Shenzhou-7 manned spaceship (Shenzhou-VII manned spaceship) is one of China's Shenzhou series of spacecraft, which was launched on a Long March 2F rocket. It is China's third manned spacecraft. It has made breakthroughs and mastered technologies related to out-of-cabin activities. The research units of Shenzhou VII manned spaceship are China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) and Shanghai Academy of Space Technology (SAAT) under China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The research unit for the Long March 2F launch vehicle is the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology under China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. Shenzhou VII spacecraft consists of an orbital module, a return module and a propulsion module
The Shenzhou VII spacecraft is 9.19 meters long and consists of an orbital module, a return module and a propulsion module. The Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft weighs 12 tons. The Long March 2F launch vehicle and escape tower combination is 58.3 meters high overall. Orbital module - serves as the working and living module for the astronauts, as well as the airlock module used for exiting the capsule. It is equipped with functions such as relief and repressurization control and extravehicular spacesuit support. Inside, there are living facilities for astronauts. The top of the orbital module is equipped with a companion small satellite and five repressurized gas cylinders. There is no function of staying in orbit. Return module - the module for astronauts to return to the earth, connected with the orbital module. It is equipped with parachutes and thrust reversal rockets for soft landing. Propulsion module - equipped with propulsion system, as well as part of the power supply, environmental control and communication system, equipped with a pair of solar panels. The Shenzhou VII spacecraft carries three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang (commander), Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng. The alternate astronauts of Shenzhou 7 are Chen Quan (commander), Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. The main task is to implement the first space outing of Chinese astronauts, and at the same time carry out space science and technology experiments such as satellite companion flight and satellite data relay. On September 24, 2008, at 14:30 p.m. at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, at the press conference of the General Command of the Shenzhou VII Manned Space Flight Mission, the General Command of the Shenzhou VII Manned Space Flight Mission announced the following: September 25, 2008 From 21:07 to 22:27, a direct launch will take place for a manned space flight. At that time, Chinese astronauts will go out of the capsule for the first time to carry out a spacewalk. Zhai Zhigang, the first Chinese astronaut to go out of the capsule
Beijing time, September 25, 2008, 21:10:04 988 milliseconds by the Long March 2F rocket launch. September 27, 2008, 16:30, Jing Haipeng stayed in the return capsule, Zhai Zhigang (commanding officer), Liu Boming were wearing the "Flying" Chinese-made extravehicular space suits and Russian-made space suits, and the "Flying" extravehicular space suits, and the Russian-made space suits. (commander), Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming entered the orbital module of the Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft, which also served as the airlock module, wearing Chinese-made "Feitian" extravehicular space suits and Russian-made "Seahawk" extravehicular space suits. Zhai Zhigang went out of the capsule and Liu Boming assisted him in the orbital module (Liu Boming's head and hands were partially out of the capsule), realizing the first spacewalk by an astronaut in the history of China, and making China the third country capable of sending astronauts into space and conducting spacewalks. At 17:37 Beijing time on September 28, 2008, the Shenzhou VII spacecraft successfully landed in Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, China. Starting from Shenzhou VII, China has entered the second phase of its manned spaceflight program. In this phase, scientific objectives such as astronauts walking in the space module and space rendezvous and docking will be realized one after another. All the launching tasks of the whole second-phase project are all taken up by the Long March 2F rocket.
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Huang Chunping, head of the general advisory group for the manned space rocket system and chief commander of the Shenzhou V rocket, said after the landing of Shenzhou VI that the launch of Shenzhou VII may be delayed. "The launch time may be delayed about half a year, originally scheduled for 2007 launch program will be delayed to 2008. Unlike Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI, the key point in the development of Shenzhou VII is the extravehicular space suit and airlock module. Because "Shenzhou VII" will realize the space walk, the astronauts from the cabin pressure suddenly adapted to the vacuum environment, the airlock cabin and extravehicular space suits play an important role. Academician Qi bremsstrahlung believes that "Shenzhou VII" must solve two big problems on the basis of Shenzhou VI. Now the astronauts have a sealed capsule and wear space suits in this capsule. When they leave the capsule, there is no air, so the space suit itself must be able to supply oxygen. The second is that when there is no temperature control, the space suit can ensure his normal temperature, so this space suit is equivalent to a small sealed cabin. To get out of the capsule, you have to have these conditions. There must be an airlock on the spacecraft, so that a person wearing a space suit can go in, close the door, and open the outside door to go out. If there is no airlock chamber, then as soon as the door is opened the air is let out, so there has to be an airlock chamber. "I'm just talking about the two main ones, as the astronauts have an extravehicular spacesuit, and as our spacecraft speaking, there has to be an airlock compartment, to make sure that there must be an atmospheric pressure in the original compartment." "Shenzhou VII" to overcome the airlock cabin and other core technical difficulties, spacewalking on the astronauts of the assessment requirements are even higher. As the pressure inside the space suit is lower than normal, there is a possibility that the nitrogen in the body's tissues will be released, forming air embolisms in the blood vessels, leading to decompression sickness. Therefore, after the astronauts put on the space suits, they must fully absorb oxygen in the airlock cabin. The astronauts assisting in the work return to the inner cabin (i.e., the orbital module), close the door of the inner cabin, and then the airlock cabin begins to relieve pressure to a vacuum, which is in line with the vacuum outside the spacecraft, and at this time, the astronauts can go out of the cabin to move around. And when completing the extravehicular task to return to the cabin, there is also a certain amount of depressurization of the space suit, and then inflate the airlock compartment. "The astronauts' out-of-cabin activity is a high-difficulty, high-risk activity." Experts introduced, "Shenzhou VII" when the spacewalk requires astronauts must be on the ground to do adequate testing and training, the ground training is generally in a specific gravity of a certain requirement of the neutral pool. This pool is usually built in a large test room, the spacecraft in the pool, the use of water buoyancy to simulate the phenomenon of weightlessness in space, and then the astronauts in the pool inside the cabin and outside the cabin operation training. Zhang Qingwei, deputy commander-in-chief of China's manned space program, said the Shenzhou VII spacecraft, not a simple repeat of Shenzhou VI, breakthroughs in many key technologies. The Long March 2F carrier rocket used to launch the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft has already successfully sent six Shenzhou spacecraft into space, with a mature technical foundation. In response to the flights of the previous rockets, researchers have made local improvements to the rocket to further improve its reliability. In addition, some cameras were added to the rocket. Shenzhou VII lifted off on September 25th, 2008. The afternoon to evening of the 26th and 27th is the most suitable time to go out of the capsule, and 2 astronauts will enter the orbital module. Since the space suits are very heavy, another person has to help to put them on. The astronauts will have two lifelines attached to them when they leave the capsule. Space suits are developed based on Russian space suits, providing oxygen, pressure, power and communication equipment, and there will be a camera around the astronauts after they leave the capsule, broadcasting the whole process live. This is a breakthrough in Chinese space technology.
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The main purpose of the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft mission is to implement the first Chinese astronauts in space out of the cabin activities, mastery and breakthroughs in out of the cabin activities related to technology, while carrying out the satellite accompanied by the flight, the satellite data relay and other space science and technology experiments. During the operation of the spacecraft, one astronaut went out of the spacecraft in a Chinese Flying Spaceman extravehicular space suit to carry out extravehicular activities and to recover the test sample devices loaded outside the spacecraft. As planned, the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft was launched from the manned space launch site of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center of China and operated in a near-circular orbit at an altitude of about 343 km. After the astronauts' exit activities, the spacecraft will release a companion satellite. It will also carry out tests on the continuation of the "Sky Link 1" satellite data. After completing its scheduled mission, the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft will return to its main landing site in central Inner Mongolia.
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The Long March 2F carrier rocket was launched on September 25, 2008, at 21:10:4, 988 milliseconds; 120th second of ignition, the rocket threw off the booster and the escape tower; 159th second of the rocket's first and second stages separated; 200th second of fairing separation; 500th second of the third stage of the rocket shutdown; 583rd second of the spacecraft and the rocket separated; The spacecraft then entered the scheduled orbit normally, and Shenzhou VII was successfully launched. At 04:03 on September 27, the orbit change control program was started, and at 04:04 the orbit change was completed. Astronauts out of the module in the spacecraft into orbit operation, circling the Earth more than five times after the Zhai Zhigang out of the module activities waving the five-star red flag
. 16:35 After Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng's help, astronaut Zhai Zhigang opened the hatch and began the out-of-cabin activity, Zhai Zhigang first poked his head out and waved to the default closed-circuit camera outside the cabin, after which his whole body walked out of the cabin. Liu Boming also poked his head out of the cabin and handed Zhai a small five-star red flag. Zhai Zhigang took the five-star red flag and waved it to the camera for a moment. Zhai then retrieves the solid lubrication experiment samples loaded outside the capsule. 16:58 The astronauts successfully complete their extravehicular activities and return to the orbital module. 17:01 The door to the orbital module is closed. 17:01 The orbital module door was closed. 17:01 False fire alarm report Shenzhou VII reported "fire in the orbital module" when the astronauts had been out of the module for about five minutes, which was later confirmed to be a false alarm. 19:30 Shenzhou VII releases the companion small satellite. 16:54 September 28, the spacecraft enters the normal return orbit; 17:16 The spacecraft returns to the sky over China; 17:25 The spacecraft leaves the "black barrier area" and opens the main parachute. 17:36 Successful landing; 18:36 The spacecraft leaves the "black barrier area" and opens the main parachute. 17:36 Successful landing; 18:22 Astronauts leave the module on their own.
Yang Liwei: Yang Liwei, male, Han nationality, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, Suizhong County people, university education, height 1.68 meters, member of the Chinese **** production party. He is a member of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). He holds the rank of Major General and is an astronaut extraordinaire. He has served as deputy director of the China Astronaut Research and Training Center, deputy commander-in-chief of the astronaut system for the manned spaceflight project, and is now deputy director of the China Manned Spaceflight Project Office. He is the first generation of astronauts trained in China and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the 17th National Congress of the C***. Yang Liwei flew 1,350 hours of safe flights in the former Air Force. at 09:00 Beijing time on October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei made his first trip into space on board the Shenzhou V spacecraft carried by a Long March 2F rocket, and was the first astronaut from the People's Republic of China to enter space. in 1983, he was admitted to the First Academy of the Air Force and joined the Chinese **** Youth League. In 1983, he was admitted to the First College of the Air Force and joined the China **** Youth League. 1987, he graduated with a bachelor's degree. He was assigned to the Air Force Jet Aviation Unit as a pilot. 1988, he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant in the Air Force, promoted to Captain in the Air Force in 1992, and promoted to Major in the Air Force in 1996. 1996, he participated in the physical examination for the initial selection of astronauts. In January 1998, he became China's first generation of astronauts along with 13 other outstanding pilots of the Air Force. As the astronaut brigade was under the Ministry of General Armaments, it was changed to the Army at that time, and the rank was changed to Major. In 2000, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. In July 2003, after the Manned Space Engineering Astronaut Selection and Evaluation Committee assessed that he had the ability to carry out spaceflight independently, he was awarded the qualification of third-class astronaut. At that time, he held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. At 09:00 Beijing time on October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei made his first trip into space on board the Shenzhou V spacecraft carried by a Long March 2F rocket. His pioneering work with technical experts made China the third country to master manned spaceflight technology life (10 photos). On October 15, 2003, promoted to the rank of colonel. Around the Spring Festival of 2004, he was promoted to the rank of major. On December 09, 2004, Yang Liwei was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Asteroid 21064 is named after Yang Liwei. In 2005, Yang Liwei became deputy director of the China Astronaut Research and Training Center and deputy commander-in-chief of the astronaut system for the manned spaceflight project. In October 2007, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the 17th National Congress of the C****. On July 22, 2008, he was promoted to the rank of Major General. In March 2010, deputy director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office.