Lighting is the use of various light sources to illuminate the work and living places or individual objects.
The use of the sun and sky light is called "natural lighting"; the use of artificial light sources is called "artificial lighting". The primary purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and a comfortable and pleasant environment.
Interior design lighting is a variety of architectural environment of illuminance, color temperature, color rendering index and other professional design. It is not only to meet the indoor "brightness" requirements, but also to play a role in the environment, atmosphere.
Generally requested by the interior architects, electrical engineers for accounting, adjustment. At the same time, it also refers to the action of lighting or the state of being illuminated by the light.
In the movie shooting, the use of natural light or artificial light is an art. Involving the use of lighting equipment, light design, scene layout, light level, light ratio, shadow and light effect determination, lens lighting treatment, etc., is an indispensable means of cinematographer's creativity (see the art of film modeling, film lamps).
Lighting design should be human-centered, but must first consider the safety and practicality, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods, maintenance methods, and then finally combined with humane creativity, a good lighting design, must have the above prerequisites, in the lamps and lanterns have been related to the words, lighting design can refer to the Jurassic Lighting related literature. Lighting is the use of artificial light or natural light to provide people with sufficient illumination (general lighting), or to provide good identification (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.), the emphasis of the characteristics (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.), or to create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.), to create a special atmosphere, etc. (commercial stage lighting), as well as other means of special purposes (biochemical, medical, botanical cultivation, etc.).
Lighting can be divided into: general lighting, zoning general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. The principle of its application should be consistent with the following provisions: First, when it is not suitable for installing local lighting or mixed lighting is unreasonable, it is appropriate to use general lighting; Second, when a work area needs to be higher than the general lighting illumination, can be used to partition general lighting; Third, for the illumination requirements are high, the location of the work of the density is not large, and individually installed general lighting is not reasonable place, it is appropriate to use mixed lighting; Fourth, in a workplace In a workplace should not be installed only local lighting.
2. Seek common sense about the lights, lighting
Lighting is the use of various light sources to illuminate the work and living places or individual objects of the measures. The use of the sun and sky light is called "natural lighting"; the use of artificial light source is called "artificial lighting". The primary purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and a comfortable and pleasant environment. Interior design lighting is a variety of architectural environment of the illuminance, color temperature, color rendering index and other professional design. It is not only to meet the requirements of indoor "brightness", but also to play a role in the environment, atmosphere. Generally requested by the interior architects, electrical engineers for accounting, adjustment. At the same time, it also refers to the action of lighting or the state of being illuminated by the light.
In the movie shooting, the use of natural light or artificial light of an art. Involving the use of lighting equipment, light design, scene layout, light level, light ratio, shadow and light effect determination, lens lighting treatment, etc., is an indispensable means of creation of the photographer (see the art of film modeling, film lighting).
Lighting design should be human-centered, but must first consider the safety and practicality, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods, maintenance methods, and then finally combined with humanized creativity, a good lighting design, must have the above prerequisites, in the lamps and lanterns have been related to the relevant articles, lighting design can be referred to the Jurassic Lighting related literature.
Lighting is the use of artificial light or natural light to provide people with sufficient illumination (general lighting), or to provide good identification (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.), the emphasis of the characteristics (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.), or to create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.), to create a special atmosphere, etc. (commercial stage lighting), and for other special purposes (biochemical, medical, botanical cultivation, etc.) Means.
Lighting can be divided into: general lighting, zoning general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. The principle of its application should be consistent with the following provisions:
First, when it is not suitable to install local lighting or mixed lighting is not reasonable, it is appropriate to use general lighting;
Second, when a work area needs to be higher than the general lighting illumination can be used in the general illumination of the district;
Third, for the higher illumination requirements, the work of the location of the density of not too much, and the installation of a separate general illumination is unreasonable, it is appropriate to use mixed lighting;
Third, for the illumination requirements, work location is not dense, and separate general illumination unreasonable places. Place, it is appropriate to use mixed lighting;
Fourth, in a workplace should not be installed only local lighting.
3. General knowledge of lamps
The official name of the energy-saving lamps is rare earth three-color compact fluorescent lamps, born in the 1970s in the Netherlands Philips.
This light source in the premise of achieving light output, only need to consume ordinary incandescent power consumption of 1/5 to 1/4, so it is called energy-saving lamps. Experts believe that China's compact energy-saving lamp manufacturing technology after 20 years of refinement, has matured, can fully meet the requirements of consumers to use.
As long as consumers choose the real quality energy-saving lamps, the result is bound to save both electricity and money. So how to choose the real quality energy-saving lamps? There are a few tips: First, to see if there is a national inspection mark; Second, to see the product packaging, including the product's trademark, power, marking and other content.
Wipe with a soft damp cloth, the logo is clearly defensible that is qualified; Third, look at the service life. Qualified energy-saving lamps in the experimental state can be used more than 5,000 hours, in normal use must reach more than 2,000 hours, such as less than this standard, that is, inferior products; four, to see the safety requirements.
In the installation and disassembly process, see whether the lamp head is loose, there is no crooked head phenomenon, whether insulation. In addition, to see whether the outer tube material of the energy-saving lamp is heat-resistant, fire-resistant, and whether the phosphor in the lamp is uniform.
If there is no use of the lamp ends black phenomenon, are substandard products. Another point is the price comparison, generally speaking, due to the energy-saving lamp manufacturing, production process of special reasons, the cost is relatively high.
If it is seven or eight dollars of energy-saving lamps, it is likely that the general production of small factories of poor quality, the general price of domestic energy-saving lamps are more than forty or fifty dollars, imported is higher. Ceiling lights ceiling lights, also known as ceiling lights, widely used in foyers, aisles, kitchens, bathrooms, balconies and other places.
The ceiling light is suitable for low and medium grade, common type of decoration supporting. The lampshade has two kinds of glass and PS board, divided into opal and ice style, the appearance of square, long, round, spherical, cylindrical and so on.
Lampshade is indeed an interesting topic. It is said that the outside of the lamp has a layer of glass, there should be no need to add a layer of cover is right.
But in fact, the lampshade style is more and more. In order to emphasize lighting in a small area, a round reflective cover was added to the back of the lamp, or a convex lens was installed in front, which became a spotlight.
In order to give people a brilliant sense of splendor, the lamp is surrounded by particles or strips of crystals, so that the light is refracted again and again, becoming a decorative lamp. In order to make all the light through the refraction, give people a sense of softness, invented the opaque cylinder lampshade, so that the light only irradiate the ground and the ceiling.
In order to read under the lamp, but also by the light through the lampshade, to provide indoor lighting, the invention of the umbrella-shaped translucent lampshade, so that under the lamp is bright, and the surrounding soft. So home life, a trace of warmth, a little bit of love, from that a lamp quietly rippled out of the lamp.
Chandeliers Chandeliers can be further divided into multi-head chandeliers and single-head chandeliers, the former for the living room, the latter for the bedroom or dining room. Chandeliers are mainly lampshades.
The light is soft and restful through the milky white shade. If the mouth of the shade is facing down, let the light directly irradiate the room, and it looks bright and brilliant.
With the shade facing up, the light hits the ceiling and then reflects down, spreading the light evenly and softly. Multi-head chandeliers on the market, with a variety of floral shapes of frosted glass shades, a layer and multi-layer points, color and colorless and pure white, pink, light blue, light green, gold, cream, in addition to crystal lampshades sold.
The single-head chandelier is mostly made into a ball or flowerpot shape. Of course, there are some more personalized chandeliers, such as an adjustable chandelier, a large lampshade made of glass and plastic materials, the bulb is placed in the cover, because the shade color variety, the light is also due to change, often used to decorate the table above.
(Note: Relying on experience, the working class is best not to buy complicated chandeliers, one is not cost-effective, the second is dirty after wiping up very laborious). Table lamps Table lamps, in the home use of lamps, is one of the most varied and dynamic.
Currently on the market table lamps are mainly concentrated in two kinds: craft table lamps and writing table lamps. Currently on the market craft table lamps have glass flower grinding, ceramic glaze, cloisonné and plastic spray products, emphasizing the artistic shape and decorative effect.
Writing desk lamps are metal snakeskin tube lamps, clip-on spring swing arm suspension desk lamps, seat dimmable full plastic desk lamps, seat dimmable enamel desk lamps, copper seat classical column grooved single porcelain shade desk lamps, grooved double porcelain shade desk lamps, classical candlestick table lamps, classical kerosene lamp table lamps, double head mother of glass table lamps, etc., the function is used for reading, writing, the lampshade is mostly opaque or semi-transparent, in order to make the light concentrated. The biggest benefit of table lamps is that they can be used as a piece of home decoration, so the beauty of the lampshade should also be a criterion for you to choose when buying.
The Lamp's Clothing Cloth shades are the more classic choice and have a timeless appeal. Cloth shades are usually simple and elegant, and can be varied by pleating, piping, or engraving.
Lampshades made of translucent materials such as paper and glass also give the lamp a dreamy effect and make the scene romantic. Nowadays there are also some lampshades that apply aluminum, deliberately creating a cool and modern feel.
It is also a fun experience. When selecting, fabric shades can be chosen from a range of warm and cool colors for the changing seasons, or you can shop for the pattern lines of the shades depending on your preferred visual effect.
Glass or paper lampshade, you may want to consider its color to change the tone of the room, when the light through the cover, then be rendered into red, blue, or yellow of the same hue, so that the space has a variety of expressions of quiet overflow, bright, mysterious. Once someone will be translucent materials such as paper, glass applied to the lampshade, the lamp seems to be enchanted, creating a dreamlike atmosphere.
4. Knowledge about lamps
What is an incandescent lamp?
Incandescent lamps were the original source of light for electric lamps, with some improvements, but these lamps are still using the basic technology of a hundred years ago.
A tungsten filament is placed inside a glass bulb and an electric current flows through the tungsten filament. The resistance of the filament causes it to heat up and become incandescent, or luminous, and today's incandescent lamps use a coiled filament to increase efficiency and reduce heat loss. However, early lamps used vacuum technology to prevent the filament from burning out due to the combination of oxygen, and now use a mixture of inert gases for the same purpose.
Characteristics of incandescent lamps
Incandescent lamps are the most commonly used source of light in the home. Low color temperature and high color rendering index incandescent lighting emits a warm light, in addition to the fact that incandescent lamps are inexpensive, can be controlled using inexpensive dimmers and are available in a wide variety of sizes, specifications, wattage, but unfortunately incandescent lamps are poorly lighted. Because light is produced by heating solid materials until they emit light, most of the energy consumed by incandescent lamps is emitted in the form of heat, which results in low performance in terms of luminous flux per watt.
5. Conservation of electricity common sense
First, household appliances, plugs and sockets should be in good contact in order to save electricity, otherwise it will increase power consumption, and there is also the possibility of damage to electrical appliances.
Second, the electric kettle heater accumulated scale to be eliminated in a timely manner in order to improve the thermal efficiency, extend the service life, but also save electricity.
Third, the use of electric heaters to seal the room as much as possible to prevent heat loss. Room temperature requirements should be promptly turned off the power supply.
Fourth, ironing clothes is best to buy the power of 500W or 700W temperature control iron. This iron heats up quickly and reaches the use of temperature can
automatic power off, not only to save electricity, but also to ensure the quality of ironing clothes.
Fifth, if the ironing of clothing fabrics are not exactly the same, should be ironed first lower temperature-resistant chemical fiber clothing, to be warmer and then ironing temperature-resistant higher
cotton and linen fabrics. After the power failure to use the residual heat can also be ironed part of the chemical fiber clothing.
Six, electric fan power consumption and fan blade speed is proportional. In order to meet the requirements of the premise of use, as far as possible with the middle and slow gear. Such as 400mm
fan, with fast gear power consumption of 60W, choose a slow gear only 40W.
Seven, for air conditioning, the room temperature is set at 27 to 28 ℃ appropriate, in addition to open the air-conditioning, to close the windows and doors; regular cleaning of the dust nets, you can save
30% of the power; do not start too often, the shutdown must be separated from the next 2-3 minutes after the start again.
Expanded:
(1) Saving electricity, that is, the primary energy needed to generate electricity, and thus saving energy throughout the country, can Reduce the tension of energy and transportation;
(2) Conservation of electric energy also means corresponding savings in the national infrastructure investment in power generation and supply equipment;
(3) Conservation of electric energy must rely on the advancement of science and technology, and in the case of the continuous use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, power saving at the same time will surely promote the development and improvement of the level of agricultural and industrial production;
(4) Conservation of electric energy must rely on scientific and technological progress, in the continuous adoption of new technologies, new materials, new techniques and new equipment, power saving at the same time will certainly promote the level of industrial and agricultural production. Development and improvement;
(4) saving electricity, rely on the strengthening of scientific management of electricity, which will improve the management of management, improve the management level of enterprises;
(5) saving electricity, can reduce unnecessary power loss for enterprises to reduce electricity expenses, reduce costs, improve economic efficiency, so that limited power to play a greater socio-economic benefits, and improve the utilization rate of electricity, and more effective use of good power. Utilization rate, more effective use of power resources.
Reference:
Baidu Encyclopedia - Saving Electricity
6. People will develop the habit of turning off the lights, even to go to the toilet to turn off the bedroom lights, that will save electricity, the fact is really so? For incandescent lamps, it is best to turn off the lamps, not only to save electricity but also to extend the life of the bulb. For energy-saving lamps, when you turn on and off the lights, energy-saving lamps in five minutes to do the power at least 10 to 15 times the usual (because energy-saving lamps at least five minutes to stabilize, the voltage is two or three times higher, the current has not been counted), if too frequent switching on and off the lights, may be more than an hour's electricity costs you a night. Frequent switching of energy-saving lamps, but also shorten the service life of energy-saving lamps. Generally speaking, the national promotion of energy-saving lamps, life expectancy is generally 5000 hours, if the light is on 8 hours a day, an energy-saving lamps can be used for more than two years, and assuming that the switch 6 times a day, the energy-saving lamps may only be able to use more than 3 months, plus the cost of this please repair the cost of energy-saving lamps do not know how many consecutive days to open the cost of electricity.
Daily life in the electricity, power saving knowledge is very important. Lighting fixtures, should be used as much as possible, high brightness, small power energy-saving lamps; power amplifier to save electricity is mainly to reduce the volume, the impedance of the external speakers can not be too small. Avoid the use of multiple speakers, as far as possible to reduce the load of the amplifier, in order to achieve the purpose of power saving and protection of the machine; TV open the brightest than the darkest more power consumption of 50% to 60%, the larger the volume, the greater the power consumption, to moderately regulate the brightness and volume; pay attention to the food in the refrigerator should not be piled up too full, too dense, otherwise it will impede the flow of cold air, resulting in refrigerator refrigeration. The food stored in the refrigerator should not be too little, if the food in the refrigerator is too little, it will dissipate the cold air and waste electricity. Refrigerator should minimize the number of times the door is opened and the time to open the door, in addition to frost-free refrigerator should be defrosted in a timely manner. Special attention should be paid to regular condenser dust, so as not to affect the cooling effect, waste of electricity.
7. What are the basics of lighting design
This question has been answered earlier.
For the owner of the lighting designers need to master what knowledge of this issue, Sun's lighting design would like to answer from a different perspective, which is from a recruitment requirements on the information:
A lighting designer's job responsibilities
1. Responsible for the project's pre-investigation research work, and the owner to fully communicate with the owner, to understand the background of the project, the owner's requirements, etc.;
2. Overall planning and conceptualization of the project;
3. Completion of the design program production, and is responsible for reporting, progress tracking, etc.;
4. With the technology to complete the selection of lighting fixtures, lighting diagrams and node installation drawing;
5. Completion of the lighting design and construction: the site of the technical briefing, and to grasp the design of the overall effect of the implementation.
The above content is purely excerpts, but I believe that the owner of the problem, is also a good answer. Of course, the basic knowledge of lamps and lanterns do not need to say more (color temperature, illuminance, luminous flux, beam angle and so on)
Please adopt.
8. Seek intelligent lighting system knowledge
What is intelligent lighting?
Intelligent lighting refers to the intelligent lighting control system to communicate through the wireless network to achieve intelligent control of lighting equipment. Lighting equipment after intelligent control, expanding a variety of control methods, such as PC computer, remote control, PDA, remote telephone ... etc., at the same time with the intensity of light brightness adjustment, lighting soft start, timing control, scene settings and other functions; and to achieve the characteristics of safety, energy saving, comfort and efficiency.
The traditional lighting power supply control generally uses the main power supply through the distribution box is divided into multiple distribution output lines to provide lighting circuit power, the switch panel connected in series in the lighting circuit to realize the control of the lights directly through the power supply line, the lights are only on, off, no logical timing and bright, dark dimming control, and thus can not form a variety of lighting brightness combinations of the scene and the system control.
The intelligent lighting system uses the main power supply through the programmable control module output for lighting power, lights on, off and brighten, dim by the programmable multi-functional keypad panel control, control module and keypad panel connected to each other through a low-voltage control bus. Control modules and key panels inside the microprocessor, storage and control bus interface circuit, they are completely in the low voltage situation, all controllers and panels can be programmed to achieve the brightness of each light control, so you can produce different lighting scenes and the effect of system control. In addition, the communication function of the wireless network makes it possible to control the intelligent lighting system by remote control, computer, PDA and other ways.
On the other hand, after the pre-setting of the intelligent control system, the lighting system can work in a fully automatic state. The system will automatically switch between a number of pre-set basic states in chronological order. For example, when a working day is over and the system enters the night working state, it can automatically and slowly dim the lights in each public **** area of the office building, and at the same time, the motion detection function of the system will automatically take effect and turn off the lights in the unoccupied area automatically, and adjust the lights in the occupied area to the most suitable brightness. Moreover, the system can also change the light level of each area to adapt to the scene requirements of different occasions through the light sensing of the brightness sensor. For example, in places near windows, the system will make good use of natural light illumination and dim the lighting; when the weather changes, the system will also automatically adjust the light illumination to the most appropriate level.
The 2.4GHz T-bus Intelligent Lighting Control System is the perfect integration of EIB bus technology, traditional intelligent control technology, and 2.4G wireless network by Voltaic, resulting in a system technology that is completely separated from strong and weak power, safe, radiation-free, and stable in performance. Therefore, the 2.4GHz T-bus system is able to intelligently control the lighting equipments in buildings, hotels, enterprises and institutions as well as families. The company's newly developed T-bus substation box can expand the controllable power of the equipment, and can soft-start the equipment, with a larger control range and stronger security, which is very suitable for various large-scale intelligent lighting projects.
9. Knowledge of lights
According to its location can be divided into the following categories.
First, the ceiling lamps
1, chandelier
(1) rod chandelier is a combination of point and line lamps and lanterns, the boom has a long and short points, the long boom highlights the contrast between the rod and the lamp point and line, giving a sense of uprightness; the short rod is to highlight the lamps and lanterns itself modeling and texture;
(2) chain chandelier, the chain instead of a straight rod for the pendant, the lamps and lanterns highlight the whole room rich and noble;
(2) chain chandelier, the chain instead of straight rod for the pendant, this lamps and lanterns highlight the entire The room's opulence;
(3) Telescopic chandelier, can be adjusted at will, important in the dining room or other special parts.
2, the top light
(1) protruding ceiling lamps, lamps have a seat plate directly mounted on the canopy;
(2) embedded ceiling lamps, lamps embedded in the canopy;
(3) projector ceiling lamps;
(4) hidden top light, only see the light, but not see the lamps of the top lamp, usually the lamp slot.
Second, wall lamps
Wall lamps There are two kinds of wall lamps and cantilever lamps.
Third, table lamps
Table lamps are a household appliance used for lighting in people's lives.
It is generally divided into two kinds, one is the column type, a clip type
Fourth, special lamps
Used in special parts or special purpose lamps, such as closet lamps, etc., in home decoration, in fact, lamps accessories and furniture accessories are equally important, and even in the lamps also plays a role in the eye-dotting. In conversation with the designer, the pre-talk about not only the use of materials, selected styles and furniture selection, reminding everyone, while paying attention to the lamps and lanterns. However, how to choose the right lamps in a wide variety, thousands of colors, colorful lamps, the following four suggestions:
1, lamps and lanterns modeling is coordinated with the entire decorative style;
2, lamps and lanterns specifications, size, scale and the entire space is not compatible;
3, lamps and lanterns craftsmanship, materials, texture whether it helps to increase the entire Home culture and art temperament;
[4]4, can not be the pursuit of luxury, to consider inexpensive and beautiful
10. with the lamps and lanterns related to environmental protection knowledge
4, home lighting tips
(1) try to choose high-efficiency lighting
In the guarantee to meet the premise of effective illumination and brightness, a reasonable choice of electric light source and Lamps, can use self-ballasted fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent lamps, fine diameter double-ended fluorescent lamps instead of coarse diameter double-ended fluorescent lamps, such as a 5-watt self-ballasted fluorescent lamps equivalent to 20 watts of incandescent brightness, 16 watts of self-ballasted fluorescent lamps can be equivalent to 60 watts of incandescent brightness.
(2) The installation height of the lamps should be appropriate
Such as 20-watt fluorescent lamps, if installed one meter high, the illumination is 60 lumens; 0.8 meters high is 93.75 lumens; the height of the appropriate lowering can reduce the number of watts of lamps.
(3) Make full use of the reflection and reflection
Such as lamps with a suitable reflector can improve the illumination, the use of indoor wall reflection can improve the illumination of about 20%.
(4) Dimming power-saving devices
Bedside lamps, living room ceiling lamps such as incandescent lamps, should be installed with dimming power-saving devices.
(5) Avoid long lights
Stairs, corridors and other lighting should be used sound and light control delay switch or turn off the lights when people leave.
(6) Watching TV programs, only light up the required lights
can save electricity and protect your eyesight.
(7) Double-ended lights should use electronic ballasts and energy-saving inductive ballasts
The electronic ballasts have a low power consumption of 4 watts, while the conventional inductive ballasts have a power consumption of 9 watts.