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Electro-stimulant and electroconvulsive are two different things, the latter to see a disease, the former to cause injuries
Posted by |YanXiaoliu
Recently, Britain's Food and Drug Administration lost a dispute. dispute case.
The U.S. District of Columbia Circuit sued the People's Court for a 2:1 resolution_fruit, rejected the complaint FDA published a year ago a restriction, together with the claim that allows the Missouri Rodenburg Chancellor's School of Education to once again apply electrical stimulation device medical treatment itself to damage personal behavior or aggression, allows ESD to once again in the production of manufacturing, marketing and sales in foreign countries.
Based on the FDA definition, ESDs apply varying levels of electrical flow irritability based on electrode patches affixed to the skin to reduce or terminate specific personal behaviors. According to the FDA, about 40-50 people visit the JR Management Center each year to receive electrically stimulating medical treatment. Of those, most suffer from more severe childhood autism.
Graphic: In September 2010, The Guardian interviewed the Rodenburg Chancellor's School of Education and found that some of the recovering patients were "prescribed electrostimulation devices. /TheGuardian
"The JR Management Centre is the only organization in the UK that applies ESD. It has been the subject of much dissent for nearly half a century. NBC News reports that it is a day care and boarding school recovery organization that sees handicapped people over the age of five with more severe physiological growth and developmental or emotional disorders.
Since 1988, the JR Management Center has continued to apply electrically stimulating medical treatment. "This is categorized as 'aversion therapy.' When people engage in aggressive ability or self-mutilating personal behaviors, such as banging their heads against trees, throwing objects, and attacking teachers or classmates, the workman remotely controls an automatic switch that allows the machine and equipment to emit electrical irritation. To better prevent electrocution, people would automatically correct and avoid these personal behaviors, Greg Steiger, a former worker at the JR Management Center, told CNN in 2012.
Photo illustration: A worker carries a control system that can be remotely controlled to send out signals and provoke electrical stimulation. Photo taken in 2010. /CorbisviaGettyImages
"Electrically stimulating medical treatment is a very inhumane way to go. To see the narrative, it is a dose of electrical flow, passed over the limbs or forehead of the head. The person who is plugged into the electricity because of the concept to stay awake, will appear very painful feelings, like being tortured. Shanghai Mental Health Management Center, the former principal of the expert professor Wang Zucheng told the medical community, this and the standard application of neurology, "shock treatment, are two different things.
Electroshock therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, is to a certain amount of electricity flow according to the patient's head, resulting in epilepsy-like discharges in the cerebral cortex and a way to cure mental illness.
In 1940, the United Kingdom for the first time in clinical medicine, electroconvulsive therapy. After the 1950s, the rapid development of anesthetics technical, physicians can apply intravenous vascular anesthetics and muscle relaxants after the application of treatment again. Anesthetics ensure that the patient experiences a short loss of consciousness and _pain_. The application of muscle relaxants prevents physical damage from the twitching. In this way, the patient or only the toe twitch occurs.
Based on this, the "improved version" is technically called "twitch-free electroconvulsive therapy". The improved version overcomes the inadequacy of the traditional version and has been commonly used to treat mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia, according to the Improved Electroconvulsive Therapy Expert **** Knowledge.
GRAPHICAL NARRATIVE: Outpatient workers at Harvard Medical School-affiliated McLean Hospital have acted out trials of electroconvulsive therapy. The hospital's 2019 data information that it performs more than 10,000 related treatments for patients with mental illnesses like melancholy each year. /TheWallStreetJournal
Wang Zucheng expert professor emphasized that electroconvulsive therapy in many countries around the world is commonly used, commonly used electric flow, plug_in_between are "normative use. According to the "electroconvulsive therapy method expert *** knowledge", adults in general condition working voltage is 70-130V, _ between 0.1-0.5 seconds; or current intensity 90-120mA, _ between 1-3 seconds.
The cause of the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy is not established. Some inferences feel that this may be able to promote the release of 5-5 hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurological nutrient factors, norepinephrine hormone and other transmitters, to enhance the neurological nutrient data signaling, and thus improve psychiatric symptoms.
Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy (MECT) experts*** emphasize that the emergency indications for MECT include more severe self-immolation, self-injurious delusions and guilt, rigor mortis, psychotic disorders, or more severe depressive disorders during specific conditions such as pregnancy. In addition, MECT is preferred in patients with severe life-threatening psychiatric symptoms, such as major depressive episodes with life-threatening behaviors.
Sherwin B. Nuland, the late general practitioner and creator of "The Face of Death: 12 Lessons in Dying from Dr. Nuland of Yale University," gave a TED talk in 2001,*** enjoying his own experience of two electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sessions. "I was so depressed that I didn't even have the strength to rip the mattress off or get out of bed. After being hospitalized, the physician did everything he could, trying all the medicines available at that time, to no avail. As there were no more tricks, the attending physician carried out two rounds of electroconvulsive therapy for me, *** 20 times. Guaranteed for the first 0 times, I felt saved and that I could beat the blues.
Graphic: Sherwin B. Nuland gave a TED talk in 2001, describing his own "electroconvulsive therapy. /TED
Materials show that ESD has been used for smoking and alcohol cessation, drug rehab, and treatment of drug addiction. In our country, a part of the organization in violation of the provisions of the application of "electrical stimulation treatment of Internet addiction, and ESD part of the overlap. That is, according to the basic principle of "boredom treatment, without the application of anesthetics and muscle relaxants, the premise of the temple position or fingertips access to the electric level, so that 1-5mA of electric flow according to the head, so that too much online behavior management and electrical stimulation to create a condition of stimulation.
Wang Zucheng expert professor said, this practical operation violates the "diagnosis and treatment of the essence. "The key to diagnosis and treatment should have been to help people can be free from pain and suffering. And electrical stimulation treatment is in the pain of the disease is added to the mind and body severe pain. In our country is not considered the application of this approach.
The Associated Press cited several public announcements saying, "Significant complications and side effects are the key reason why the FDA banned the use of ESD.
In April 2016 and March 2020, the FDA came out twice stating, "Self-abusive and aggressive behaviors often occur in the same individual, and people with intellectual or developmental growth retardation have a higher probability of primarily exhibiting such personal behaviors. Because of their disability, these patients are unable to communicate and make their own medical decisions, making them vulnerable in the clinic. However, there is direct evidence that the application of ESD leads to numerous significant psychological and physiological risk factors, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic acute stress disorder, pain, partial burns, and institutional damage, and a high likelihood of deteriorating into violent or self-mutilating personal behaviors.
"Fifteen years later, I'm still having nightmares on a regular basis. in 2018, Jennifer took to a video platform, submitting self-reported vignettes. from 2002-2008, under the age of eighteen, she was admitted to the JR Management Center for "Behavioral intervention recovery. During that time, she escaped once when her caregivers weren't looking. When she was recaptured, she "wore an ESD.
"I wanted to wear a satchel 24 hours a day with a signal receiver inside. Inside the bag was a varying total number of cable wires and electrical levels. Caregivers use elastic cords and drive belts to tie the electrical levels to the base of everyone's thighs, calves, arms, or wrap them around their stomachs. If they felt they had to use stricter treatment, they were also tied to everyone's fingertips, feet or thigh roots. Jennifer said.
Talking about the "healing experience, Jennifer said:" very painful, the whole body muscles are suddenly pulled hard, tense to perfection. And it's like being bitten by hundreds of honey peaks together. In addition to the physical pain, more terrible is that once worn, electrical irritation at any time is likely to be gradual.
GRAPHICAL NARRATIVE: Jennifer draws a picture of what it was like to receive electrical stimulability on herself in the first place. /YouTube
In March 2020, the FDA issued a "Prohibited Use Order, stating that the direct evidence of ESD's effectiveness is low in grade, while the direct evidence of profitability of the applicable substitution plan program is strong. "ESDs pose an unscientific and real risk of disease or harm that cannot be corrected or eliminated in a number of ways by adding or changing labeling, and a ban is the appropriate measure.
The FDA indicated that the above restriction took effect on April 6 of the same year, and since then there has been a six-month buffer period to allow "those who are already receiving ESD treatment at the JR Management Center to gradually transition to the replacement program. Positively oriented individual behavioral and medication treatments have been found to be more effective in improving and counteracting self-abusive or aggressive behaviors.
"As soon as the no-use order is announced, there are parents who pull up banners and protest vehemently outside the FDA building abroad. There are also parents who, in concert with the JR Management Center, have mentioned a lawsuit to the U.S. Circuit Suit People's Court for the District of Columbia Circuit, stipulating that the restraining order be vacated.
"ESD was picked because there was no way out. The Guardian wrote in an interview with a patient's relative.
Because of insufficient oxygen at the time of his birth, Goldberg, thirty, had permanent cranial brain damage and a very unstable mind. The older he got, the harder his aggressive behavior would be to manipulate. For more than a decade after entering the JR Management Center, his mom and dad allowed ESD therapy to be administered to him, with up to 17 electrical stimulation sessions in a single day.
In response to the Guardian's clear question of "why," Goldberg's mom said, "People see ESD as abuse. But as a parent, the real abuse is seeing your child with no medication available, or lying flat on their back like a dead weight after taking medication. eSD allows our children to live a normal day-to-day life.
In mid-July 2021, the JR Management Center accepted news media interviews on the trial_fruit, focusing once again on the fact that, "It is imperative that everyone seeks permission from the legal guardian and get approval from the Family Court before applying ESD. everyone will continue to work hard to maintain the safety and lives of the people we all love the most, and to preserve ESD as the ultimate way to save lives.
"Children, adolescents and young adults do not have a well-developed brain. In most conditions, their psychotic symptoms are not as significant as those of adults, and can largely be reasonably manipulated and mitigated based on medications, natural environmental conditioning, and psychotherapy. If there is extremely more serious light-hearted behavior, after careful evaluation, can choose the improved version of electroconvulsive therapy, but not ESD. said Wang Zucheng expert professor.
Material from:
[1].D.C.CircuitoverturnsFDAbanonshockdevicefordisabledstudents.Reuters
[2]. FDACannotBanUseofElectricShockDevicesforHarmfulBehaviors.MedpageToday
[3].AppealscourtaxesFDAbanofelectricshockonthedisabled .NBCNews
[4].SherwinNulandTED2001
[5].FDATakesRareSteptoBanElectricalStimulationDevicesforSelf- InjuriousorAggressiveBehavior.FDA
[6].FDAproposesbanonelectricalstimulationdevicesintendedtotreatself- injuriousoraggressivebehavior.FDA
[7].HumanrightsbodycallsonUSschooltobanelectricshocksonchildren.TheGuardian
[8]. EscapingTheJudgeRotenbergCenter.Youtube@JenniferMsumba
[9]. Improving Electroconvulsive Therapy Expert*** Knowledge. Journal of Conversion Medicine.2019,8:129-134
Sourced from: Medical Community
Originally titled: "America's last 'electroconvulsive therapy center': controversial but business as usual"
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