1. Transmission of pathogens: Pathogens are one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms can be transmitted to other patients through contact, droplet transmission (e.g., coughing and sneezing), airborne transmission, bloodborne transmission and medical equipment.
2, medical equipment and instruments: the use of unclean, not properly disinfected or sterilized medical equipment and instruments is another important factor leading to hospital-acquired infections.
3, health care workers and patient behavior: inappropriate behavior of health care workers and patients can also lead to hospital-acquired infections. For example, inadequate hand hygiene, incorrect wearing of personal protective equipment, irregular sterilization operations, and irrational use of antibiotics and other behaviors can increase the risk of infection.
4. Hospital environment: The cleanliness and hygiene of the hospital's internal environment is critical to preventing hospital-acquired infections. Unclean air, contaminated water, inappropriate bed segregation, and unreasonable garbage disposal may all increase the risk of infection.
5, the patient's immune status: the patient's immune status plays an important role in susceptibility to infection. Immunocompromised patients, such as the elderly, transplant patients, chemotherapy patients, etc., are more likely to be infected by pathogens and develop hospital-acquired infections.