ACCA exam common English vocabulary
1, Accelerated Depreciation Accelerated Depreciation:
Any depreciation principle that prompts an asset to be depreciated in a larger amount at an earlier date for accounting or tax reasons
2, Accident and Health BenefitsAccident and Health Benefits:
Benefits provided to an employee in connection with an illness, accidental injury, or accidental death. These benefits include payment of hospital and medical expenses and income for the period in question.
3. Accounts Receivable (AR) Accounts Receivable:
Amounts due from customers. Having accounts receivable means that a company has sold a product or service but has not yet collected the money
4, Accretive Acquisition:
Accretive Acquisitions:
Acquisitions that increase the earnings per share of the company making the acquisition
5, Acid Test Acid Test Ratio:
A rigorous test to measure whether a company has enough money to make a good deal on a product or service
This test is used to measure whether a company has enough money to make a good deal on a product or service. A rigorous test to measure whether a company has enough short-term assets to settle its short-term liabilities without having to sell inventory. Calculation: (cash + accounts receivable + short-term investments)/current liabilities
6, Act of God Bond:
Bonds issued by an insurance company that are designed to link the bond's principal and interest to a company's losses caused by a natural disaster
7, Active Bond CrowdActive Bond Investor:
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a marketplace where companies can buy bonds from investors.
Trading in active fixed-rate securities on the New York Stock Exchange
8, Active IncomeActive Income:
Income derived from the provision of services, including salaries, wages, bonuses, and commissions, as well as income derived from actual participation in the business
9, Active InvestingActive Investing:
An investment strategy that involves ongoing buying and selling behavior. Active investors buy investments and pay close attention to their movements in order to capitalize on profitable opportunities
10, Active Management active management:
Seeking investment returns above the established benchmark investment strategy
11, Activity Based Budgeting based on the activity-based budgeting:
A method of developing a budget. p>A method of budgeting, the process of listing all the cost-related activities of each department within an organization and establishing the relationship between the various activities, and then deciding on the resources to be invested in each activity based on this information
12, Activity Based Management:
Using activity-based costing to improve a company's operations
The activity-based budgeting system is a method of budgeting for a company's operations. System to improve a company's operations
13, Activity Ratio:
An accounting ratio used to measure a company's ability to convert its balance sheet entries into cash or turnover
14, Actual Return:
An investor's actual gain or loss, which can be expressed by the following formula: the expected return plus the loss. can be expressed by the following formula: expected return plus company-specific and general economic news
15、Actuary actuarial:
A professional at an insurance company who evaluates an applicant and his or her medical records in order to predict the applicant's life expectancy
16、Acquisition acquisition:
The acquisition of a majority stake by one company over another
The acquisition of a majority stake in a company by another company. Acquisition Premium:
The difference between the actual cost of acquiring a company and the pre-acquisition valuation of that company
18. Affiliated Companies:
A situation in which one company owns a minority interest (less than 50 percent) in another company. 50%), or the existence of some connection between the two companies
19、Affiliated Person：
Affiliated Persons：
Affiliated Persons can influence the activities of a business, including directors, executives and shareholders, etc.
20、After Hours Trading：
Main large-scale After Hours Trading:
Buying and selling transactions that take place outside of normal trading hours on major exchanges
21, After Tax Operating Income-ATOI After Tax Operating Income:
A company's total operating income after tax. Calculated by subtracting taxes from total operating income
22, After Tax Profit Margin:
A financial ratio calculated by dividing net profit after tax by net sales
23, After The Bell:
After the stock market closes
24, Agent Agent:
After The Bell:
After The Bell:
After The Bell:
The stock market closes
24. Agent:
1. A person or agency that buys or sells securities for clients
2. A person licensed to sell insurance
3. A securities salesperson who sells or attempts to sell securities to the public on behalf of a securities brokerage firm or issuer
25. Agency BondsAgency Bonds:
Bonds issued by a governmental Agency Bonds
26, Agency Cross Cross Agent:
A transaction in which an agent represents both the buyer and the seller, also known as a _ goblet_ "Dual Agency".
27, Agency ProblemAgency Problem:
A conflict of interest between bondholders, shareholders, and executives due to differing objectives
28, Agency SecuritiesAgency Securities:
Low-risk debt issued by U.S. government-backed corporations
29, Aggressive Accounting：
不当地编制收益表以悦投资者及提高股价
30、Aggressive Investment Strategy：
投资组合经理试图争取最高的回报。 Aggressive investors put a higher proportion of their assets into equities than other less risky debt securities
31、Alan Greenspan Greenspan:
Dr. Alan Greenspan is the Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of the U.S. Federal Reserve. He will complete his fourth four-year term on June 20, 2004
31 Alan Greenspan. Dr. Greenspan is also Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Reserve's principal monetary policymaking organization.
32. Allotment of Shares:
Allotment of shares in an initial public offering to various underwriters who are permitted to sell them. The rest of the shares will be distributed to other securities companies that have obtained the right to sell the listed shares
33、Allowance For Doubtful Accounts：
Company's forecast of accounts receivable that may not be received, and this data will be recorded on the company's balance sheet
34、American Depository Receipt (ADR) American Depository Receipt (ADR):
An American Depository Receipt represents a number of shares in an enterprise in a country other than the United States. ADRs are bought and sold in the U.S. market, and trading procedures are the same as for ordinary U.S. stocks. The ADSs are issued by a U.S. bank and each one contains a number of shares of an enterprise in a country other than the United States that are held in trust by a foreign custodian. The enterprise is required to provide financial information to the bank on behalf of the issuer. ADSs do not eliminate the monetary and economic risk of the shares of the underlying business.
ADS can be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ exchange
35, American Depository Share (ADS) American Depositary Shares:
Shares issued under a depository agreement representing the shares of the issuing enterprise that are listed in the home country
36, American Option American Option:
an option that can be exercised at any time during its validity period
37. American Stock Exchange American Stock Exchange:
the third-largest stock exchange in the United States, located in New York City, which handles 10% of the total amount of securities traded in the United States
38, Amortization:
Amortization of debt over a period of time
A reduction in capital expenditures over a specific period of time. Similarly, it is a measure of the depletion of the value of a long-term asset, such as equipment or a building, over a specific period of time
39, Analyst:
A financial professional with expertise in evaluating investments, generally employed by securities firms, investment advisers, or **** with the fund. Analysts make buy, sell or hold recommendations on different securities. In order to provide comprehensive research and analysis, analysts generally focus on different industries or economic sectors
40, Angel InvestorAngel Investor:
A financial investor who provides start-up capital to small start-up businesses or entrepreneurs
41, AnnualizeAnnualize:
1. To convert less than one year's Returns to annualized returns
2. Converting tax periods of less than one year to annualized annually
42, Annual General Meeting (AGM) Annual General Meeting:
A meeting of shareholders that must be held annually refers to a meeting of shareholders in which shareholders are informed of the company's decision-making and work
43, Annual Report:
An annual report of a company's financial operations. The annual report includes a balance sheet, income statement, auditor's report, and a summary of the company's business
44, Annuity:
Annuity payments made at regular intervals over a specific period of time
45, Annuity Due:
Annuity payments made instantly rather than at the end of the period
46, Anti-dilution:
Anti-dilution:
Annuity payments made at regular intervals over a specific period of time. 46, Anti-dilution Provision：
Options or convertible securities a provision to protect investors from being diluted as a result of a future issue of shares by the company at a lower price (lower than the price paid by the investor in question)
47, Anti-takeover Measure反购购措施
Measures taken by business executives on a permanent basis, or from time to time, to prevent or delay a hostile takeover
48. Anti-takeover Statute:
A set of U.S. statutes aimed at preventing or delaying hostile takeovers. The details of the statutes vary from state to state and generally apply only to companies incorporated in the state
49、Anti-trust Antitrust Laws:
U.S. antitrust laws apply to all industries and all levels of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and promotion. The law prohibits a wide range of behaviors that create obstacles or restraints on trade. Illegal conduct includes joint price control, mergers that may diminish the incentive to compete in an individual market, and predatory behavior with the intent to achieve or maintain monopoly power
50, APICS Business Outlook Index
APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Agreement) Business Outlook Index:
The U.S. National Manufacturing Index, a monthly survey of multiple manufacturing companies. If the index is above 50, it indicates that the industry is expanding, and if it is below 50, it indicates that the industry is shrinking
51、Appraisal value assessment:
An opinion of the value of a property or business
52、Appreciation appreciation:
A rise in the value of an asset
53, Arbitrage:
The simultaneous buying and selling of securities with the intent to profit from the difference in price, generally on different exchanges or markets
54. Arbitrage Bond:
A low rated debt security issued by a municipality prior to the date on which the municipality's existing highly rated securities are bought back
55, Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) Arbitrage Pricing Theory:
An alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the main difference lies in its assumptions and interpretation of the risk factors associated with the asset
56, Arbitrage Trading Program (ATP) Arbitrage Trading Theory:
A trading program that involves the simultaneous purchase of stock index futures and underlying shares, with the aim of profiting from the difference in price (market arbitrage)
57. Arbitration:
An informal hearing of a dispute in which a group of three persons (generally three) selected by an impartial committee adjudicates the dispute. There is no mechanism for further appeal after a judgment is rendered
58、Arms Length Transaction：
a product in which the buyer and seller trade independently of each other
59、Asian Option：
The option whose payoff is based on the average price of the underlying security over a specified period of time. Options that are based on the average price of the underlying security over a specific period of time
60, Ask (Price) Buyer's Call:
The price of a security that a seller is willing to accept, also known as the offer price
61, Assessed Value:
The projected value of a piece of real estate for tax purposes
62, Assessor Valuer:
The local government official who determines the value of a piece of real estate for tax purposes
63, Asset Asset:
Any item owned by an individual or a business that has economic value. Assets are also an important item on a balance sheet, showing the value of what a company owns
Businesses buy assets to increase the value of the company or to boost business
64, Asset-Backed SecurityAsset-Backed Securities:
Securities that are backed by an asset-related note or account receivable, rather than real estate
65、Asset Allocation：
The process of dividing a portfolio into different asset classes, the main asset classes being bonds, stocks or cash. The purpose of asset allocation is to reduce risk through diversification
66, Asset Allocation Fund Asset Allocation Fund:
A kind of investment assets will be divided into bonds, stocks and other securities **** the same fund, the purpose is to maximize returns and minimize risk
67, Asset Coverage Asset Coverage Ratio:
Evaluating the ability of a company to pay its debts with its assets after deducting all its liabilities is calculated as follows:
Asset Coverage Ratio = [Book Value of Total Assets - Intangible Assets - (Current Liabilities - Short-Term Debt)]/Total Debt Outstanding
68, Asset-Liability Asset-Liability Management:
A business that coordinates its asset and liability management practices to earn an appropriate return
69. Asset Management:
1. A business that manages its financial assets to achieve the highest possible return
2. A financial institution with which it maintains an account in order to enjoy the benefits of checking services, credit cards, debit cards, margin loans, automatic placement of cash balances into money market funds, and securities brokerage services
70, Asset Play Asset Gap:
Misvalued stocks whose combined asset value is higher than the total market capitalization in order to be attractive
71, Asset Redeployment Asset Redeployment:
The strategic reallocation of a company's assets to improve profitability
72, Asset Swap:
Similar in structure to a simple swap, the main difference lies in the underlying swap contracts. The swap is for fixed and floating investments, rather than the usual fixed or floating loan rates
73, Asset TurnoverAsset Turnover Ratio:
The amount of turnover generated by each unit of amount of assets. Calculated as: Asset Turnover = Total Turnover / Total Asset Value
74, Asset Valuation:
The process of evaluating the value of a portfolio, a business, an investment or a balance sheet item at the time
75, Assets Under Management:
Generally the market value of assets managed by an investment firm on behalf of an investor
76、Assignment：
To transfer an interest or property to another person or business
77、At the Money：
At the Money：
An option at the money refers to the option's exercise price being equal to the market value of the relevant security
At the market value of a security. market value of the security
78, ATP Arbitrage Theory of Trading:
A trading program in which both stock index futures and the underlying shares are bought with the intention of profiting from the difference in price (market arbitrage)