I. Injection Molding Machine
Injection molding machine is the largest variety of plastic machine in China in terms of production and application, and is also the mainstay of China's plastic machine exports.
In the late 1950s, China produced its first injection molding machine, but due to the low technological content of the equipment at that time, it could only use general-purpose plastics to produce daily necessities with lower technological requirements, such as plastic boxes, plastic buckets, plastic pots and so on.
After the 1980s, China's injection molding machine industry developed rapidly, with an annual growth rate of more than 20%, and gradually formed a processing base mainly in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, Shunde and other places. Ningbo injection molding machine production and sales accounted for more than 60% of the country's total production and sales. 2002 machine production and sales have reached 30,000 units in 2003 is expected to reach 35,000 units, accounting for about 60% of the total annual output of mainland China, the world's total output of about 30%. Only a city of Ningbo, there are more than 100 injection molding machine manufacturers, including the world's largest production and sales of China Haitian Machinery Co., Ltd. and more than 10 foreign-funded enterprises, involving hundreds of parts and components supporting enterprises.
China's large-scale backbone of the injection molding machine production enterprises are mostly joint ventures, the introduction of foreign advanced technology and management mode. In terms of technology, China's production of injection molding machine has been from ordinary models to large machines, all-electronic machines, oil-electric composite machines and special injection molding machine development. Among them, Haitian has developed the injection molding machine with the largest clamping force in China, which is used for the production of automobile parts; Zhenxiong has developed the all-electric special-purpose machine for the production of optical discs and the special-purpose model for the injection molding of PET bottle blanks. Although, on the whole, injection molding machines produced in China are still mainly low-end products, injection molding machine manufacturers represented by Haitian and Zhenxiong are trying to develop into the mid-range market.
In terms of applications, China's injection molding machines are mainly general-purpose, with the production of general plastic products such as toys, stationery, daily necessities, furniture, and decorative materials taking up the largest share of the market.
Secondly, injection molding machines are mainly used in the production of large home appliances, such as refrigerators, color TVs, washing machines, air conditioners, computer cases, etc. This market uses more than 40% of China's total engineering plastics, and domestically produced injection molding machines have a high share in this market.
Another important area of injection molding machine application is the production of packaging products, mainly used for PET preforms, plastic bottles, caps and other products. PET preform injection molding machine market mainly for imported equipment.
Organic discs (CD), digital video discs (DVD), magnetic discs (MD) and microdiscs (MDS) as a medium for recording data, the world's rapid growth in sales. China has developed special injection molding machines for optical discs, but they have not yet been widely used.
Some special injection molding machine for the production of fine ceramic components such as ceramic injection molding machine and the production of neodymium-iron-boron electronic components of the magnetic injection molding machine, due to the amount of less than a large number of mechanical manufacturers have not been the attention. But with the further segmentation of the market, the development of related specialized models is of great significance.
Similarly, special injection molding machines for thin-walled or special engineering plastic products are still blank in China, mainly occupied by imported equipment. With the strong demand for thin-walled products represented by cell phone cases, this market has great potential for development.
From the point of view of regional distribution of consumer markets, the main consumer market of injection molding machines in China is gradually spreading from south to north.
In terms of export, injection molding machines occupy an important position in China's plastic machine export market, accounting for about 60,4% of the total exports, and the foreign exchange earnings accounted for 74,1%, which is deservedly the main export force.
Two. Extruder
In China's plastic processing industry, almost 1/3-1/2 of the plastic products are completed by extrusion molding. As the second largest category of plastic machine products, extrusion molding unit production and sales accounted for about 20-25% of the plastic machinery, extruder varieties accounted for 30% of the varieties of plastic machinery, and this proportion is still rising year by year.
China's existing more than 100 extruder production plant, most of the private or township enterprises, mainly concentrated in the plastics processing industry in developed areas, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Guangdong and other coastal areas. The 124 main extruder enterprises in the country's total industrial output value of 3.87 billion yuan, the coastal areas accounted for more than 70%. Annual production of more than 300 units (sets) of extrusion unit manufacturers only three or four, most enterprises can only produce low-grade old products, it is difficult to achieve economic scale, especially in the level of control, efficiency, precision, reliability and complete sets of aspects of the developed countries compared with the large gap.
China's production of extrusion molding equipment, mainly concentrated in the general small and medium-sized general-purpose machinery. Large-scale, precision extrusion unit mainly rely on imports.
Building materials, packaging films and containers, and daily necessities is the main application of the extruder market.
Supported by the policy, China's various plastic pipes and plastic doors and windows for the rapid development of plastic profiles, the annual growth rate of 15%, ranking first in the world. Plastic windows and doors and plastic pipes in the plastic products market share of about 13% and 10% respectively. Expected in the next few years, the average annual growth rate of plastic pipe can reach 20%.
China's plastic pipe production enterprises, although there are more than 1,000, but only 30 more than 10,000 tons of enterprises, the vast majority of enterprises in the production scale of less than 3,000 tons / year, less than the economic scale (the economic scale of foreign countries are generally more than 20,000 tons / year). China's plastic pipe production equipment was initially introduced from abroad, has basically achieved localization. In addition to the production of large-caliber corrugated pipe for the production of extrusion units, basically meet the market demand.
Similar to the plastic door and window profile market. China's existing profile annual production capacity of 1.8 million tons to 2 million tons between the actual production of about 800,000 tons, the overall performance is large capacity, low production. This is both management and market factors, but also due to the unstable quality of domestic equipment caused by the problem.
In packaging, multi-layer **** extrusion technology is developing rapidly, in many areas of application. For example, in the production of hollow containers, including two-component large hollow container extrusion production, China's production of extrusion units have been able to handle.
***Extrusion composite process as a plastic composite film processing with its unique advantages has also been widely used, China ****Extrusion composite film production has tended to mature, the use of this process of production of plastic packaging film with multi-functional, lightweight, thin film wall and so on. The process not only greatly simplifies the production process, and less material, while reducing the amount of raw materials used. Using this process to produce the same structure of composite packaging materials than other processes can save 30% of the production cost. China's 3 layers and 3 layers of *** extrusion composite film production equipment has dominated the domestic production of functional composite heat sealing substrate, heat shrinkable film, winding film and greenhouse film, etc.; 5 layers and more than 5 layers of *** extrusion film production is still dominated by imported equipment.
Three. Hollow blow molding
Hollow blow molding technology and equipment is mainly used for the production of packaging products.
From the product structure, China's small hollow containers are to multi-species, diversification, specialization direction; and large hollow products are mainly polypropylene or high-density polyethylene hollow blow-molded products and blow-molded trays.
Relative to the injection molding machine and extruder market, the domestic hollow blow molding equipment research and development needs to pay more efforts. On the one hand, because of the domestic equipment to adapt to a narrow surface, the production mode is relatively single. In addition to extrusion blowing method, injection blowing, extrusion and pull blowing, injection and pull blowing less; on the other hand, the performance is not pass, and foreign products in automation control and quality reliability compared to a large gap.
China's injection blowing PET bottle production market is very large, the increase is extremely impressive, not only like Zhuhai Zhongfu and Shanghai Zijiang such as super PET bottle production enterprises, but also like Wahaha, Master Kong, Huiyuan and other beverage companies have invested heavily in the introduction of equipment for the production of PET bottles. China annually for the introduction of foreign advanced PET bottle production equipment funds not less than 200 million U.S. dollars. But in the face of such a huge market, domestic enterprises almost do nothing. Guangzhou Da Yi Long launched China's first domestic rotary blow molding machine, indicating that China's blow molding equipment manufacturers, began to enter the field of high-speed blow molding equipment production.
Four. Calender
Calender is the key equipment in the production of plastic calendering, calender roller number, at least three rollers, there are four or five rollers. The arrangement of the rollers are triangular, linear, inverse L-type, positive Z-type, oblique Z-type, L-type and so on.
Plastic mold
Hydraulic press
The main equipment for plastic compression molding, divided into upper and lower pressure type. The specific structure is shown in the figure.