Qian Li was born in October 1915 in Huashu Town, Jiangyin County, Jiangsu Province, in a family of rural teachers. As a teenager, the rich humanities of the southern region of Jiangsu Province, and the cultivation and sharpening of the poverty-stricken life of the scholar's family and the strict discipline of the court, made the belief that "if not as a good minister, then as a good doctor" y rooted in the heart of this countryside scholar. In this family, the first eldest son became a doctor, that is, China's famous epidemiologist, medical educator, former vice president of the First Medical College of Shanghai, Chongqing Medical College President Professor Qian Qian (1906~2006); by the influence of his elder brother and financial support, Qian Li subsequently also embarked on the path of medical practice. A poor rural family, out of the two later well-known medical school dean and National People's Congress, can not help but admire the countryside instructor has "accumulation of wealth tens of millions of dollars, not as good as the thin skills in the body" focus on children's education of the profound vision.
After studying at the Shanghai Medical College, Qian Li in the Japanese invasion of China in the war in a long period of dislocation, extremely difficult environment, accepted a number of China's most outstanding on the medical school at the time of the founding masters of modern medical education and rigorous training. The school spirit of "respect for science and respect for patients" of his alma mater gradually cultivated his ethics in practicing and studying medicine, and also enabled him to form the personal trait of endless struggle that benefited him throughout his life. Especially Qian Li's family of four brothers and sisters-in-law were killed by Japanese invaders at the same time, the national hatred and family hatred made him form a strong sense of justice in his youth. After graduating from the Shanghai Medical College in 1941, Qian Li worked at the Central Hospital in Chongqing and Guiyang. At that time, the living conditions in the rear of the country were extremely difficult, but the Shanghai Medical College and the Central Hospital in Chongqing concentrated a group of China's modern medical pioneers and elite strength. As a young surgeon, Qian Li received direct guidance and beatings from Shen Kefei, Wang Lixiang, Prof. Huang Jia Yi and other famous surgeons there, and received the most rigorous and basic training in all aspects of governance, conduct, and even human behavior. Subsequently, he was assigned to join the Chinese Red Cross Ambulance Corps at Guiyang Central Hospital, and worked with the Chinese Expeditionary Army in the border areas of Baoshan and Mangshi, and entered Burma to join the sacred anti-Japanese battle of opening up the Yunnan-Burma Road, where he treated countless wounded and civilians during his more than a year-long field surgical team, and at the same time honed his own field surgical skills. After the end of the war, Qian Li returned to the mainland and was transferred to Nanjing Central Hospital (now the predecessor of Nanjing Military General Hospital), which was a first-class hospital at that time, so that he gained insights, broadened his horizons, familiarized himself with the clinical characteristics of abdominal surgery and mastered a variety of classic surgical procedures, and possessed the ability to work as a single person. 1947, Qian Li came to Hangzhou in search of a greater development in his career. He first joined the Hangzhou Citizen's Hospital, and later joined the Zhejiang University School of Medicine (renamed Zhejiang Medical College in the early 1950s after faculty restructuring). 1958 he was transferred to Wenzhou Medical College, where he worked for 26 years, and then transferred back to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University in 1983. 1993 he was approved by the Ministry of Personnel of the People's Republic of China as "deferred retirement, continuing to be engaged in the research work", so he has been working as a doctor of abdominal surgery, and he has been a member of the Department of Medicine. In 1993, the Ministry of Personnel approved a "temporary retirement, continue to engage in research and writing work", so he has been serving as a professor of Zhejiang University, Department of Medicine, until his death.
In the early 1950s, Qian Li worked in the Department of Surgery at the Second Hospital Affiliated to the Zhejiang Medical College, where he served as the director of the General Theory of Surgery teaching and research group.
He was also a pioneer of surgical oncology in Zhejiang, and in the mid-1950s, he sent doctors from his department out for further training, and started to purchase additional equipment to set up the Department of Oncology in the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, organizing clinical, pathological and radiological treatments for tumors. The department later became the technical foundation of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, the earliest tumor hospital in China, and many of the backbones of the department later became famous oncologists all over the country.
In the autumn of 1958, Qian Lifeng was transferred to South Zhejiang to participate in the founding of Wenzhou Medical College, which was undoubtedly a great blow to his ambition to devote himself to the cause of surgical oncology. However, he unconditionally obeyed the organizational transfer and devoted himself to the new medical, teaching and scientific research work under the extremely difficult working and living conditions. In his medical practice, he y realized that most of the primary hospitals at that time mainly focused on abdominal surgery, so he resolutely shifted the focus of his practice to abdominal surgery again, and tirelessly explored, pondered and summarized in this field, further accumulating a wealth of clinical experience. Under his leadership, the general surgery department of Wen Medical Affiliated Hospital has greatly improved its business level.
During his 26 years of work in Wenzhou, Qian Li traveled all over the hills and mountains of southern Zhejiang, and made countless visits to the grassroots level for consultation, guidance of difficult surgeries and rescue of critically ill patients. He worked tirelessly, indifferent to fame and fortune, everything from the patient's needs, to relieve the people of southern Zhejiang at that time the transportation is closed, the conditions are difficult to make a positive contribution to the people's pain.
Qian Li is an excellent medical educator, he and his colleagues in a large piece of paddy field outside the south gate of Wenzhou, Wenzhou Medical College, the first institution of higher learning in southern Zhejiang. Successively taught "General Surgery" and "Surgery" and other courses for several decades, he lectured with good guidance, in-depth, good at mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning, welcomed by students and praised. The vivid scenes of his lectures are even still y imprinted in the memories of the students forty or fifty years ago, and are still enjoyed by them.
Qian Li in the Zhejiang Medical College, director of the General Theory of Surgery teaching and research group, it is very clear that the preparation and adoption of their own teaching materials is to improve the ability of teachers and teaching quality of the important basic construction. 1953 he wrote his own 380,000-word General Theory of Surgery lectures, praised by his peers.
In 1955, colleges and universities began to use unified textbooks, and the General Theory of Surgery used at that time was edited by Rufanov of the USSR. In the teaching practice, Qian Li found that the textbook has many inappropriate and fallacies, so, in 1956, at the risk of great political risk, he published in the Chinese Journal of Surgery "read Rufanov General Surgery book" book review, the textbook's deficiencies and even principle of the error of one by one to put forward a pertinent criticism, showing his academic conscience and moral courage. After the article was published, it had a repercussion in the domestic and foreign scientific and academic circles.
Shortly after arriving at Wenzhou, the working environment and reality made him develop the idea of filling the gaps in the domestic monograph on abdominal surgery, and soon put it into action. From the beginning of the idea, write an outline, collect information to repeated revisions, after six years of night and day, blood work, by the Shanghai First Medical College of Surgery Shen Kefei, Cui Zhiyi two professors to review the 1.3 million words, hundreds of illustrations of the "Abdominal Surgery" off the page, but just as the Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House has been the manuscript typesetting, proofreading, ten years of turmoil began, the book's publication is also a stop! The book was published in seven years.
In 1973, Abdominal Surgery was finally published, and the first print run of 80,000 copies was sold out. This is one of the earlier monographs published in the field of abdominal surgery in China, which has influenced a generation of general surgeons in their sixties today and has been widely cited by many scholars in their dissertations and writings. Many general surgeons have been taught by studying this book. Prof. Huang Jiefu, a renowned surgeon and Vice Minister of Health, recalled that he read Qian's monograph as a desk book at any time. More basic general surgeons regarded it as a blessing to get a copy of Abdominal Surgery and studied it from time to time, gradually familiarizing themselves with the key points in the book and guiding the younger generation of general surgeons with the principles and experiences presented in the book. This book has allowed Qian Li to form a mentor-student relationship with countless young and middle-aged general surgeons across the country whom he had never met before. As one reader put it: When I read this monograph carefully, I could not express my admiration and worship for Qian.
General surgery, which focuses on abdominal surgery, has a long history of development and covers a wide range of diseases that are not only unpredictable but also unpredictable and risky, making it more difficult to achieve pioneering results compared with other specialties in the field of surgery. Qian Li has been working in the clinical field for a long time, he is good at thinking about cases and summarizing systematic theories, and at the same time, he is good at absorbing academic nutrients from others, including foreign literature, to form his own insights. The publication of Abdominal Surgery is the crystallization of his practice and thinking. For each disease covered in the book, especially for many chapters on acute abdomen in abdominal surgery, he almost always vividly introduces his own diagnosis and treatment experience or lessons learned, and utilizes a large number of cases and data to demonstrate various views at home and abroad, and even if they are contrary to his personal opinion, he also introduces them factually, and clearly points out the shortcomings or limitations of certain views and methods, and draws the readers' attention to them in practice. He has convinced the readers with his diligence, rigor, truth-seeking, erudite spirit of governance and profound and unique academic insights.
Since then, he has written and published Abdominal Surgery - 2nd Edition (1.6 million words, 1982), Breast Diseases (400,000 words, 1983), and Thyroid Diseases (400,000 words, 1984); and edited Modern General Surgery and other monographs.
Diagnostic Ideas and Treatment Procedures of Surgical Diseases (1st ed., 510,000 words, 1994; 2nd ed., 680,000 words, 2000) is another masterpiece of Qian Li in his later years. He believed that the "differential diagnosis" used in clinical practice up to now has many limitations, and pointed out that "instead of making a different diagnosis for a difficult case, it is better to have a unified understanding of how to deal with it step by step, and to clarify the lesion gradually during the process of dealing with it". In the process of treatment, the truth of the lesion should be clarified step by step", and put forward a brand new "analysis diagnosis", and emphasized that the correct treatment should be made by considering the riskiness of the operation, the rate of benefit and the patient's tolerance. The medical education should pay attention to the systematic training of the relevant ability from the beginning of the school students.
In addition to these monographs, Qian Li also published dozens of papers. He wrote more than six million words on his own, making him one of the most prolific authors in modern Chinese surgery. Among these works, the two that he himself valued most were Abdominal Surgery and Diagnostic Thoughts and Management Procedures of Surgical Diseases, and he became famous throughout the country for the important academic impact of these monographs.
In the spring of 2006, "Qian Li Abdominal Surgery" was published by the People's Health Publishing House, one of the few monographs bearing the name of a medical doctor, with Prof. Qian Li as the chief examiner, and academician Zheng Shusen, Prof. Zhang Qiyu, and other nationally renowned middle-aged general surgeons, as co-authors. The editorial board members believe that the two editions of Prof. Qian Li's original book on clinical diagnosis and treatment principles and lessons learned are still what the surgical community should follow and learn from. The original work is so profound, and its style is so unique, so in addition to adding some new basic theories and technological innovations, it basically retains the original style, order of chapters and content unchanged, which well reflects the inheritance and development of the original work. Prof. Qian Li was the deputy head of the advisory group of the third and fourth councils of the Zhejiang Provincial Medical Association, the honorary president of the fifth to seventh councils, and a senior member of the association.
He has always been enthusiastically concerned about the work of the Surgery Branch of Zhejiang Province, and has been actively involved in organizing the activities of the Surgery Branch during the long period of 26 years from 1978 to the end of 2003. He paid attention to the development of academic democracy, united the colleagues of the Surgery Branch, carefully planned and organized every academic activity of the Branch, closely focusing on the latest advances in the discipline and the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases and frequent occurrences of academic exchanges, so that the participants can get the benefits of teaching and promoting the development of general surgery in the province.
In order to strengthen the demonstration role of provincial and Hangzhou municipal hospitals in the province's general surgery, he advocated the development of general surgery in Hangzhou hospitals to carry out fellowship activities. He has long insisted on taking part in the general surgery department of five Hangzhou tertiary hospitals, including Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Hangzhou First Hospital, organizing and carrying out planned seminars, dividing up the work and concentrating on the formation of the wisdom of the clinical hot spots, difficult disease diagnosis and treatment norms in the **** knowledge, and then through the annual meeting and other forms of promotion to the whole province.
In order to expand exchanges and enhance the status of general surgery research in Zhejiang, he proposed the establishment of a surgical collaboration group in six provinces and one city in East China. This organization carries out activities on a regular basis and forms a good interaction with academic activities in Zhejiang, promoting the general surgery community in Zhejiang to better develop their vision and go nationwide.
In the academic activities, Qian Li has influenced and educated young and middle-aged surgeons with his rigorous academic thinking, profound academic attainments and compassionate heart to treat patients and save lives, and his tireless master's demeanor has strengthened the interest and determination of young physicians to dedicate themselves to the surgical career.
Qian Li united the Surgery Branch to carry out fruitful academic exchange activities, making it one of the most dynamic branches of the Zhejiang Provincial Medical Association, and laying a solid foundation for the work of the successors. Qian Li is a deputy to the Sixth and Seventh National People's Congress, a member of the Seventh and Eighth Central Committee of the Jiu San Society and a senator of the Central Committee. He actively participated in politics, offered advice and suggestions, and assumed the social responsibility expected of an intellectual. To this day, many people still clearly remember a sudden scene at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Session of the National People's Congress in April 1988: after a plenary session of the Congress entered the speaking program, he was the first one to raise his hand and stand up to speak, questioning the absence of members of the Western medicine sector in the UNESCO and Health Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which was without precedent in the political life of the country at that time - How courageous it was! -What courage it took! This move stunned our family and many of our acquaintances and colleagues who were watching the live television broadcast of the Congress, and became a hot topic in the media for a while. He responded by saying, "I was only thinking about the interests of the country and nothing else". The proposal was later adopted and Prof. Wu Jieping was added to the committee.
Qian Li had been the director of the Zhejiang Provincial Senior Health Technology Position Evaluation Committee and the director of the Zhejiang Provincial Medical Accident Appraisal Committee for many years. In the face of these two scientific, policy-oriented task, he has always been impartial, for the smooth development of these two important work in Zhejiang Province has contributed his great strength. Though in his eighties and nineties, Qian Li still continues to dedicate himself to the community in his own small way. He has repeatedly taken the initiative to donate generously to the Red Cross and Charity Federation and other organizations to help those in need. In recent years, after donating 20,000 yuan to the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, he donated 15,000 yuan to the Yushu earthquake disaster area, and in February 2011, at the age of 97, Prof. Qian Li was honored as "Advanced Individual in Disaster Resistance and Relief" issued by Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. After his death, the Hangzhou Red Cross posthumously awarded him the "Humanitarian and Fraternal Devotion Award". From Prof. Qian Li's clinical practice and writings, we can clearly see the lineage of his academic thinking. He especially emphasized that doctors should be based on the actual situation of the patient, and master the three links of "searching for the truth in a focused and meticulous, differential diagnosis and dealing with the problem of dialectical thinking"; especially emphasized that surgical treatment must ensure the patient's current safety and take care of the long-term results, these "all from the patient's actual" exposition reflects that "all from the patient's actual". These discussions of "starting from the patient's reality" reflect the philosophical basis of his academic thinking of "seeking truth from facts". He repeatedly emphasized that surgeons should have a meticulous scientific attitude, logical and dialectical thinking, follow the principles and pay attention to details, standardize the treatment and be adaptable, etc., and these statements also show the rich connotation of his academic quality and thinking art to the fullest extent. We can see that the academic ideas he developed through his creative labor are highly compatible with the essence of "evidence-based medicine" put forward after the 1990s, and thus have had a significant impact on the scientific community outside China.
For a long time, academic debate in China was often politicized. Speaking the truth in academia can potentially cause trouble or even invite disaster. In order to dare to adhere to the truth in academia and correct fallacies, not only do we need the ability to discern truth from falsehood, but we also need the moral courage to speak the truth. Qian Li is a model who dares to tell the truth in academics, not only on the top but also on the ocean. Today, there is no longer any political risk in telling the truth in academia, but the fear of offending some "authorities" or sacrificing one's personal interests is also questioning the conscience of every scholar.
Qian Li once said, "There is a kind of pleasure in writing a book, pouring out one's own unique insights, and refining many regularities. Only by teaching readers to analyze and solve problems on their own, and then master the ability to learn by example, truly benefiting readers, in order to reflect the value of academic work, which is precisely what Qian Li tirelessly pursued, in his writings, so that readers are touched by the highlights abound. On the contrary, in today's academic world, the wind of flashy and unrealistic is prevalent, and it is not strange to see the writings of the East and the West, and even plagiarism and plagiarism of the results of others. Such a text, compared to the spirit of Professor Qian Li, should feel ashamed.
Qian Li ninety-eight years of life and academic path reflects the ups and downs of Chinese history in the past hundred years, there are ups and downs, there are trials and tribulations, and even once had to give up their own beloved emerging specialty. However, "not being materialistic" made him defend the dignity of science and academics, and "not following the trend" made him always find new academic focuses and come out with his own new academic path. People need to have a little spirit. In his long academic career, he has always been able to maintain vitality, relying on the spirit of never-ending struggle.
Because of his advanced age, Qian Li gradually faded out of professional activities after 2004. Today's amazing advances in modern medicine also seem to have made some of his brilliantly specific theses less visible than they were back then. However, the set of principles he set out to demand of surgeons, and indeed of any clinician, are still extremely relevant today. Even the most advanced computer programs cannot replace the analysis of the doctor's mind, and the courage to practice and think hard are always the basic qualities of a good doctor, as well as the patients' demands on us. This is also the most valuable inspiration left by Qian Li's academic thinking.
The success of Qian Li's career was inseparable from the full support of his wife, Ms. Zhao Yunhe (1920~1999). Especially during the twenty-six years when he worked alone in Wenzhou away from his family, against the background of the Great Leap Forward, three years of natural disasters and ten years of turmoil, Mrs. Qian had to complete the heavy work of anesthesiologist at the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Medical Science, as well as manage the household affairs of a large family left in Hangzhou, and take up the responsibility of taking care of a number of elderly people at home and nurturing her four children. Without complaint, she relieved Prof. Qian Li's worries so that he could focus on his career without any distractions. Qian Li's accomplishments are steeped in his wife's heart and soul. She combines the virtues of a traditional Chinese woman with those of a modern professional woman, and is a worthy assistant to Qian Li.
Professor Qian Li's greatest joy in his old age was that many of his children and grandchildren took up the path of medicine: several of his children worked diligently on the clinical front for decades, and their excellent medical skills, and even their rich writings, can be said to be successful in their careers; and his grandchildren, the eldest grandson, became a nephrologist in the United States, and his second grandson is engaged in general surgery in China, which is a direct successor to Qian Li's specialty. Qian Li undoubtedly played a key role in their career choices. Even though the current state of doctor-patient relations in China is disappointing, and many doctors' descendants have given up "following in their father's footsteps," their children and grandchildren have gained the conviction from Qian Li that doctoring will always be a noble profession. "Learning has no end, the case must be more thinking, rational analysis, should be able to avoid misdiagnosis; medicine is a kind of art, as patients as family and friends, weighing the gains and losses, should be able to avoid misdiagnosis," we will remember Qian Li's legacy, and strive to be a good doctor like him.
China has undergone a sea change, the social and historical conditions that created the colorful and charming personality of the old Chinese intellectuals of Qian Li's generation no longer exist. In the face of such a highly materialistic and technological social environment in which we live, how should our generation of today's doctors and scholars shape their own brilliance? This is another questionnaire left by Prof. Qian Li, a strict teacher, to the future generations.