The operational definition of sketching: the use of a single color to express changes in brightness. Painting tools and in the picture carrier in accordance with certain drawing principles and intentionally shaping the shape of the object art activities. Then the next to share some knowledge about sketching points summarized, I hope to help you. ''
Summary of sketching knowledge
1, form
Form is the external form of the objective object in space. Any object is distinguished from others by its specific form. Form belongs to the basic basis for sketching and modeling and invariant factors.
The understanding of form, we can also break it down into two factors: shape and volume. Shape refers to the visual appearance of the plane; volume refers to the three-dimensional volume of space. In sketching, these two have their own independent meaning and value, but also complementary, inseparable pair of unity.
Form is the external image of the volume, and the volume must be shaped to reflect. Therefore, we can also understand the shape of the form as a shape with volume. This means that our understanding of form in the basic modeling elements of sketching, to establish the concept of three-dimensional space.
Any complex form can be summarized into a few basic geometric forms, which are: cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones. In our daily lives, there are more objects that are combinations of geometric shapes in different forms.
When we look at the object, we should first pay attention to the overall presentation of the basic shape. If the basic shape of the object is different, the physical characteristics of the object will be different.
The basic shape is the image of the relationship, grasp the basic shape of the object, to seize its physical characteristics. And accurately grasp the physical characteristics of the object will lay the foundation for sketching modeling.
2. Structure
The form in sketching mainly refers to the physical characteristics of the object, while the structure mainly refers to the internal structure of the object and the combination of relationships. Form and structure are the relationship between appearance and content. Structure is the internal basis for the formation of the foreign trade of the object, and without understanding it, it is impossible to accurately grasp a series of external characteristics of the object.
In sketching, the structure contains two aspects: one is the anatomical structure or compositional structure; the second is the structure of the form
The anatomical relationship between the human body and the animal's skeleton and muscles is the anatomical structure. Familiarize yourself with the understanding of anatomy, is the basis of figure modeling. Other objects of the internal composition of the framework and its composition of the relationship called the composition of the structure, is the internal basis of the image of the body.
The structural relationship of the object in the painting, mainly in the face of its basic physical characteristics, so that it is easy to understand and grasp the complex structural relationship, conducive to the image of the shape of the volume. This concept of formalization of structure is referred to as formal structure or geometric structure.
Three-dimensional is a collection of surfaces, which is the basic point of view of modern painting expression of three-dimensional and space. Therefore, the grasp of the three-dimensional image in sketching usually begins with the division of the surface, which is a generalization of the object form and an analysis of the structure.
The generalization of the surface constitutes the three-dimensional framework of the object. Forms that are round or close to round can also be shaped with generalized facets. The face of the square can more accurately grasp the overall relationship of the circle. The so-called modeling rather square than round is also to generalize and accurately shape the three-dimensional image.
3, proportionality
The structure of the image, shape and other modeling factors reflected in the appearance of the form must be linked to a certain scale, the different scale relationships are expressed as a certain proportionality.
The shape of any object is linked to a certain proportion, the proportion changes, the shape of the object is also side. Therefore, the basic proportion of the error, will inevitably lead to the structure, the shape of the understanding and expression of the error.
In the beginning of sketching, the significance of proportions is especially important, and the accuracy or inaccuracy of the image is often due to the correctness of the proportional relationship.
The concept of proportion in sketching can also refer to the proportionality of the size of each object; the proportionality of the part of the same object to the whole, and between the local and the local; the proportion of the tone of the dark and dark levels of the ratio of the relationship, etc.
In sketching, the proportionality of the image is the same as the proportion of the whole.
The observation of the proportion of the form should not be mechanical, stereotypical comparison, should pay attention to three-dimensional objects in a certain angle and perspective changes in the proportionality of the relationship. To pay attention to the comparison in each other to seize the ratio of the image, especially large, the overall image of the proportionality of the relationship, and should not stay in the local to overly calculate the proportion of the trivial details.
Beginning to learn painting can be measured with the help of tools to get the accuracy of the basic ratio, with the improvement of observation ability, should gradually abandon this method, focusing on feeling, eyesight, training the accuracy of observation ability.
4, perspective
We see the natural world of objects present near big and far small spatial phenomenon, is the phenomenon of perspective. Using scientific principles and methods to accurately represent the phenomenon of perspective on the screen, so that its image, location, space and the feeling of the real scene is the same, this is the painting perspective.
In drawing, the use of perspective is to determine the depth of the object on the screen, that is, the spatial position of the object and its various parts of the shape of the screen, is the basic factor in the painting to express the three-dimensional sense of the object and to create a spatial effect.
So, the law of perspective is an important basis for realistic modeling, mastery of the basic principles of perspective is an accurate observation, true depiction of the spatial relationship of the object on the basis.
Perspective is a more complex science, here are some simple introduction to explain.
Viewpoint The position of the painter's eyes
Line of sight The line between the point of view and the object
Field of view After the fixed point of view, the 60-degree angle of view of the range
Visual horizon Forward horizon, and the point of view, a horizontal line of equal height. The relationship between the horizon and the image: above the horizon you see the bottom surface, below the horizon you see the top surface, and if the horizon is in the middle of the image, you can't see the ground or the top surface.
Parallel perspective
Parallel perspective is when a plane directly in front of the form is parallel to the image.
Parallel perspective sees a minimum of one face and a maximum of three faces, and the edges of the form at right angles to the picture disappear from the main point
Angular perspective
One side of the form is parallel to the ground, and its elevation is at a certain angle to the picture, which is called angular perspective. Angular perspective can be seen at least two sides, to the depth of the picture extends the edge line are respectively disappeared in the left and right two remaining points.
5, light and dark
Light and dark is one of the basic elements of sketching, is an important factor in depicting the three-dimensional and spatial effects of the object.
Any object in the light will show a certain relationship between light and dark. The strength of the light source, the distance from the light source and the different angles of illumination, will make the image of different light and dark. Light is a prerequisite for the formation of dark and light objects, but also the external factors of dark and light object changes.
Objects in a certain angle of light, will produce light and backlight part of the two contrasting, but also interlinked dark and light system. Objects of the dark and light levels can be summarized as three major surfaces, five tones, they are linked to a certain color scale relationship into a unified whole, which is the basic law of dark and light changes.
In a certain light, dark and light changes are generated by the form of the body of the body undulation, turn and turn. Therefore, light and dark at any time only belong to a specific form structure, back to the tone of light and dark change is also in the expression of the structure of the ups and downs of the changes.
Structure is the inner, essential factor, light and dark is the outer, apparent form; the structure of the form needs to be expressed through the light and dark, and the relationship between light and dark everywhere reflects the inner form of the ups and downs and structural changes.
In addition to the three-dimensionality of the image, dark and light is the main factor in the picture of the overall spatial effect, dark and light level processing and the contrast between the real and the virtual, strong and weak, is the performance of the front and rear of the five spatial relationships and the overall atmosphere of the basic means.
The artistic characteristics of drawing
By charcoal, pencil, pen, etc., to draw a monochrome picture of the object with lines of light and dark, called drawing. Monochrome watercolors and monochrome oil paintings can also be considered as drawings; traditional Chinese white drawings and ink paintings can also be called drawings. Usually speaking of sketching refers to pencil drawing and charcoal drawing. Sketching is the foundation of all painting, and it is a necessary stage in the study of the art of painting. Sketching is usually done by methods that leave marks on a flat surface, such as charcoal, pen, paintbrush, ink, and paper. Outline and line are the general terms for sketching. Sketching has a natural rhythm. Different strokes of the brush create different relationships and rhythms of lines and cuts, active and passive surroundings, planes, volumes, tones, and textures.
Drawing is a formal artistic creation that uses monochromatic lines to represent things in the intuitive world, as well as to express ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols, and even abstract forms. Instead of focusing on totality and color, as in colorful paintings, it focuses on structure and form.
Categorization of Drawing
I. Drawing from the purpose and function; generally can be divided into two categories: creative drawing and sketching.
Second, sketching in the performance of the content is divided into still life, animals, landscapes, portraits and human sketches.
Third, drawing from the perspective of the painting tradition, drawing can be divided into the Chinese realistic tradition of sketching and Western realistic tradition of sketching.
Fourth, from the concept of drawing time, sketching can be divided into long-term sketching, sketching, mimeographing and so on.
V. Drawing from the use of tools is divided into pencil, charcoal, pen, brush, ink, chalk, pen and paper or two tools interspersed with the use of sketching.
(1) Pencil sketching Pencil sketching is often the beginning of sketching practice, whether it is fine sketching or sketching, can be easily modified by the pencil to start. And practice using different marking pencils, pencil marking B indicates the blackness, that is, the amount of carbon black in the core, the larger the number of the front marking, the darker the color, and the softer and looser the texture of the lead core. It can be used to draw the darker part. H indicates the hardness, the larger the number of the previous mark, the harder the texture, and can be used to draw the light part.
Pencil sketching paper can choose to use a thicker paper drawing paper, such as 150 pounds or 200 pounds of molded paper, soft erasers, plastic erasers or high-gloss erasers are preferred. Common sketching exercises can be still life sketching, landscape sketching for practice. Beginners are best not to combine carbon and lead, because the carbon pen matt, and pencil with oil.
(2) charcoal sketching charcoal sketching charcoal is usually burned from wicker, drawing paper can choose 150 pounds or 200 pounds of molded paper, can be used for soft erasers, buns, bread, etc. as a rubbing modification. Charcoal sketching is often used plaster body as the object of practice, because the plaster statue for the purification of the object, no color, no strong texture changes, by the light irradiation, can produce a clear contrast between light and dark, beginners often by the head to start. But after proficiently mastering the drawing of the plaster body, you can try to sketch colorful vessels, drawn in black and white lines.
Summarize the knowledge points of sketching related articles :
★ The basics of sketching
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★ Basic sketching tutorials
★ Perspective points of sketching
★ Sketching primer
★ Sketching Animals Simple HD Big Picture Compendium
★ Sketching for Beginners
★ Sketching Drawing Beginner's Chart
★ Colored Pencil Sketching Beginner's Chart