stand overgrazing, especially in the long winter.
Every corral can use an automatic drinking water system, which is cheap and easy to install, and alpacas can enjoy sufficient water at any time. Alpacas can be fed collectively in separate barrels or long troughs. Some alpacas may eat more than others, so it may be wise to open a few long slots on the fence. [7]
The second step is to build a fence.
The fence should be able to prevent other animals from attacking and alpacas from escaping. Fences can be made of steel pipes or other solid materials. The height of the fence should be 2.5-3m, and the spacing between each steel pipe is about 10 cm.
The third step is to choose the appropriate grassland.
This step is particularly important. Only fertile and clean grasslands can raise alpacas with high quality cashmere. [7]
Breeding and seed selection
Female alpacas are generally bred at the age of 12 months, and llamas are generally at the age of 18 months. A healthy and fertile female alpaca can give birth to a baby alpaca every year, which can continue to breed 15 ~ 16 years.
Alpacas can get pregnant at any time under the condition of inducing eggs. Generally, most mating is arranged in spring and summer to avoid giving birth in winter.
Alpacas are singletons, with a long gestation period (342-345 days) and a high abortion rate in the first month, so the alpaca reproduction rate is low. Therefore, improving the reproduction rate of alpaca is the main problem in the development of alpaca breeding industry. [2]
Female alpacas generally breed at the age of 12 months, and llamas generally breed at the age of 18 months. A healthy and fertile female alpaca can give birth to a baby alpaca every year, and can continue to breed to 15 ~ 16. The gestation period is usually about 1 1.5 months or 335 days, and it may be longer if it is the first time. Suffering from any form of stress will lead to abortion of female alpacas, which is also a big problem. Multiple births are quite rare. Mating is usually carried out under manual control to ensure accurate recording.
First, male and female alpacas are put in a separate enclosure. If the alpaca lies down, it is ready to mate. In general, mating usually takes 20 to 40 minutes. Alpacas are guaranteed to get pregnant at any time under the condition of inducing eggs. Generally, most mating is arranged in spring and summer to avoid giving birth in winter. Male alpacas will induce egg expulsion during mating. [7]
Seven days after the first mating, the male alpaca was led to the female alpaca again. If the female alpaca saw it, she ran away on the ground, indicating that she was pregnant. At 60 days, the pregnancy status was detected by ultrasound. The practice of introducing male alpacas into female alpacas is called "saliva secretion method", which can run through the whole pregnancy, and sometimes blood tests can be used to measure the increased hormones. In Australia, there are also some embryo transfer and artificial insemination that have not been successful. Alpacas usually give birth during the day, and the young alpacas can stand up after 2 hours. Many breeders will cover alpacas in the first few days, especially when the weather is unstable.
At present, advanced scientific and technological means are mainly used to improve the reproduction rate of alpacas. Through the research of experts, these advanced technologies such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and progesterone implantation are expected to be helpful to alpaca breeding in the future. [4]
Matters needing attention
Alpacas can only be cut once a year, and alpacas that have grown for 365 days can be cut in two or three days. The importance that alpaca owners attach to alpaca shearing can reflect whether alpaca wool sells well or not. [8]
1998 alpaca wool yield is extremely low. Because there has been no sunny day. Remember: never cut your hair wet! Adequate preparation before shearing is very important for the smooth shearing of alpaca hair, and the same precautions are also applicable to large-scale shearing and personal shearing. All personnel are arranged in advance, the division of labor is detailed and clear, the scissors are all ready, and the procedures are drawn up in advance to avoid mistakes. [8]
First of all, don't dirty alpaca hair. Before shearing, alpacas should be kept for at least 4 hours, and there should be no dirt in the pen, and they should not eat or drink. There are usually three kinds of pollution laws: one is natural, the other is external pollution, and the third is dirty in the daily nursing process.