Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), abbreviated as CPR, refers to a technique that combines the use of artificial respiration and extracardiac massage to provide first aid when respiration is terminated and the heart stops beating. It is necessary to recognize the heart and understand the importance of respiration and blood circulation to the function of the human body. The heart is divided into the right and left atria and the left and right ventricles. Blood containing carbon dioxide is drawn from the right atrium into the superior and inferior vena cava and transported throughout the body, then pressurized out of the right ventricle and sent by the pulmonary artery to the alveoli through dialysis, where it is exchanged for oxygenated blood and then sent through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and then pressurized out of the left ventricle and transported through the great arteries to the whole body for maintenance.
Once a cardiac arrest occurs, if it is not resuscitated immediately, it will cause irreversible damage to the patient's brain and other vital organs and tissues in 4 to 6 minutes, so cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest must be carried out immediately at the scene.
Introduction of the disease
Cardiac arrest (Cardiac
Arrest,
CA) refers to the sudden cessation of cardiac activity in an unforeseen situation and time caused by a variety of reasons, which results in the sudden discontinuation of effective cardiac pumping function and effective circulation, and causes severe ischemia, hypoxia, and metabolic disorders of the whole body, which can lead to immediate loss of life if not rescued in a timely manner. If not rescued in time, the patient can lose his/her life immediately. Cardiac arrest is different from cardiac arrest in the end stage of any chronic disease. If correct and effective resuscitation measures are taken in time, the patient's life may be saved and recovered.
Once cardiac arrest occurs, if it is not resuscitated immediately, it will cause irreversible damage to the patient's brain and other vital organs and tissues in 4-6 minutes, so cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest must be performed immediately at the scene, in order to further save the patient's life. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest must be performed immediately at the scene to gain the most precious time for further resuscitation until the life of the patient in cardiac arrest is saved.
The International Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) and other resuscitation societies in Western countries and updated every five years, are of great significance in guiding and standardizing CPR on a global scale.
Expanded Information
Criteria for Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Laypersons should continue CPR until an AED is available and the patient is replaced by EMS personnel or until the patient begins to move, and should not discontinue CPR in order to check for circulation or to check for return of a response.
For paramedics, the following criteria should be followed for CPR Indicators of effectiveness and criteria for termination of resuscitation.
Effective indicators of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(1) carotid artery pulsation: when compression is effective, the carotid artery can be touched once per compression, if the pulsation disappears after stopping compression, then chest compressions should be continued, if the pulse still exists after stopping compression, it means that the patient's heartbeat has recovered.
(2)Color of the face (lips and mouth):When the resuscitation is effective, the color of the face will change from cyanosis to red, if it becomes gray, it means that the resuscitation is not effective.
(3) Other:When the resuscitation is effective, there may be spontaneous respiration, or the pupils may change from large to small with light reflex, and there may even be eye movement and limb twitching.
Criteria for termination of resuscitation
On-site CPR should be carried out uninterruptedly, and the decision to stop resuscitation should not be made easily. If the following conditions are met, on-site resuscitators can consider termination of resuscitation:
(1) the patient's respiration and circulation have been effectively restored.
(2) There is no heartbeat or spontaneous respiration, CPR continues for more than 30 min at room temperature, and EMS personnel arrive to determine that the patient is dead.
(3) An EMS officer takes over to assume resuscitation or another officer takes over resuscitation.
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