One, the technical barriers to food safety
Residue maximum limit standards are to protect human health, to ensure food safety "technical barriers". The determination of the maximum residue limit is based on the premise that "the residue of the relevant substances in the food to ensure human health and safety without doubt". The high yield of agricultural products and the safety of food often present a contradictory relationship of unity of opposites: data show that, among the factors that increase the yield of agricultural products, chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers account for 70% of the total harvest, which is invaluable in guaranteeing the safety of the food supply; however, the incorrect use of pesticides and fertilizers can endanger the health of human beings and animals, as well as endanger the ecosystem. In addition to the use of chemical pesticides can bring direct harm, but also through biological enrichment in the body to form a high level of residue, and then through the food chain harm to human health, the residue of the "three" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic) has attracted great attention to the hazards of less than 20 years, the incidence of cancer in China has increased by 69 percent! In less than 20 years, the incidence of cancer in China has risen by 69%, the mortality rate has increased by 29.4%, and the number of deformed babies has increased. Therefore, the development of strict maximum residue limit standards is to ensure food safety, health protection, the construction of "safe food basket project" an important measure, clear technical standards can be started from the market access to guard food safety fairly.
Second, the green barriers to international trade
Maximum residue standards are the new trade conservatism in international trade "green barriers". Although an important purpose of the WTO is "to reach mutually beneficial agreements, substantial reduction and elimination of tariffs and other barriers to trade, and to eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade", but the countries in the actual operation of the WTO in compliance with a variety of agreements, are from the maintenance of their own national interests to the agreement to the provisions of the use of a good use of the full. As the "maximum residue limit standards" and related "sampling procedures and testing method standards" in food belong to the "food safety" and "environmental protection" measures, according to the WTO, the "maximum residue limit standards" and related "sampling procedures and testing method standards" belong to the "food safety" and "environmental protection" measures. According to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the Uruguay Round of the WTO, countries have the right to adopt such measures to the extent they deem appropriate in order to protect the health of their people, animals and plants as well as the environment. As a result, many developed countries often adopt non-tariff and demanding technical standards while cutting tariffs and other non-tariff barriers to trade. In a sense, barriers to international trade in agricultural products have evolved into "environmental standards" and "food standards" as the leading "green barriers" (also known as environmental barriers, green barriers to trade, technical barriers, etc.). (also known as environmental barriers, green barriers to trade, technical barriers, etc.), which is the resurgence of trade conservatism, the rise of new trade conservatism with "green barriers" as the main means. "Maximum residue limit standards" and related "sampling procedures and testing method standards" are the most commonly used "green barriers" standards, developed countries often use such standards to restrict imports and protect their agricultural markets from foreign countries.
Faced with the challenge of a new market for agricultural commodities, the government of the United States is now in the process of implementing a green barrier.
Faced with the "World Trade Organization" (WTO) of the new conditions, how to take the initiative in international trade, in the international trade market of agricultural products to gain a foothold in the research and mastery of international agricultural products in the main market food safety standards is very important. Only by knowing the enemy and knowing ourselves, and organizing the production and processing of exported agricultural products in a targeted manner can we ensure that the quality of our products meets the food safety standards of the imported places. For example, in recent years, the export of tea from China to the European Union has slipped a great deal, mainly because of the serious exceeding of the standard of cypermethrin (Fenvalerat and Es-fenvalerat), and the current standard of the European Union is the maximum limit value of 0.05mg/kg of its residues. The maximum limit value of its residue in the current EU standard is 0.05mg/kg, and the comparison found that the maximum limit value of the residue of deltamethrin and cypermethrin is higher, which is 5.00mg/kg and 0.50mg/kg respectively, and replacing the use of cypermethrin with these two pesticides can achieve the same plant protection effect, and it is easy to pass the EU standard, and this approach has become the most important method for our tea export. This approach has become one of the important measures for the export of tea from China to the EU. At the same time, the international standard of food safety can be used as a reference for the development and improvement of China's relevant standards. By comparing the commonly used pesticides in our trading partners and our country, we can make a comparison of "he has me without", "he has more and I have less", "he has more and I have less", "he has more and I have less", "he has more and I have less", "he has more and I have less". Through the comparison of trade partners and China's commonly used pesticides, "he has, I have no", "he more I less", "he heavy I second" pesticides from the high and strict determination of international standards in line with the maximum limit of residues and detection methods, can be effective to exceed the standard of agricultural products outside the country, the protection and development of China's agriculture.
Three, the increasing green barriers
Residue maximum limit standards have become a new "trade war" the main means.
International trade competition in the operability of environmental protection and food hygiene standards are becoming increasingly stringent, and practical technical barriers to build higher and higher. Now, in the international trade of agricultural products, not only to detect the residual amount of relevant substances, and ecological standards and production conditions standards have become the quality and safety standards of agricultural products, "due to unqualified ecological environment and production conditions of product quality problems" is the main reason for China's exports of agricultural products are blocked. In recent years, China's tea exports suffered a setback, and tea imports more stringent maximum residue standards, the EU since July 1, 2000 on imports of tea to implement the new maximum residue standards, check the project by the 1980s 6 kinds of expansion of the 62 kinds of the present, seriously restricting China's tea exports to the EU.
Four, the continuous improvement of technical barriers
Residue maximum limit standards in the trade demand and social demand for continuous revision and improvement. On the one hand, the international agricultural market has developed into a "buyer's market", in order to protect the domestic market for agricultural products, in line with the WTO principles of technical standards are becoming more and more stringent. On the other hand, with the improvement of living standards, people's new requirements for food safety, residue hazards of the new research, new understanding of the technical standards in practice, constantly revised and improved to keep pace with the times, in order to ensure that the residues limit the types and quantities of restrictions and the world's scientific and technological development of synchronization.
China's food safety standards for the construction of a late start, for a long time the main focus on the growth of the number of agricultural products, agricultural products, the quality of agricultural products has not been placed in an important position, with the rapid development of the economy, the past 10 years on the maximum limits of pesticide residues and other standards for the construction of the pace has accelerated significantly. China has promulgated 50 kinds of fruit-related pesticide residue limits of national standards, the development of pollution-free agricultural products origin ecological environment quality standards, pollution-free vegetable product quality standards, pollution-free vegetable safety requirements, pollution-free vegetable production guidelines for the use of fertilizers, pesticides, guidelines for the rational use of 79 kinds of pesticides in the 32 kinds (types) of agricultural by-products of 197 pesticide maximum residue limits of national standards, and so on. However, China's residue determination method standards and maximum limit standards are not coordinated and systematic enough, and fruit-related 50 kinds of pesticide residue limit standards, there are still 21 kinds of pesticides do not provide test procedures and methods, can not detect the amount of residue, but also can not evaluate whether it is more than the maximum limit standards. Therefore, in the revision and improvement of China's technical standards, attention should be paid to the "determination of method standards" and "maximum limit standards" supporting the coordination and operability; targeted implementation of China's environmental strategy, the systematic establishment of a sound system of technical standards that can truly protect and develop China's agricultural products market; to target the implementation of China's environmental strategy, systematic establishment of a sound system of technical standards that can really protect and develop China's Agricultural market technical standards system; to shorten the gap with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization and other international standards as soon as possible, as soon as possible and international standards.