Changwu belongs to the ecological type area combining agriculture and animal husbandry in the dry loess plateau of north Wei Province. Agriculture is the mainstay of the county's national economy. Socialized production has always been based on agriculture, agriculture and animal husbandry production has a long history of development. Unearthed artifacts in the territory confirmed that as early as in the Neolithic era, the ancestors began the primitive farming and planting in the form of slash-and-burn cultivation. Gong Liu lived in Bin, "the appropriate phase of the land, tree art grains", the evolution of agriculture, the people get the benefits of agriculture, food and clothing. In the slave society, commoners and slaves used simple labor collaboration to cultivate land and grow food. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, technologies such as oxen plowing and fertilizer application appeared. Iron farming tools were used in the Han Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, agricultural production and farming techniques were developed to a considerable level. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, wars and famines were unrelenting, and agricultural and livestock production stagnated. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the county government office began to persuade farmers and laborers. The introduction of technology, improved farming, the emergence of professional division of labor, the emergence of commodity production, the feudal natural economy gradually changed. During the Republic of China period, the landlords and gentry occupied a large amount of land, hired laborers for rent, and exploited them with high interest. Rural culture and education, science and technology were backward. There were years of civil wars and officials were corrupt. The poor peasants were at the bottom of the oppressed and exploited class. In the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, agriculture is bound by private relations of production, the land is barren, barren, rough farming, old-fashioned technology, increased taxes, frequent droughts and floods, slow development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and very low food production. Republic of China thirty-eight years (1949), the county's total agricultural output value of 6.98 million yuan (equivalent to the new currency), the total grain production of 20.13 million kilograms, the average mu yield of only 49 kilograms.
After liberation, the Party and the People's Government emphasized the development of agricultural production. Land reform was carried out to overthrow the exploitative system and the exploiting class. It developed the mutual aid and cooperation movement, realized the socialist transformation of individual agriculture, and guided the peasants to organize themselves. The superiority of collective economy was brought into full play, the basic construction of farmland water conservancy was carried out, the basic conditions of agricultural production were changed, agricultural technology was popularized, intensive cultivation was carried out, and scientific cultivation was carried out, so that the agricultural production recovered and developed rapidly from a semi-stagnant state.In 1956, the total grain output of the whole county increased by 78.9% compared with that of 1949, and the total output value of agricultural products increased by 73.9%.After the rural people's communization in 1958, the agricultural production was affected by the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Great Leap Forward". After the communization of rural people in 1958, affected by the "Great Leap Forward" and boastful wind, "*** production wind", and encountered three years of natural disasters, agricultural production, forming a difficult period. 1961, the county's total grain production than in 1956, a decrease of 49%, the total value of agricultural output decreased by 39.5%. After the rectification and rectification of the society, correcting the mistakes, adjusting the national economy, agricultural production in the ups and downs in the steady growth. 1965, the county's total grain production than in 1961 increased by 51.8%, the total value of agricultural production increased by 75.9%. 1966 "Cultural Revolution", agricultural production was destroyed. Because the rural cadres and members of the community resisted the interference, insisted on repairing the land, reforming the farming system, promoting the application of agricultural technology and agricultural machinery, agricultural production still maintained a certain rate of development. 1976, the county's total grain output increased by 1.8% over 1965, and the total value of agricultural output increased by 26.4%. During the "Cultural Revolution", especially in the climax of the agricultural study of Dazhai, the agricultural system changed, the community "poor transition", the production policy wavered, farming measures "one size fits all", and the one-sided emphasis on the "to the county", "to the county", "to the county", "to the county", "to the county", "to the county", and so on. One-sidedly emphasized "grain as the program" and restricted multiple operations. The mass promotion of large-scale work, cut the "capitalist tail", contrary to the laws of nature and the economy, so that agricultural production suffered setbacks, low and unstable food production.
In 1978, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), to remove the influence of the "left", rural economic reform, the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, and gradually adjust the structure of the agricultural industry, and promote a substantial increase in food production, township enterprises and a variety of business development. From 1982, the county's total grain output for three consecutive years exceeded 100 million kilograms. 1988 total grain output of 51.875 million kilograms. 1989 total grain output reached 59.485 million kilograms, the highest record in history. Compared with 1949, the total grain production increased by 195.5%, and the total agricultural output value increased by 521.6%. Grain production has led to the comprehensive development of animal husbandry, by-products and agricultural mechanization, all kinds of commodity bases have taken shape, and the rural landscape has been greatly improved.
Qin Dynasty, Changwu folk began to extend the master education of their children. Most of the family teaching, reading and writing. Ming Wanli eleven years (1583), after the resumption of Changwu County, the county Yamen set up oracle, Confucianism (school officials), and the construction of the Temple of Literature in the School Street Lane. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the county office set up training. School Palace was burned, only the main hall. Shunzhi, Kangxi years to rebuild the Palace. There is the Zunjing Pavilion, Jingyi Pavilion, Bowen Zhai, about Li Zhai, **** 28 rooms. Daoguang three years (1823), set up Yishan College, with Minglun Hall, Daya Hall. The countryside began to organize voluntary schools, private schools. Young people are still very few dedicated scholars. According to the "Qin Jiang Zhiliao", Changwu "had few households that were well-funded and many poor rooms. The reason for their poverty was that they did not study. Children to the age of eight or nine years old, that is, to collect dung and firewood, which sends no one or two of the ten who study. Therefore, in one county, there were only a hundred or so people who took the children's examination. Even when they were in the Jiaoziang school, most of them were half-plowing and half-reading, and few of them were devoted to mechanics." In 1905, the Qing court abolished the imperial examination system. In 1906, the Yishan Academy in the county was transformed into the Higher Primary School. During the Republic of China period, school education gradually emerged. Social sages, enthusiastic fund-raising school, respected people are proud to teach and educate people, the gradual development of education. However, the equipment is simple, lack of teachers, students flow more, the quality of teaching is poor, young people read more than coarse literacy for the purpose. Republic of China twenty-one years (1932), the county has only 15 high school graduates. Republic of China twenty-seventh year (1938), the county illiterate men and women have 47,914 people, accounting for 95% of the total population. In the twenty-ninth year of the Republic of China (1940), there were 40,489 illiterate men and women in the county, accounting for 93% of the total population. Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation, the current situation is turbulent, people's hearts are restless, prices are expensive, the military conscription is frequent, school education is difficult to sustain, long-term backwardness.
After liberation, the county people's government took over all kinds of schools, abolished the old training system, rectify and establish a new teaching order. Adjustment of school layout, training of teachers. Ideological reform of the teaching staff, students to strengthen the political and ideological education. They insisted on the comprehensive training of students in morality, intellectuality and physical fitness, carried out teaching reforms, opened the doors of schools to workers and peasants, and mobilized school-age children to enroll in schools. School education adhered to the two-pronged approach, with public organizations as the mainstay and private organizations as a supplement. The number of students enrolled in schools has increased, and the quality of education has gradually improved. In 1958, the policy of "education serves proletarian politics and combines education with production and labor" was implemented, and the direction of education became clearer; in 1961, the layout of schools was adjusted and teachers were streamlined; in 1964, the two systems of labor and education were implemented, and schools carried out work-study activities, and primary and secondary school students were encouraged to work. In 1964, two labor systems and two education systems were implemented, and schools carried out work-study activities, popularizing and developing primary and secondary education. "During the Cultural Revolution, schools and teachers were subjected to shock and destruction. The teaching order was disorganized, the educational enterprise was seriously damaged, and the quality of education declined sharply. At one point, foreign languages, history and geography were cut from secondary schools. The main courses were changed to politics, agricultural fundamentals, agricultural water conservancy, reforestation and military sports. In elementary school, "quotations" and critical essays were the main content of teaching. The school system was shortened, the curriculum was reduced, and the examination was canceled, and the students were recommended for advancement to higher education at will. After the crushing of the counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, the normal teaching order and examination system were restored. The unjust, false and erroneous cases were vindicated and the social and political status of teachers was raised. Various ways were taken to train teachers, carry out research on teaching, and improve the standard of teaching. With "idealistic, moral, disciplined and cultured" as the aim of education, the education system was reformed, with elementary school changing to a six-year system and secondary schools changing to a "three and three" section system. Mobilizing social forces to raise funds to run schools, the cause of basic education flourished. 1989, the county has 167 elementary school, 49 complete elementary school, 14 junior high schools, 2 single high school. There were 1,855 teaching staff, including 1,759 teachers. There were 24,444 students in school. The county has basically formed a universal education network with primary schools in villages, complete primary schools in joint villages, junior high schools in townships and senior high schools in counties. The enrollment rate, consolidation rate, graduation rate and popularization rate of school-age children have all reached the standard of universal primary education issued by the Ministry of Education, and the quality of teaching has improved significantly. At the same time, vocational education and amateur education have been developed accordingly. For all fronts, a large number of intellectual talents are constantly delivered, and the promotion and popularization of science and technology are driven, so that the cultural quality and scientific and technological level of the people of the county are constantly improved. 1982-1990, the number of people in the county who have a college degree or above per 10,000 people has increased from 18 to 37, and the number of people who have a high school degree of education has increased from 534 to 632, and the number of illiterate and semi-illiterate people has also increased; The number of illiterate and semi-illiterate people also declined considerably.
The county now has 213 schools at all levels and in all types of schools, 34,885 students; teaching staff of 1,985, including 25 senior titles, 319 intermediate titles. By the end of 1999 to fully complete the two basic standards, was awarded by the provincial government of the basic universalization of nine years of compulsory education, the basic elimination of illiteracy in young adults county title. 2000, adhere to the full implementation of quality education, strengthen the continuing education of teachers, pay attention to the development of early childhood education, special education, and actively develop vocational education, adult education. Drama is the main form of folk entertainment. "High stage teaching" and changing customs and traditions. Folk proverb: "If you want to know what is right in the world, compare it with the theater". Changwu performances theater, mainly Qinqiang opera, but also string plate, Meidu, Daoxiang, and so on. In the early years of the Republic of China, the county temple often Qishan, Fengxiang and other western opera troupe to Changwu tour. After the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Qingyang "Fuxingli" troupe, Xi'an, Xianyang Zheng Si's "Yimin Drama Society", etc., every year to Changwu longer performance time. Also in Daijialing opened training students team, famous "Yimin two class" actors are Li Zhenghua, Gao Dengyun and so on. The local drama is based on Xifu tune, fusion of Longdong and Guanzhong singing rhythms to form Guanzhong tune, with the regional characteristics of Qin and Long Xianghuan. During the Anti-Japanese War period, the county students and the garrison rehearsed and performed dramas, operas and live newspaper plays. From the Republic of China thirty years (1941), the popularization and development of theatrical performances. The county's urban and rural temples, villages and communities to build theater (music building) 110. The troupe was mostly temporary, with incomplete costumes and props, a simple cultural and military field, and "seven tight, eight slow, nine stops" for actors. When performing the opera, the roles are replaced by each other, with men pretending to be women, and it is difficult to replace the faces and costumes, so it is impossible to guarantee the performance effect. Puppets and shadow puppets sing Qinqiang, and they also sing Guanzhong string plate accent. Simple and easy to carry out, save money and trouble, by remote mountainous areas, small villages welcome.
After the liberation, adhering to the direction of "literature and art for the workers, peasants and soldiers", carry out theatrical reform activities, reorganize the performance team, improve the treatment of artists, cultivate the new force, excavation, collation, adaptation of traditional repertoire, improve the quality of performance. On the stage of socialist literature and art, a variety of flowers blossomed. For mass performances, organizations, units and schools make arrangements on their own, while rural communities negotiate and organize their own performances. In addition to amateur troupes, there are also shadow classes, puppet classes, and self-music classes. Every holiday celebration, ancient meeting, material exchange and summer and fall after the agricultural harvest, urban and rural areas have big plays, small plays, competing with each other to take turns to perform. 1955 the county has 29 amateur troupes, the activities of the regular Tingkou, Xianggong, Xinxing Fort, Liuquan, Niuwang, Jujia, Beiguan, Nanguan, Changling, Hongjia, Liujiahe and other villages. During the "Cultural Revolution", traditional plays were banned and "model plays" were introduced, and the recreational activities of each community were depressed. After 1979, folk art groups were restored one after another, and the theater stage became prosperous. Into the 80's, due to the rapid development of radio, film, television, song and dance, people's concepts of renewal and change, the accelerated pace of the commodity economy, resulting in the impact of the theater position, the audience is declining, the performance rate of towns and cities fell sharply. Especially the lack of interest of young people in traditional drama, the formation of the audience layer of the phenomenon of intergenerational. 1989, the county has 6 amateur troupes, 3 puppet classes, shadow classes 8. The cultural and educational departments held professional and amateur art groups to transfer and perform, commend and reward advanced groups and individuals, to revitalize the Qinqiang, and create conditions for the revival of theatrical performances. Changwu County folk medical care has always been backward, lack of medicine, poor health knowledge. Before the liberation, all kinds of infectious diseases, endemic diseases have been prevalent for years, and patients were unable to seek medical treatment. Although there are some pharmacies and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in urban and rural areas to treat diseases with Chinese herbs, there are few medical personnel, weak technical force, and the introduction of western medicine is relatively late. The Evangelical Church supplied medicines for free, but the townspeople did not trust them. And the price of medicine is expensive, it is difficult to get medical treatment. Poor people in the countryside, in case of illness, superstitious gods and ghosts, asking for medicine, inviting witches and goddesses to avoid calamities and drive away evil spirits, and giving up medicines to cure illnesses. The people who delayed their illnesses and left them to fate were very few and far between. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the county government sent members to attend the provincial epidemic prevention training course. Republic of China twenty-six years (1937), the town set up health assistants. Republic of China twenty-eighth year (1939), began to set up the county epidemic prevention clinic (smoking cessation), there are health inspectors, doctors 6 people. R.O.C. thirty-one years (1942), set up town public **** health center. Republic of China thirty-six years (1947), the town opened 10 private clinics. After the liberation, the party and the people's government cared about people's health and emphasized the improvement of medical and health conditions. 1949, the third section of the county people's government managed the administrative work of culture, education and health, and the county health workers' association was set up in November 1950, with the development of 70 members. 1956 the county people's committee set up the health section, and after the merger of Changwu, Beribeiyei and Duke County in 1958, the bureau of culture, education and health was set up. 1961 restored the Changwu County system, still with the Bureau of Culture, Education and Health. In 1961, the Changwu County system was restored, and the Bureau of Culture, Education and Health was still set up. 1970, the Bureau of Health was set up separately, and in 1989, there were 10 cadres in the Bureau of Health. Affiliated business units are county hospitals, hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine and various sections of hospitals, townships (townships) health centers. At the county level, there are health epidemic prevention stations, maternal and child health care stations, drug testing laboratories and health schools. The health system has administrative cadres and medical workers 352 people, including 269 medical technicians, 6 deputy chief physicians, 22 attending physicians, 91 physicians, 68 medical doctors, 1 nurse in charge, 16 nurse practitioners, 65 nurses. County Health Association and the township (township) branch has 197 members. 1989, the county hospital, Taro Park Township Health Center and County Epidemic Prevention Station, was named the provincial and municipal health system civilized units. County medical and health work, the implementation of "prevention-oriented, prevention and treatment" policy, the establishment of a sound county, townships, villages, three-tier medical and health network, the focus of medical and health work in rural areas, adhere to the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatments, the level of medical technology continues to improve. It has strengthened the construction of medical, epidemic-prevention and health-care institutions, carried out health supervision and monitoring, and promoted immunization programmes, new methods of delivery, and maternal and child health care. Patriotic hygiene campaigns were carried out in depth, and all health care undertakings continued to develop. In 1989, hospitals in the county had 285 beds. Various infectious diseases that jeopardize the people's health were controlled, the morbidity rate declined, and common and frequent diseases were treated in a timely and effective manner. The prevention and treatment of endemic and malnutritional diseases had achieved remarkable results. As the people have been freed from mental depression and material poverty, they have a stable living environment and better medical and health conditions. Social welfare, living conditions and environmental protection have been improved, and people's health has been raised. The life expectancy of the county's population increased from an average of 45 years old at the time of liberation to 68 years old. 1989, UNESCO and provincial health technicians, sample survey acceptance, the county's children's immunization rate of more than 85%, in line with international standards. Polio is listed as the city's exemption county. The county has 375 senior citizens over 80 years old. Population mortality rate fell to 5.2 per thousand.